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Limitation
-The Atterberg limits give no indication of particle
fabric or residual bonds between particles which may
have been developed in the natural soil but are
destroyed in preparing the specimen for the
determination of limits.
Prof. B V S Viswanadham, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Activity
(C = 9)
After Seed et al. 1964
Prof. B V S Viswanadham, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Soil Classification Systems
Classification systems generally group together broad
categories of the soils that have similar features or
properties, which are considered to be of importance.
Reaction to shaking
Resistance to breaking
F M C F C
0.002 0.075 0.425 2 4.75 20 80
According to Unified Soil-Classification System
F M C F C
0.075 mm
sieve
Limitation:
The criteria for the groupings are logical, but
shortcomings include requirement for
laboratory testing, in order to determine a
classification, and the difficulty in using code
designation and remembering the
requirement for each of the designations.
0.425 mm
sieve
Prof. B V S Viswanadham, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)
Classification Procedure
Coarse-Grained Peat
Soil
Fine-Grained
Soil
Gravel Sand
Silt
Inorganic Organic
clay Silt/clay
Casagrandes extended classification system
Prof. B V S Viswanadham, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Unified Soil Classification System
U-line
Ip = 0.9(wl-8)
Features:
1) Chart is divided into six regions, three above
A line [delineates the boundaries between clays
(above the line) and silts and organic soils (below
the line)] and three below.
PI = LL PL
PI
= 67 32 Ac =
= 35 C
Ac = 35/80 = 0.44