Training Report 2

Preface
Training in business organization infuses among students a sense of critical analysis of the
real managerial situation to which they are exposed. My institution has given me opportunity
through this program to be aware of and cope with fast rate changing technology,
management policies, quality and productivity. This is a bold attempt to bridge the gap
between the world of work and studies imparted in the institution.
This training enable us to apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations, appreciate the
sense of responsibility, importance of discipline, punctuality and the psychology of a worker
and their habits which make us more professional and near to the world of technology and
team work. Industrial training bring out better citizens, better technocrats and better
diplomats out of us.
We were lucky to get an opportunity to work in one of the premier private sector industries,
i.e. NAHAR INDUSTRIES ENTERPRISES LTD, LALRU. The purpose of this training is to
gain knowledge about the industry, methodology, procedures, norms, and also to see the
environment of the industry. I have also focused during the training period on learning about
machineries installed, processing, mechanism and construction of processing devices.
We have attempted to describe both the mechanical and process parameters, as well as the
underlying chemistry behind each process. The major focus in describing the underlying
chemistry is the fiber/chemical interaction; however, where possible, I have provided a brief
review of the appropriate chemistry behind the various classes of chemical auxiliaries. Each
part of the book is subdivided into a part that describes equipment and a part that describes
unit operations. Some attempt is made to describe the stages in sequence, one that a typical
greige fabric may follow. Each dye house has its own character, depending largely on the
type of equipment and type of fabric it processes.
Fabric preparation has been subdivided into singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching,
mercerizing, and heat setting. Further dyeing of fabric is covered with optimum parameters.
Finishing is broken down into chemical and mechanical. Chemical finishing covers those
treatments that alter the performance of the textile fabric where the chemical is the major
component of the change. Mechanical finishing refers to certain types of mechanical devices
that physically alters the fabric
Acknowledgement
We extend our heartfelt gratitude to Nahar Industrial Enterprise Ltd.: Division Processing
Unit-II, for recruiting us in this illustrious Summer Training Program. I have worked in the
concern of 42 days and prepared my industrial training report. Under the guidance of training
officers, I analyzed various aspects of production. This has helped in boosting up my
confidence and determination, which will help me to face any situation in years to come. Our
six weeks (42 days) training was a great venture where we were reincarnated as a technical
novice. We were really thankful to all the staff members and working hands in the mill who
helped us generously and assisted us through every bottleneck guiding us to attain a
dexterous knowledge in textile dyeing sector.
We also feel sincere and earnest appreciation for valued supervision and guidance from:
Mr. S.S. Basu

Mr. Akhilesh Aggarwal
Mr. Arnab Ghosh
Mr. Anil Tyagi
Mr. Manoj Suyal
Mr. Dignata Datta
Mr. J.L. Verma
Moreover, we thank Mrs. Reetu to be supportive and nurturing throughout the training
program.
We finally thank Dr. Lalit Kumar Awasthi (Director, NITJ), Dr. N. Bhowmick (HOD,
Textile Dept., NITJ), and Dr. J.N. Chakraborty (Professor,Textile Dept. NITJ), for helping
us during the whole journey.
Date: 15/07/2015 Place: Lalru, Mohali (Punjab)

Thanking you
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Contents
Sr. No. Title
1. GREY CHECKING
2. BLEACHING
SINGEINGING & DESIZING
SCOURING AND BLEACHING
MERCERIZATION
PEACHING
3. DYEING
4. FINISHING
5. FOLDING
6. GROUPING
7. QA AND QC
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Training Schedule
Sr. No. Department Head of department Period
1. Bleaching Mr. Akhilesh Aggarwal 27/5/2017
2. Dyeing Mr. Arnab Ghosh 29/5/2017
3. Finishing Mr. Anil Tyagi 30/5/2017
4. Folding Mr. Manoj Suyal 31/5/2017
5. QA Mr. Diganta Datta 1/06/2017
6. Project under Mr. Arnab Ghosh 02/06/2017-09/07/2017
7. Pers & IR Mr. J.L. Verma 10/07/2017
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ENTIRE PROCESS FLOW
The Customer and the Marketing department communicate with each other. The Marketing
department then talks with Product Development Group (PDG) and then communicates the terms
discussed to the Quality Assurance (Q A) and Product Planning and Control (P P C) who decides on
the various guidelines and the time required to execute the order. These guidelines are then
communicated to the Plant Head who communicates them to the various Departments according to
the guidelines and instructions. The fabric is then sent to the Fabric Inspection and then to the Central
Quality Assurance, who sent it to the Folding and Dispatch from where other financial activities
follows.
Customer
Marketing PDG
QA PPC
Plant Head
Department
Fabric Inspection
Central Q & A
Invoice & Dispatch
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OBSERVED FLOW OF PROCESSES IN MILL
Grey Checking
Singeing
Desizing
Combined Scouring & Bleaching
Mercerization Heat Setting
Peaching
Dyeing
Peach wash
Finishing
Folding
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GREIGE DEPARTMENT
FUNCTION OF GREIGE DEPARTMENT:
Function of greige department is to make continuous length of fabric which is done by
converting small size rolls to big size batch.
Fabric comes in two forms in greige department viz.:

Roll form
Bale form
Mostly fabric comes in roll form; in certain case fabric also comes in bale form.
FIVE THREAD STITCH:

Five thread stitch is generally given on pagassus machine. In peach fabric five thread stitch is
given because of following reasons:
To avoid crease in the fabric.
To withstand high shear force in peach machine.
There is a flap which is being tucked at the starting of the stitch and at the end of the stitch, so
that stitch does not get unravelled in later stages like bleaching and dyeing.
Various specifications that are being mentioned on the roll and bale:
Sort no.
Lot no./ bale no.
Shade no.
Meters
Net weight
Gross weight
MAKE OF THE STITCHING MACHINE:

Almac (Vadodara, India)
MAN POWER ALLOCATION / MACHINE:

2 (1 operator & 1 helper)
PRODUCTION:
10,000 mtr/shift/m/c
GUIDELINE FOR SORTING FRC (FANTS, RAGS ,CHINDI):
Category Dimension
Katran <7 cm
Chindi 7 22 cm
Rags 23 44 cm
Fants 45 90 cm
Good Cut 1.3 m for bottom
1.6 m for shirting
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BLEACHING SECTION
A. SINGEING
OBJECTIVE:
To remove the protruding fiber from the fabric surface so that the fabric become smooth &
less hairiness.
MACHINE USED:
OSTHOFF GAS SINGEING MACHINE
MACHINE PARTS:
Vibra Plus I
Singing Unit
Vibra Plus II
FLOW OF PROCESS
INLET VIBRA SINGEING VIBRA OUTLET

SECTION PLUS I UNIT PLUS II SECTION
DIFFERENT PARAMETERS USED IN THE MACHINE
Inlet Section: It feeds the fabric to the singeing unit coming from Grey Checking
Department. Series of Rollers are used here.
Vibra Plus I: It raises the protruding fiber & also removes some range of protruding
fiber. The fibers are removed by air suction pump. Here two rollers containing nylon
brush is used. Two rollers move in opposite direction. Air suction device is present.
Singeing Unit: The protruding fibers are burnt by gas burner. 3 rollers are used. Cold
water will be passed through the rollers and burner. Gas flame is used. Air & L.P.G. gas
are used for this purpose.
For coarser fabric flame intensity 14 mbar. For finer fabric flame intensity 14 mbar.
Vibra Plus II: It removes the brunt fiber from the fabric surface by the two roller
containing nylon brush. Air suction device also present to extra out the brunt fiber.
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Out Let Section: Final fabric is taken out after singeing. Series of rollers are used.
Temp: Max. 100C
Moderate 72 C
Speed: 100 meter per minute.
Pressure: 14.0 mbar
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Machine should be carefully stopped so that fabric does not catch fire during stopping
the machine.
2. If floppy fibrous part comes with fabric they may catch fire, so, fabric should be
checked frequently before leading.
3. Torn fabric should be avoided.
SOME SPECIAL TERMS:

J-SCRAY: It is present in the inlet section of the singeing unit. It is used to stag the fabric
during batching. Capacity of the j-scray is 300-400 mt.
LEAD CLOTH (CHERA): If the batching is continues then this time chera is not required. It
is used also cleaned the machine
B. DESIZING UNIT
OBJECTIVE:
To remove the size material completely from the fabric.
MACHINE USED:
EXTRACTA FROM BENNINGER
FLOW OF PROCESS
INLET DESIZING OUTLET BATCHING

SECTION UNIT SECTION UNIT
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TYPE OF DESIZING:
Enzymatic Desizing
ENZYMATIC DESIZING:
For cotton less than 40s count enzymatic desizing is done.
Recipe:
Enzyme (Bio-Enzyme -4.5% OWM)
Wetting Agent (C.B.R.D-3% OWM)
Chelating Agent (Antox-1.5% OWM)
Temp: 60-70C
Chemicals are used in ml/kg
Here after Desizing about 8 hours dwell time is given to the desized fabric for rotation.
DIFFERENT PARAMETER USED IN MACHINE:

Inlet Section:
Fabric coming from singeing unit is fed here. Series of roller is present here.
Desizing Unit:
Desize Chemicals are used here. In this bath 21 meters length of the fabric is present. Series
of roller and solution is present.
Outlet Section:
After desizd fabric are batch here. Series of roller is present.
Batching Section:
Here after desizing rotation of fabric is given for 8 hours for enzymatic
Faults:
If uneven desizing will be occur then this time fabric will be desized more than one time.
C. COMBINED SCOURING & BLEACHING
OBJECTIVE:
1. The main object is to remove fat, wax, oil, from the fabric so that wettability of fabric
improves.
2. Bleaching removes natural color & shed for light shade dyeing.
MACHINE USED:
BEN BLEACH from BENNINGER
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FLOW OF PROCESS
COMBINATION
INLET SECTION PRETREATMENT FORTRACTA
STEAMER
EXTRACTA WASHER
INJECTA BEN DIP
I, II, III
EXTRACTA WASHER
EXTRACTA WASHER
IMPACTA IV, ACETIC ACID OUTLET SECTION
I
NEUTRALIZER
EXTRACTA WASHER EXTARCTA WASHER VERTICAL DRYING

COOLING ZONE
II III RANGE (VDR)
DIFFERENT PARAMETRE USED IN MACHINE:

Inlet Section: In this section fabric will be fed.
Machine Parts:
1. Guide Roller.
2. Tension Roller
3. J-Scray
Injecta: Water and steam are sprayed over the fabric for washing, after desizing,
Contain:
1. Series of Roller.
2. Water & steam
3. Temp. 95C
Extracta Washer I
Contain:
1. Hot water
2. Length: 28 Mt.
3. Temp: 95C
For bleach 4 liter/kg water used.
For bleach wash 6 litre/kg water used.
Water flow from the upper washer to lower washer mainly saves the water and through
washing. Water flows in the opposite direction of the fabric.
Extracta Washer II
Contain:
1. Hot water
2. Length: 28 Mt.
3. Temp: 95C
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Extracta Washer III
Contain:
1. Hot water
2. Length: 28 Mt.
3. Temp: 80C
Impacta:
Contain:
1. Bleaching agent (Hydrogen Peroxide) 35.00 ml/kg
2. Wetting agent (Lenetol CBRD) 3.00 ml/kg
3. Stabilizer (Lenetol CESE) 9.00 ml/kg
4. Chelating agent (Sirrix Antox) 2.00 ml/kg
5. NaOH 30.00ml/kg
6. Temp: 40 - 45C
7. Pressure: 0.5 kg/m2
8. Speed: 80m/min
9. Time: 18-20min
Combined scouring & bleaching is done here.
Ben-Dip:
Cold water is supplied over the fabric for proper reaction of the chemical with fabric.
Contain: Cold water
Temp: Normal
Combination Pretreatment Steamer:

Contain:
1. Steam
2. Length: 5 section each with 40 mt.
3. Temp: Upper 98C
Lower 92C
4. Pressure: 0.6 bar
5. Dwelling Time: 6 to 40 min. In industry generally used 15 min.
Steam is sprayed over the fabric with the help of the pipe. By the used of the dwell time keeti
will be removed of the surface of the fabric.
Fortracta:
In fortracta, grip roller and screw roller presents. By the used of sensor grip roller maintain
the direction of the fabric. Screw roller is used to remove the fold of the fabric.
Temperature 95C
Extracta Washer I
Contain:
1. Hot water
2. Length: 28 Mt.
Extracta Washer II
Contain:
1. Hot water
2. Length: 28 Mt.
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3. Temp: 95C
Extracta Washer III

Contain:
1. Hot water
2. Length: 28 Mt.
3. Temp: 80C
Extracta Washer IV, Acetic Acid Neutralizer: Neutralization is done by the help of acetic
acid.
Contain:
1. Acetic acid
2. Length: 28 mt.
3. Temp: 60C
4. Standard pH: 3-4
If the fabric goes to mercerization then this time acetic acid neutralization is not required.
Otherwise mercerization is required.
Outlet Section: By the purchase order fabric is out in this section. Otherwise fabric is goes to
dry section.
Vertical Drying Range (VDR): Here fabric is dried passing through no of rollers (30 rollers)
in vertical direction.
Contain:
1. Steam
2. Temp: 100C
3. No of Rollers: 30
Rollers are heated by steam. Steam comes through pipe to the cylinder & steam condensed
water goes away from cylinder through another pipe. First four rollers in drying zone will
Teflon coated.
Cooling Zone: Fabric is cooled by passing it through no of cold water containing cylinders.
Contain:
1. Cold water
2. Temp: Room Temp.
3. No of rollers: 3
If the fabric is for pitching then cooling is done otherwise cooling is not required.
Outlet section: After drying & cooling fabric is out here.
Some Special Term:

Lead Cloth (Chera): For proper bleaching of the total batch lead cloth is used. It is also used
to clean the machine. When the bath will not be continuous lead cloth is used otherwise it is
not used.
Bamboo clip: It is used to reduce the crease of the fabric after dwelling time. Mainly used for
lycra.
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Squeezing: By Squeezing we remove the excess water from the fabric surface. Two rollers
are used, Bottom Roller & Top Roller. Bottom Roller is steel roller & Top Roller is rubber
coated steel roller.
Squeezing Pressure 100 kN.
D. MERCERIZATION
OBJECTIVE OF HOT MERCERIZATION:
To provide dimensional stability to fabric.
To facilitated better swelling of fibers.
To increase dyeability
(In only Cold Mercerization the luster of the fabric improves)
MACHINE USED:
Name: Ben Dimensa
Manufacturer: Benninger, Switzerland
FLOW OF PROCESS
EXTRACTA WASHER EXTARCTA WASHER

INLET SECTION
II III
EXTRACTA WASHER
PRE WETTING ZONE EXTRACTA WASHER I OUTLET SECTION
IV
EXTRACTA WASHER
IMPREGNATION
STABILIZATION ZONE V, NEUTRALIZATION COOLING ZONE
ZONE
ZONE
EXTRACTA WASHER VERTICAL DRYING

DWELLING ZONE STENTER ZONE
VI RANGE (VDR)

Inlet Section: Fabric is padded through inlet section containing guide & tension roller.
Contain:
1. Guide Roller
2. Break Roller
3. J-Scray
4. Dancer Roller
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Pre Wetting Trough: In this section fabric is wetted by the spread of water for better
penetration of chemical.
After pre wetting squeezing is done for even distribution of water.
Contain:
1. Cold Water
2. Temp: Room Temperature
Impregnation Zone: Here concentration NaOH & water is spared over the fabric. Here caustic
is spared over fabric through one pipe & water is spared over fabric through another pipe.
Contain:
1. NaOH (28 for fresh caustic & 30 for recovery caustic.)
2. Water
3. Length: 14 Mt
4. Temp: 60-65C
Dwelling Time: Here fabric is given a dwell time of greater than 25 sec for better reaction of
chemical. Caustic will be pick up by the fabric.
Contain:
1. Only air.
2. Length: 32 Mt
4. Dwelling Time: Greater than 25 sec.
Stenter Zone: By mercerization fabric will creases & dimension of the fabric will be creases.
In stenter zone fabric is stretched to increase its dimension.
Contain:
1. Series of Roller
2. Two Green Rollers
3. One Chain Attached With Pin
4. Two Sensors
5. Temp: 85C
By the used of sensor width of the fabric will be maintains if the width of the fabric is not
maintained then machine will be stopped.
Stabilizing Zone: Weak lime is spread over the fabric to give dimensional stability to the
fabric.
Contain:
1. Weak Lime (Low Conc. NaOH)
2. Length: 32 Mt
3. Temp: 95C
Extracta Washer- I: When the fabric came from the mercerization zone, Caustic will be
present in the fabric in 20-24%. To remove the excess caustic water will be spared over fabric
through washing zone.
Content:
1. Hot Water
2. Length: 18 Mt
3. Temp: 95C
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Extracta Washer- II
Content:
1. Hot water
2. Length: 20 Mt
3. Temp: 95C
Extracta Washer- III

Content:
1. Hot water
2. Length: 20 Mt
3. Temp: 95C
Extracta Washer- IV
Content:
1. Hot water
2. Length: 20 Mt
3. Temp: 80C
Extracta Washer- V: Here acetic acid is used to neutralize the caustic content of the fabric.
Fresh acid mixed with water.
Content:
1. CHCOOH for neutralization
2. Length: 18 Mt
3. Temp: Room Temperature (Max. 60C)
4. pH: 3-4
Extracta Washer- VI
Content:
1. water
2. Length: 18 Mt
3. Temp: 65C -70C
Vertical Drying Range: Here fabric is dried passing it through the hot cylindrical roller.
Content:
1. Steam
2. No. of Roller: 30
3. Temp: 100C
Cooling Zone: Here fabric is cooled passing it through cold cylinder just to avoid over
heating of fabric. This is used for all type fabric.
Content:
1. Cold Water
2. No of Roller: 3
Outlet Section: Here after drying & cooling fabric is outlet..Light is used to see the fabric
faults. Speed: 50-70 m/min.
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E. PEACHING
OBJECTIVE:
To make the fabric soft & smooth according to the customer acceptation after mercerization
peaching is done.
MACHINE USED:
GAMATEX
NO of M/C: 1
ULTRA SOFT
MANUFACTURER: LAFER
NO of M/C: TWO
TOTAL NO. Of M/C: THREE
Mechanics: Here emery paper is used to make the fabric sooth. There are 24 rollers present
in the machine. 12 of them move in pile & other move in antipile direction & thus improving
the smoothness of the surface. By peaching one side of the fabric will be smooth & soft.
Content:
Dancing Roller
Expander Bar
Pile Roller
Counter Pile Roller
Drum
Beater
Nylon Brushes
Suction Device
After peaching, peach wash is done to the fabric.
SOME DIFFERENT PATH WAYS FOR DIFFERENT

FABRIC
100% Cotton D/N
Singeing +
PTR Mercerization Dyeing
Desizing
Finishing
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100% Cotton D/P
Singeing +
PTR Mercerization Peach
Desizing
Finishing Dyeing Peach wash
P/C Blended D/N
Singeing +
PTR Mercerization Heat Setting
Desizing
Finishing Dyeing
P/C Blended D/P
Singeing +
PTR Mercerization Heat Setting
Desizing
Finishing Dyeing Peach wash Peach
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DYEING
There are five methods of dyeing which are adopted here.
Reactive PDPS
Reactive-E-Control
Vat PDPS
Disperse Vat PDPS for P/C Blend
Disperse Reactive PDPS for P/C Blend
OBJECTIVE:
Dye a fabric light shade or dark shade according to customer requirement.
MACHINES OBSERVED:
A. HOT FLEW (Pad Dry)

IR Moxon
PADDER Kuster Mangle
CHEMICAL CONTROL Contidos (SIEMENS)
FLOW OF PROCESS IN HOT FLEW M/C
INLET SECTION IR SECTION DRYING ZONE
BRUSHING UNIT AIRING DEVICE COOLING ZONE
COOLING ZONE PADDING ZONE OUTLET SECTION
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Inlet Section: After preparatory processing fabric is inleted here.
Contain:
1. Series of Roller
2. J-Scray
3. Antilaping Device
Brushing Unit: Two roller contain nylon brush moves in opposite direction & remove dust
particle from fabric surface.
Contain:
1. Two Roller Containing Nylon Brush
Cooling: After pretreatment care fabric become heated but outer surface fabric become cool.
As a result uneven dye exhaustion will occur. To prevent this fabric is passed through cold
water containing cylinder roller as a result all the fabric become cool & even dye exhaustion
will occur.
Contain:
1. Two Cylinder Roller
Padding Mangle: Here at first fabric is dipped into dye liquor containing trough & then
passed through the nip of two rollers.
Dip: Here first fabric is dipped into color solution & dye is exhausted by the fabric. Below
30 temp is maintained here. Trough is made up for dye exhaustion and down for cleaning
and passing leads cloth.
Nip: Two rollers are present here. Hydrolytic pressure is created by oil. It presents in the
middle section of the roller. Two sides are compressed by air pressure. Another roller is
driven through motor. Pressure is created by nip is about 10-50N/mm.
Airing Device: In this section fabric gets sufficient time for better exhaustion fabric gets
chance to spread dye evenly.
Content
1. Air
2. 10 guide rollers
3. Temp: Normal
4. Length: Contain 12m fabric
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IR Section: After Airing Device fabric contains 60% moisture. In IR Section fabric is heated
with LPG gas flame by passing fabric about 14 mm distance from LPG gas flame. As a result
20% moisture releases from the fabric. As a result dye migration is avoided as fabric is dried
gradually.
If IR Section is not present in PAD-DRY then dye liquor tends to migrate
From center to selvedge
From face to back
As a result uneven dyeing will occur.
Contain:
1. IR producing agent like LPG gas (80%), Air (20%)
2. Temp: 650C-850C
3. Air pressure: 12.5-13 mbar
Drying Zone: Here fabric is gradually dried. Here temp is increased gradually on three
chambers just to avoid dye migration. Here temp of 1 st chamber is lower than 2nd chamber &
temp of 3rd chamber is greater than 2nd chamber.
Chamber-I, II, III: Here fabric is dried gradually. Here cold air will be passed over hot oil &
then air became heated & this hot air is spread over fabric. Here guide rollers are present in
inclined position. So that air is spread on fabric evenly. 46 rollers are present in each
chamber.
Contain:
(I) Thermal Fluid Oil: It is used for supplying heat to the fabric by the use of air.
(II) Flapper: It is used for changing shade to prevent shade variation. When it
opens selvedge became lighter shade & when it closes selvedge shade became
darker.
(III) Pleva: It is used to maintain humidity of the chamber.
(IV) Circulation Fan: It is used for creating air pressure in the each chamber.
(V) Exhaust Fan: It is started when temperature & humidity of every chamber
increases so that temperature & humidity can be reduced.
(VI) Dancing Roller
(VII) Nozzle: Two Plate is present in upper & lower direction in every drying
chamber. This two plate is called Nozzle.
(VIII) Length: Total threading length of 3 chambers 155 Mt
(IX) Total threading length of the machine 230 Mt
(X) No Of Rollers: 46 in each chamber.
(XI) Temp: According to the process.
Cooling Zone: Here fabric is cooled by passing through 3 cylinders containing cold water. It
is used to prevent over heating of fabric and uniform temperature distribution.
Contain:
1. Cold Water
3. No of Rollers: 3
Outlet Section: After cooling fabric is outleted here.

Contain:
1. J-Scray
2. Antilapping Device
3. Guide Roller
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4. Tension Roller
SUB STORE (DYEING):

Color Mixture: Capacity 250 Litre
It is used to mixed the dye stuff according to order
Maxon Gas Station: It controls the LPG gas which comes to IR-Section.
It makes a gas mixture of 80% LPG & 20% Air.
CHEMICAL TANK AERA:

Dye chemical solution store here. 14th tanks will be presents here.
Capacity in Litres No. Of Tanks

150 4
500 2
1000 2
1500 6
2000 8
M/C PARAMETERS FOR DIFFERENT PROCESSES:

Reactive E Control:-
For Shirting GLM < 300
IR CH I CH II CH III
Temperature 750 20oC 125 10oC 130 10oC 135 10oC
Humidity 30 5% 30 5% 30 5%
Fan Speed 50% 70% 90%
Exhaust Fan Auto Auto Auto
For Bottom GLM 300
Humidity 30 10% 30 10% 30 10%
Fan Speed 50% 70% 90%
Exhaust Fan Auto Auto Auto
a) Reactive PDPS:-
Fan Speed 2 Stack 50% 70% 90%
Exhaust Fan 50% 50% 50%
For Bottom GLM 300

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b) Vat PDPS:-
For Bottom GLM 300
c) For Thermosoling:-
For Bottom GLM 300
.
B. PAD STEAM
MACHINE MODEL: Pad Steam from Benninger, Switzerland
FLOW OF PROCESS IN STEAM M/C
INLET SECTION WASHER V WASHER VI
BICOFLEX PADDER WASHER IV WASHER VII OUTLET SECTION
STEAMING ZONE WASHER III WASHER VIII COOLING ZONE
NEUTRALIZATION VERTICAL DRYING

WASHER I WASHER II
CHAMBER RANGE (VDR)

Inlet Section: After pad drying fabric is inleted here.
Contain:
1. Series of Roller
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2. J-Scray
Bicoflex Padder: Here at first fabric is dipped into development chemical containing trough
& then passed through the nip of two rubber rollers. Pressure is created by air is about
30N/mm.
Contain:
1. Two Padding Roller
2. Development Chemical
3. Temp: Normal
Steaming Zone: Here fabric passed through hot steam & guide roller. As a result fabric gets
sufficient time to react with development chemical.
Contain:
1. Series of Roller
2. Steam
3. Threading Length: 62.5 Mt
4. Dwell Time: 60 sec
5. Temp: Middle 100C
6. Upper greater than 120C
Washer-I, II: Here simple fabric wash is done. Here 2nd washer is counter & 1 st is over
flow drain.
Contain:
1. Water
2. Temp: Normally 40C
Washer-III, IV: In 4th washer oxidation is done for vat color using oxidizing agent. For E-
control simple washing is done here.
Contain:
1. Oxidizing agent for vat color (4th Washer) & Water.
2. Temp: Depends Upon Process
Washer-V: Here simple washing is done.

Contain:
1. Water
Washer-VI, VII: In 7th no. washer soaping is done & 6th washer washing is done.
Contain:
1. Soaping Agent
2. Water
Washer-VIII: Here simple wash is done.

Contain:
1. Water
2. Temp: 80C
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Acetic Acid Neutralizer: Here acetic acid neutralization is done. Here acid pH 3.5-4 is
maintaining. 60%-70% diluted acetic acid is taken here.
Contain:
1. Acetic Acid
2. pH: 3.5-4
3. Temp: 60C
Drying: Here fabric is dried by passing through hot steam containing cylinders roller. Here
20 cylinder rollers are used. First 4 rollers are Teflon coated.
Contain:
1. Steam
2. Temp: 100C
Cooling Zone: To avoid over heating fabric passed through 3 cold water containing cylinder
roller.
Contain:
1. Cold Water
2. Temp: Normal
Outlet Section: After Cooling Fabric is outlated here.

Contain:
1. Series of Roller
2. J-Scray
FLOW OF PROCESS OF REACTIVE E CONTROL
PADDING DYE FIXATION WASHING SOAPING
ACID
DRYING
NEUTRALIZATION
FLOW OF PROCESS OF REACTIVE PDPS
PADDING DRYING DYE FIXATION WASHING SOAPING
ACID
COOLING DRYING WASHING
NEUTRALIZATION
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FLOW OF PROCESS OF VAT PDPS
REDUCING /
PADDING DRYING OXIDATION
DEVELOPMENT
ACID
DRYING WASHING SOAPING
NEUTRALIZATION
FINISHING
OBJECTIVE:
Finishing usually includes treatments, mechanical and chemical, which enhance the dyed
fabric basic characteristics and overcome the faults of original cloth due to previous
treatments given to the fabric. The main objects of finishing are-
To remove skew, bow, shrinkage problem from the fabric.
Improve softness, smoothness of the fabric.
This is the last and final chemical or mechanical treatment given to every textile material.
Textile finishes improves handle, appearance, increases softness and most importantly deals
effectively with shrinkage problems of the fabric.
There are two types of finishes

Mechanical Finish
Chemical Finish
Three varieties of fabrics are subjected in finishing department, namely

Color dyed fabric
White fabric
RFD (ready for dyeing)
A. STENTER MACHINE
MACHINE USED:
STENTER MACHINE, MONTEX FROM MONFORTS, GERMANY
MODEL NO:
EIN/ AUS LAVF
Stenter is the heart of any process house. It is a versatile machine used for variety of
purposes. The capacity of any process house is determined by/on the number of Stenter.
26 | P a g e
FLOW OF PROCESS
INLET MAHLO COOLING

SECTION UNIT ZONE
MANGLE CHAMBER OUTLET

UNIT ZONE (10 SECTION
CHAMBERS)

Inlet Section: Dyed fabric is fed through the inlet section to the mangle unit via a series of
rollers, feed roller and guide roller and tension roller, and J-Scray which is used to stag the
fabric during batching.
Mangle Unit: Here fabric is padded with finishing chemical & then passed through the nip of
two rubber roller made specifically from ebonite. Simple air pressure present here. Sensors
present sense the level of chemical in the trough.
Content:
1. Finishing chemical and padding mangle
2. Temperature: 30C-40C
3. Pressure: 30 N/mm
Mahlo Unit: In this section skew & bow maintain by the help of 3 skew rollers & 3 bow
rollers. Bow roller maintains bow of the fabric & skew roller maintains skew of the fabric.
Skew roller maid by steel its moveable & bow roller maid by rubber.
Content:
3 Bow Rollers & 3 Skew Rollers
Temperature: Normal
Chamber Zone: Prior to the chamber zone, fabric is fed by the feed roller. A chain is present
which entirely consists of pin in its both sides. Belt is moved over the carbon rail. Two drum
brushes are present here to push the fabric to the pin of belt so that fabric gets connected with
pin of the belt in both sides. After feed section 10 chambers are present here. In this section
fabric will be heated both sides by the help of hot air. In the two side of the chamber nozal
plate will be present. Two exhaust fans & two heat recovery fan are present here. Heat
recovery fans recover heat from the outgoing air. In chamber zone fabric width will be
stretched gradually. Heat setting is done for Lycra & P/C blend to give dimensional stability.
Moisture will be high in chamber-I is about 30% & it decrease gradually. In the chamber
zone moisture present is 4%-5%.
Content:
1. 1 to 10 zone Containing Thermic fluid oil and Hot air
2. Temp: 130C-140C for Drying
3. 190C-210C for Heat Setting
4. Dwell Time: 20 - 40 Sec
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5. Threading Length: 30 Mt
6. Length of Chain: 36 Mt
Cooling Zone: After chamber zone fabric is passed through the cold water containing one
cylinder roller. It is done to avoid over heating of fabric.
Content:
1. Cold water Containing Cylinder Roller
Outlet Zone: Here fabric is finally taken off and is collected upon trolley for final checking.
Content:
1. Series of Roller
2. J-Scray
3. Guide Roller
4. Feed Roller
5. Tension Roller
6. Dancer Roller
7. Fault measuring Roller
CHEMICALS FUNCTION
UREA TO INCREASE GSM
ULTRASIL BG FATTY ACID AMIDE BASE SOFTNER
SIBAPEACH 89 FATTY ACID AMIDE BASE SOFTNER
CEREPERM AQUA HYDROPHILIC SOFTN ER
SANDOLUBE HD LIQ POLYETHELENE IMULSION (TO
INCREASE TEAR STRENGTH)
LEUCOPHOER BMB OPTICAL WHITENER
SARSSOFT CATIONIC SOFTNER
FORNAX W ANTI SLIPPING AGENT(FOR INCREASE
SEAM SLIPPAGE)
SANDOFIX EC ANTI SLIPPING AGENT ( FOR
INCREASE SEAM SLIPPAGE )
SARAPEACH MR SOFTNER
LEUCOPHORE BMF OPTICAL BRIGHTNER
SARASOFT EP POLYETHELENE IMULSION(IT
INCREASE THE STRENGTH)
APPRENTAN MBXI LIQ STIFFENING AGENT PH(6-7)
SOLUSOFT MW SILICON SOFTNER
ULTRAPHOR RN LIQUI OPTICAL WHITENING AGENT FOR
POLYESTER
LENETOL CBRD WETTING AGENT
MEGATOUCH FATTY ACID BASE SOFTNER
BASOSOFT SWK FATTY ACID BASE SOFTNER
MICROSOFT W MICRO SILICONE SOFTNER
BLUTONE UBR LIQ OPTICAL WHITNER
SANDOFIX HCF LIQ SANDOFIX HCF LIQ
FIXAERT FB ECO RESIN FINISH
MGCL2 P MAINTAINS, USED FOR BONDING
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SARABLOOM SL SHADE DEPTH (NOT USE)
BINDER ET ECO PIGMENT BINDER
HELIZARINE RED FBBG PIGMENT COLOR
HELIZARINE BLACK PIGMENT COLOR
HELIZARINE BLUE FBRT PIGMENT COLOR
HELIAZRINE YELLOW PIGMENT COLOR
HELIZARINE VIOLET FBBT PIGMENT COLOR
SILVEN PIGMENT COLOR
SARALUBE 2975 IT INCREASE THE STRENGTH
WASASOFT 279 SOFTNER
CERASOFT K LIQ SOFTNER
SARSSOFT WFT SOFTNER
SARADYE FN DYE FIXING AGENT
SOLUSOFT NMW NON-IONIC
CERANINE LINI POLYESTER EMULSION
SKAY WHITE PVR LIQ OPTICAL WHITNER
CERALUBE JNF LIQ POLYESTER EMULSION
B. SHRINKAGE OR SANFORISING MACHINE

MACHINE USED:
MONFORTEX FROM MONFORTS, GERMAN
FLOW OF PROCESS
Inlet Mosturizing Shrinkage Palmer

Section Unit Unit Section
Outlet Cooling
Section Zone

Inlet Section: Fabric is fed through the inlet section and is passed though guide rollers, feed
rollers and J-Scray to the moisture unit. J-Scray is used to stag the fabric during batching.
Capacity of the -scray is 300-400 mt.
Contain:
1. Guide Roller
2. Feed Roller
3. J-Scray
4. Fault Measuring Light
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Moisture Unit: Fabric is passed through the moisture roller, inside the roller steam is present
and thus the fabric is wetted. Water spreader is used to spare water over the fabric.
Content:
1. Moisture Roller
2. Water Spreader
3. Water & Steam
4. Temp: Normal to100C
Shrinkage Zone: Two rubber rollers & one steel cylinder roller is present here. Steam is
passed through the cylinder roller and water will be spread over rollers for cooling the rollers.
Rubber roller is used for fabric shrinkage.
Content:
1. Two Rubbers and one Steel Roller
2. Temp: 120C
3. Pressure: 19 bar
4. Rubber Length: 67 Cm
5. Hardness of Rubber: 142-144 Shore
Palmer Section: After shrinkage zone fabric is passed through the palmer section. Here
ironing is done by passing fabric with hot cylinder which is covered by felt. Fabric passed
through the middle of the belt and cylinder.
Content:
1. Cylindrical Drum Belt
2. Temp: 140C
3. Threading Length: 30 Mt
Cooling Zone: After that fabric passed through cold water containing two cylinder rollers.
This is carried out to avoid over heating of fabric.
Contain:
1. Cold Water Containing Two rollers
Outlet Section: After cooling fabric is outleted here. Here fabric is collected on the trolley
for final visual checking. Here batching will not be produced.
Content:
1. Series of roller
FOLDING DEPARTMENT
OBJECTIVE:
Folding is done to do-
1. Fault Checking
2. Fault Removing
3. Grouping
4. Sampling
5. Final Packing
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MACHINES USED:
ALMAC INSPECTION MACHINE (VADODARA INDIA)
No of Machine: Seven machines
MAPPING MACHINE (ALMAC, VADODARA, INDIA)

No of machine: One machine
REPROCESSING MACHINE
No of Machine: One machine
PACKING MACHINE (PENGUIN MACHINE, COIMBATORE, INDIA)

No of machine: Two machines
FLOW OF PROCESS
Inlet Section
Inspection Zone
Rolling Zone
DIFFERENT PARAMETER USED IN MACHINE
Inlet section: Here finished fabric is inleted from the trolley.
Contain:
1. Tension Roller
2. Feed Roller
3. Guide Roller
Inspection zone: Here fault is analyzed & removed. According to the type of fault present on
the fabric, a grade is given to the fabric.
A-Grade: It is the grading of almost faultless fabric & length of fabric should be greater than
20 Mt. As-Grade: It is similar to A-Grade fabric but its length varies between 10-19 Mt
B-Grade: This fabric consists of fault, high twist etc.
C-Grade: This fabric is minorly rejected. The length of this fabric is generally 10 Mt above.
D-Grade: This fabric is totally rejected.
Content:
A series of roller
A light Source
Rolling section:
Here fabric is rolled over a roller by same direction motion of two ere fabric width is sensed
by the rollers. Here fabric width is sensed by the use of two sensors.
Contain:
1. Series of Roller
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Mapping section:
Here batch will be inleted & batch will be outleted. Here fabric winding is not done. Here at
first fabric will be inleted & then fabric will be inspected & then it will be outleted in batch
form.
Reprocessing zone:
It is used for unwinding the roll. If faults are presents in the roll fabric then this roll
will be fed in this machine
.
Packaging machine:
Here first fabric roll is fed & then plastic coating is given to the fabric.
FLOW OF PROCESS
Inlet Section
Working Zone
Outlet Section
Inlet section: Plastic covered fabric is fed here.
Working zone: Extra plastic coating is given to the plastic covered fabric. For this process
fabrics outer surface became smooth & glossy.
Outlet section: Fully covered fabric roller is got here.
OTHER IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF FOLDING:
A. GROUPING
OBJECTIVE:
To check the shade variation from center to selvedge of the final produced fabric.
Classify the sample in different groups according to the tone of color of the final.
PROCESS:
Determining of center to selvedge shade variation: Here first a sample of finally
produced fabric is taken. Then the sample is cut to 4 equal pieces.
Original Full Width Patti.

Selvedge(1) Centre(2) Centre(3) Selvedge(4)
After CS Stitch Full Width Patti.

Centre(3) Selvedge(1) Selvedge(4) Centre(2)
32 | P a g e
So after stitching centre to selvedge shade variation is observed using measuring light.
1) Classification of the sample in groups according to the tone of color
Example: actual sample: Brown (Red tone )
Three fabric are given
Brown (red tone)
Brown (green tone)
Light brown
After Grouping
Brown (Red tone) Group-1
Brown (Green tone) Group-2
Light Brown Group-3
B. SAMPLING
Different tone of one color is produced in processing. To give the better idea about the final
sample to the customer, a data sheet containing different color tone is made that is called
sampling. Generally three types of samples are used.
Hanger
Swatch
Yardage
If customer demands then small peace is cut from the final produced fabric & is delivered.
SOME SPECIAL TERM

Four point system
If 0-3 inch fault present in the fabric then 1 point is given.
If 3 -6 inch fault present in the fabric then 2 point is given.
If 6-9 inch fault present in the fabric then 3 point is given.
If 9 inch -1mt fault present in the full warp & weft fabric then 4 point is given.
LIST OF FAULTS
SPINNING FAULTS MIDDEW
UNEVEN WEFT OILY STAIN
UNEVEN WARP GAIT
COARSER WEFT SLACK/STRETCH YARN
COARSER WARP DOUBLE END
SLAB OILE WEFT
FINE WARP DISTORTION
SLAB WEFT MISSING END
WEFT BAR SIZE PATCHES
NEPS FURY
CONTAMINATION FLUTING END
COUNT VARIATION TENSION MARK
KNOT
WEAVING FAULTS FILAMENTION/REPTURE
UNTWISTED WEFT WRONG DENTING
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UNTWISTED WARP
STARTING MARK PROCESSING FAULTS
CRACK SHADE VARIATION
PATTI ABRATION
CHIRAC COLOR WARP PATTI
TEMPLE MARK COLOR WEFT PATTI
WRONG DRAWING RUBBER IMP RATION
FEED MARK FLUFF STAIN
MENDING STOPPAGE MARK
SNARL HANDLING STAIN
HOLE WATER MARK
Q.A. LAB (QUALITY ASSURANCE LABORATORY)

Three types of tests are conducted here, mainly:
ISO International Standard Organization
M & SC Marc and Spencer
AATCC American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
It consist of three different laboratories named

Physical lab
Chemical lab
Dyeing lab
PHYSICAL LAB
NAME AND FUNCTION OF LABORATORIES MACHINES
Machine Name : Tensile Tester
Manufacturer : James H. Heal (England)
Method : ASTMD-5034
Sample Size : 10cm 15cm
Speed : 300mm/min
Function : To detect the tensile strength
Machine Name : Stretch, Growth and Recovery Tester.

Method : ASTMD-3107
Sample Size : 2inch 22inch
Function : To check the Stretch Growth and recovery property. It mainly used for lycra.
Machine Name : Weighing balance
Function : It helps to weigh the sample
Machine Name : Digital Tear Tester

Method : ASTMD-1424
Sample Size : 100mm 63mm
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Function : It checks the strength of the fabric.
Machine Name : Abrasion & Pilling Tester

Manufacturer : James H. Heal & co. Ltd. (England)
Method : ASTMD-4966
Sample Size : 38mm diameter
Function : It helps to check the abrasion resistance and pilling , Forming probability of the
fabric.
Rotation : 20,000 rounds for bottom 16,000 rounds for Shirting
Machine Name : Crocking Tester

Method : AATCC8
Function : It helps to check the rubbing fastness.
Machine Name : GSM Cutter.

Method : ASTMD-3775
Sample Size : 11.3 cm diameter
Function : It helps to get the weight of an entire fabric
Machine Name : Contact Heat Tester.

Sample Size : 2cm10 cm
Temp : 180C-210C
Time : 30 Sec
Function : It helps to get the fastness of P/C blend in heat.
Machine Name : Light Fastness Tester

Sample Size : 20 mm
No of Cards : 18
No of Plates : 9
No of Sample : 90
Humidity : 35%
Chamber Temp : 44C
R.P.M : 5
Time : 22-24 Hours
Function : It helps to check the light fastness at dyed fabric.
Conditioning
Rack : Here the sample is kept for few minutes before And after testing.
Machine Name : Perspirometer.

Method : AATCC15
Sample Size : 4cm10cm
Chemicals used : 1) Common salt 10g/l
2) Sodium di-ortho phosphate 1 g/l
3) Alhistadine .25g/l
4) Lactic Acid 1 g/l
PH : 4.3
Temp : 37C
Function : It helps to check Color fastness due to perspiration.
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Machine name : Wash Fastness Tester
Sample size : 5 cm 15 cm
Detergent used : 1.5gm/m (AATCC Soap)
Temp : 49
No of Steel Ball : 50
Function : It helps to check the wash fastness of dyed fabric
Machine name : Water Fastness Tester

Method : AATCC10
Sample Size : 5.7 cm 5.7 cm
Temp : 37C
Time : 4 Hours
Function : It helps to check the water fastness of the fabric.
CHEMICAL LAB
Here the effectiveness and perfect ratio and proportion at a particular chemical is tested here.
Machine used:
INNOLAB Machine.
Hot Plate
pH Meter
Weighing Balance
DYEING LAB
First of all customer give the sample then four samples are made in different four chemicals.
After that four samples compare with customers sample. That sample which is
approximately same as customers sample that samples chemical are chosen.
E- CONTROL MACHINE
MANUFACTURER MATHIS, SWITZERLAND
No. of machine is 1
Standard Sample Size : 6inch 12inch
Air Temperature : 120C
Humidity : 30%
Surface Temperature
of the Fabric : 118C
Fan Speed : 1200 R.P.M
PADDING MANGLE MACHINE
No. of machine is 1
Standard Sample Size : 6inch 12inch
36 | P a g e
Total Solution : 100 ml
Mangle Pressure : 2 Bar
Machine Speed : 2Mt/Min
I/R DRYER MACHINE
IR : OFF
No. of machine is 1
Standard Sample Size : Width 6 inch
Width 12 inch
Air Temperature : 140C
Fan Speed : 1000 R.P.M
Fabric Speed : 0.3 Mt/ Min for Bottom
0.4 Mt/ Min for Shirting
PAD STEAMER
No. of machine is 1
Mangle Pressure : 0.8 Bar
Speed : For Vat/Disperse 3.75 Mt/Min
For Reactive 3 Mt/Min
Chamber Temperature : 100C
Total Threading Length: 18 Mt
Washer Temperature Pressure Oxidation Soaping Neutralization

Vat/Disperse Reactive
1 Cold Water Cold water 2 Bar
2 60 95 2 Bar Vat/Disperse
3 95 95 2 Bar Reactive
4 95 95 2 Bar Vat/Disperse
5 95 Cold water 2 Bar Reactive
6 Cold water Cold water 2 Bar Vat/Disperse
Auto dispenser
For required shade preparation.
Capacity 96 Jars
PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL

The contract is sent to the PPC department. Then P.P.C. plans the production against the
contract send. Contract number is clearly mentioned on the contract. Contract has the exact
quantity, quality, delivery date and rates. Which is signed by the M.D. PPC will first make
the folio and add it to concern marketing head folio file. Then production programme is
37 | P a g e
fabric made for the entire four departments. Production programme is a very important report
which has the full information of the fabric to be processed. Following things are mentioned
of the production programme.
Date of execution of the contract

Delivery Date
Quality Number
Construction
Weave
Quantity
Packing Instructions
Shade Number
Shade
Finish
Contact Number
P.P.C. Number
Lot Number
Lot number is a number given against the contract number only against this number, grey
fabric can be issued. To get the grey fabric issued from the store Lot number is required.
P.P.C. number is the reference number against the particular contract.
Lot Cord:
Lot card is again a very important document for the production department. The following
things are mentioned.
Lot No.
P.P.C. No.
Grey Information (Sort No., construction, finish width, weight, supplier name)
Product Information (Party Name, Ordered Qty., Delivery date, Order Quality, No. of
shades).
Proces Information (Planned date, Delivered Date, Process, Steps, Article no.)
Article No.:
Article number defines the process route of the fabric. The article no. has 7 digits and each
digit has its own meaning.
EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

The Waste water that comes out of the industry cannot be directly dumped into river or any
other place, as it contains a large number of harmful chemicals and hazardous elements
which are dangerous to human, animal and plants as well.
So, this harmful water is needed to be treated prior to be dumped.
38 | P a g e
Effluent Treatment Plant is one of such remedy for treating this water. The Plant for this unit
is based on biological treatment of the effluent. The capacity of the plant is 4500 metric cube
per day. The plant is based on the Water Treatment Technology (WTT) Italy.
FLOW PROCESS OF ETP
HOMOGENOUS
BIO LIFTING
SUMP WATER FILTER & EQUIVILATION
TANK
TANK
CLEARIFIER SEDIMENTATION OXIDATION

COOLIG TOWER
TANK TANK TANK
The Water from the industry is first of all drained into Sump. In this part there is filter which
prohibits the solid particals to pass into further stage.
Then there is water filter (Unardon S.N.C based on Biela Italy). This part helps in lifting the
water from the sump and filter it. The Speed of the pump is 100 Kl/Hr.
The Third stage is Homogenous & Equivilation Tank which has diffusers in between it which
releases the air into the water to provide oxygen to it also to cool down the temperature. It has
a large hole in it.
The fourth stage of ETP is the Bio lifting Tank. It also have pump in it which lifts the water
and send it to the cooling tower to lower the temperature. If in case the water is not cooled it
will cause damage to bacteria leading them to die.
The fifth stage is cooling Tower which is responsible for lowering the temperature by 10-15
degrees.
The sixth stage is the Oxidation Tank which is the most important part of the whole process.
In this tank water is kept on rotation and the whole procedure takes about 90 hours.
The seventh stage is the sedimentation tank, the overflow water from the oxidation tank
comes in this tank.
k
The last stage is the clarifier tank, the principal of working of this part is like the fountain, the
water goes upside down and due to which the clear water is collected and heavier particles
settle down which are scrapped of the surface by the pallet rotating at speed of one revolution
every 45 mins.
The sludge collected if any is sent to the sludge thickener which in turn is send to the
oxidation tank to reprocess.
39 | P a g e
PROBLEMS FACED IN THE ETP:
Bad smell of the water.
Ratio or quantity of the bacteria lacking.
Improper growth of the bacteria.
REMEDIES:
The growth of the bacteria is needed to be regulated.
By decreasing the flow of the water.
By providing the air so that Bacteria can be grown.
Data from the ETP

PARAMETERS STD HOMO OXIDATION FINAL
pH 9.0 10.2 8.7 8.5

TDS(ppm) 2100 2563 2369 2120
MLSS(ppm) 600 - 7000 -
COD(ppm) 250 1540 - 164
BOD(ppm) 100 N/A - 60
TSS(ppm) 100 N/A - 84
DO(ppm) 4.0 N/A 3.7 3.5
Temp. Amb 47.6 42.8 38.5
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PROJECT REPORT
Acknowledgement
First of all, we would like to extend my sincere thanks to NAHAR
INDUTRIAL ENTERPRISES: NAHAR FABRICS PROCESSING UNIT 2
for extending all their resources cooperatively to carry out our summer training
project work with their organization.
Our thanks are due to Mr S S Basu GM Nahar Fabrics, Mr. J. L. Verma Senior
HR, Mrs. Ritu Executive HR for facilitating my Summer training.
Our training would have been woefully inadequate without the devoted
guidance and mentorship of Mr Arnab Ghosh (HOD Dyeing), for not only
guiding our project but also enhancing our experience with the richness of his
experience during the entire course of the project.
We would like to thank to the Head of Training and Placement centre, Dr. B. R.
Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar for providing us the
opportunity to pursue our summer training at Nahar Fabrics Lalru.
41 | P a g e
Title of the Project:
Analysis and Establishment of Lab to Bulk parameters.
INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

The project was carried out in the dyeing department in the premises of NAHAR
INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRIZES LTD- NAHAR FABRICS PROCESSING UNIT 2. The
project was to set the parameters of lab machineries in order to match the shade of the
specimen produced in the lab and the fabric dyed in the bulk till the end of the processing of
the single batch.
DETAILS OF THE PROJECT

NIEL wanted to Set Lab to Bulk in PDPS Process and E-control process.
Various shades were matched in lab and taken into bulk in PDPS Process and E-
control process.
Lab working parameters are also required by NIEL.
PREPARATION OF BULK RECIPE AND DLC

The recipe for a particular shade is produced according to the customers demand. The
customer provides the L.a.b. value for the required shade or provides a sample of the same.
So, according to that, the recipe for that particular shade is produced in the lab, and a sample
is padded and steamed in the lab and matched with the customers demand on the existing lab
parameters. Then this recipe is given in tank area to prepare colour in tank for bulk
production according to amount of fabric. Then colour is taken from tank and final Dye
Liquor Confirmation (DLC) is taken. Then fabric is padded in pad dry machine and
developed in pad steamer and then fabric sample is taken and checked with DLC.
APPROACH
Various shades were analysed by collecting the RFD (Ready For Dyeing) from the bulk and
then padding them in the lab on the existing lab parameters. Samples were dyed by following
different processes i.e. Reactive E- Control and Reactive PDPS and match with bulk after pad
steam. The dye liquor was taken from dyeing tank area and a DLC is padded on the existing
lab parameters. The results were analysed by the help of CCM report. The observations were
noted.
PAD-DRY M/C (BULK)
Machine Parameters (Pad Dry- Beninnger)

Speed (Mt./Min) 40
Pressure (Set) (N/mm) 25-30, 25-30, 25-30
Trough Temperature (Actual) (0 C) 39
Trough Temperature (Set) 20-25
Trough pH 6.8
Trough Level (Liter) 22
Trough Level (Set) mm 250
Trough Level (Act) mm (249- 253)
Trough pH 6.07
I.R Temperature (0C) 850
Dryer Temperature (0C) (Set) 110,120,130
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Dryer Temperature (0C) (Act) 110,119,128
Blower (%) (Set) 50,70,90
Blower (%) (Act) 50,70,90
Exhaust (%) (Set) 80,80,80
Exhaust (%) (Act) 80,80,80
Humidity for E-Control (%) 30, 30, 30
PAD STEAM (REACTIVE PDPS)
Machine Parameters (Beninnger-Pad Steam)

Speed (m/min.) 60
Pressure (N/mm) 20,20,20
Trough Level (Set) mm 350
Trough Level (Act) 350
Common Salt (GPL) 250
Soda Ash (GPL) 20
Caustic Lye (48%) (GPL) 15
Resist Salt (GPL) 5
Speed (m/min.) 50
0
Steamer Roof Temperature ( C) 120
Steamer Temperature (0C) 100
Steaming time (Sec) 72
Water Lock Temperature (Set) (0C) 40
Water Lock Temperature (Act) (0C) 45
WASHING PROCESS
Washing Sequence (PDPS)
Sr. No. Temp (Set) Temp(Act) Water Flow Dosing
M17 40C 55C 1.0 lit/Kg

M18 40C 50C 1.0 lit/kg
M19 60C 73C ---
M20 70C 83C ---
M21 90C 90C 1 lit/kg
M22 90C 90C --- Dekol Disperse SNS- 90 ml/Kg
M23 90C 90C 1.0 lit/kg
M24 60C 62C 1.0 lit/kg Neutralisation- pH (5.00)
M25 60C 60C 1.0 lit/kg
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Washing Sequence (E-Control)
Sr. No. Temp (Set) Water Flow Dosing
M14 40C ---

M15 40C 6.0 lit/kg
M16.1 70C ---
M16.2 95C ---
M17 95C 8 lit/kg
M18 95C ---
M19 95C 0.6 lit/kg Soap dosing
M20 80C manually valve
M21 60C 0.6 lit/kg Acetic Acid pH 3.5
MACHINE DETAILS IN LABORATORY
Laboratory Padder (Mathis)

Parameters Existing Settings
Pressure (Bar) 3.00
Speed (Mt./Min.) 3.00
Lab Pad Dry (Mathis)

Parameters Existing settings
Temp. (Deg. C) 140.0
IR Off
Speed (Mt./Min.) 0.3 (Bottoms), 0.4 (Shirting)
Dwell Time (Sec) 104
Fan Speed (RPM) 1000
Lab Pad Steam (Mathis)

Parameters Existing settings
Temp. (Deg. C) 100.00
Pressure ( Bar) 2
Speed (Mt./Min.) 3
Dwell Time (Sec.) 60
Pad Steam- Washer

Chamber 1 RT Cold Wash
Chamber 2 95C Hot Wash
Chamber 3 Temperature is not maintaining
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Chamber 4 By pass Dekol Disperse SNS - 24 ml in 12 lit
Chamber 5 95C Hot Wash
Chamber 6 RT IG Surf- 0.5 gpl
BULK RECIPES E-CONTROL PROCESS
Recipe
Shade
Sr. No. Shade Code
Name Dosage
Product Name
(GPL)
Rem Ut Yellow RGBN 22.390
1 Olive 2373974 B Rt Red RGB 5.660
Rem Grey RGB 20.060
2 Black 2349017 Rem Navy RGB 3.000
JK Balck CE(N) 80.000
BULK RECIPES OF REACTIVE PDPS PROCESS
Recipe
Shade
Sr. No. Shade Code
Name Dosage
Product Name
(GPL)
NOVACRON Yellow EC-RG 6.400
1 Olive 2375581 C NOVACRON Red EC-2BL 3.976
NOVACRON Blue EC-GC 6.776
Syn Yellow KHL 1.570
2 Grey 2288897 Syn Red KHL 1.810
Syn Grey KHL 12.450
NOVACRON Yellow S-3R 0.310
3 Vintage Blue 2266066 NOVACRON Red EC-2BL 3.550
NOVACRON Blue CD 14.150
4 Yellow 21812121 Syn Yellow KHL 3.810
45 | P a g e
Syn Red KHL 1.300
Syn Blue KHL 1.210
NOVACRON Orange EC-3R 8.640
5 Deer 2231023 NOVACRON Deep Red-EC-D 5.050
NOVACRON Blue EC-R 2.160
6 Light Brown 21812124 Syn Red KHL 1.680
Syn Blue KHL 1.320
7 Khaki 23812314 C Syn Red KHL 5.800
Syn Blue KHL 5.800
NOVACRON Yellow S-3R 13.670
8 Deep Rust 2341985 NOVACRON Deep Red-EC-D 12.650
NOVACRON Blue C-D 7.040
9 Dark Olive 2374488 Rem Un Cor RGB 6.637
Rem Navy RGB 13.377
Rem ut yellow RGBN 6.60
10 Green 2375558 Lev Blue CA 6.50
NOV Brill Blue 7.00
46 | P a g e
CCM RESULTS
Lab to Bulk (E-Control)
CCM Results (Bulk sample as Standard) PDPS Shades

Shade Name
Samples DL Da Db DC DH DE
Olive DLC (P-3, S-3) 0.45 0.18 0.26 0.21 0.23 0.45
Black DLC (P-3, S-3) 0.73 -0.25 -0.25 -0.28 -0.22 0.88
Lab to Bulk (PDPS)

Shade Name
Olive DLC (P-3, S-3) -0.81 0.05 -0.21 -0.21 -0.03 0.48
Grey DLC (P-3, S-3) -1.19 -0.46 0.09 -0.29 -0.37 0.91
Vintage Blue DLC (P-3, S-3) 0.63 -0.11 0.29 -0.28 -0.13 0.41
Yellow DLC (P-3, S-3) -0.99 0.07 0.13 0.14 -0.05 0.42
Deer DLC (P-3, S-3) -0.25 -0.82 0.04 -0.63 0.53 0.57
Light Brown DLC (P-3, S-3) 0.86 0.29 0.26 0.35 0.19 0.52
Khaki DLC (P-3, S-3) 0.26 0.53 -0.32 -0.14 -0.60 0.87
Deep Rust DLC (P-3, S-3) 0.12 -0.25 0.64 0.06 0.69 0.71
Dark Olive DLC (P-3, S-3) 1.89 -0.13 0.03 0.00 0.14 1.09
Green DLC (P-3, S-3) 0.41 0.46 0.68 -0.42 -0.70 0.73
47 | P a g e
OBSERVATIONS
The samples that were padded on the existing parameters for various processes were analyzed
through Computer Color Matching (CCM).
It was observed that for the process of reactive E-Control there is very less or negligible
variation between the bulk and the DLC padded with the existing lab parameters.
Also, in the process of reactive PDPS, the existing lab parameters are correct for light shades
but for the dark shades the existing lab parameters show a remarkable variation in the shades
between the bulk and DLC.
It was found that the shade in the bulk was lighter than that of the prepared DLC.
So, for the Reactive E-Control and for the light shades in the Reactive PDPS, process the
existing lab parameters were fixed.
Now, for the dark shades, the lab parameters are to be manipulated. So, it was done by
padding the DLC at constant speed and different pressures. To compensate the light shade in
the bulk the pressure of padding in the lab has to be greater than existing pressure.
For this the samples were padded on following pressure:-

3.2 bar
3.5 bar
3.8 bar
4 bar
BULK RECIPES OF REACTIVE PDPS PROCESS
Recipe
Shade
Sr. No. Shade Code
Name Dosage
Product Name
(GPL)
Oyster
1 22812385 Syn Red KHL 5.310
Taupe
Syn Blue KHL 6.960
2 390 + TCX 2399070 A Syn Red KHL 8.500
Syn Blue KHL 14.500
3 Khaki 22812335 Syn Red KHL 3.700
Syn Blue KHL 3.000
48 | P a g e
Ciba Red TS3B 4.670
4 Black Jack 2398679 B Ciba Blue TSGC 12.570
Ciba Super Black G 50.920
CCM RESULTS
Shade Name
DLC (P-3.3, S-3) -1.68 0.72 -0.25 0.00 -0.76 1.49
DLC (P-3.2, S-3) -1.49 0.61 -0.21 -0.01 -0.64 1.29
Oyester Taupe DLC (P-3.5, S-3) -1.14 0.61 -0.20 0.00 -0.65 1.18
DLC (P-3.8, S-3) 0.23 0.48 -0.04 0.11 0.47 0.74
DLC (P-4, S-3) 0.00 0.56 -0.09 0.09 -0.56 0.8
DLC (P-3., S-3) -3.06 1.08 0.38 -0.52 1.02 2.35
DLC (P-3.2, S-3) -2.17 0.99 0.36 -0.50 0.93 1.88
390 + TCX DLC (P-3.5, S-3) 0.84 0.82 0.09 -0.23 0.79 1.18
DLC (P-3.8, S-3) 0.19 0.62 -0.22 0.09 0.65 0.86
DLC (P-4, S-3) -0.43 0.74 0.04 -0.18 0.72 1.00
DLC (P-3., S-3) -0.57 0.29 -1.22 -1.07 -0.66 1.05
DLC (P-3.2, S-3) -1.43 0.38 -1.03 -0.86 -0.68 1.19
Khaki DLC (P-3.5, S-3) -1.42 0.13 -1.01 -0.92 -0.43 1.01
DLC (P-3.8, S-3) -0.64 0.60 -1.14 -0.89 -0.93 1.29
DLC (P-4, S-3) -0.07 0.30 -1.18 -1.03 -0.65 1.00
Black Jack DLC (P-3., S-3) 1.56 -0.06 0.14 -0.16 -0.01 1.54
49 | P a g e
DLC (P-3.2, S-3) 1.42 0.06 0.14 -0.11 0.1 1.40
DLC (P-3.5, S-3) 1.28 0.12 0.07 -0.02 0.14 1.27
DLC (P-3.8, S-3) 1.19 0.07 0.19 -0.15 0.13 1.20
DLC (P-4, S-3) 1.26 -0.05 -0.08 0.06 -0.07 1.24
CONCLUSION
1. The lab parameter for dark shades were optimized at speed = 3 m/min and
pressure = 4 bar.
2. For most of the samples this condition showed the minimum DE value.
OTHER OBSERVATIONS
1. Due to problem in different dye stuffs, the same lab parameters may not be valid
2. For KHL dye stuffs the red color has low substantivity, and during the process of
fixation of dye in pad steam machine the red color gets washed out for the bulk
fabric. So the tone of the DLC does not match with the bulk.
3. There is problem of repeatability of shade in the lab. The samples processed with
same parameters give different results.
4. Speedometer of Lab Padder is not working properly. Speed is adjusted via
Tachometer & it is used accordingly. It should be corrected for proper speed
adjustment & better shade re-producibility.
5. The chamber 4 of the steamer in the lab is by passed and chamber 3 has no
temperature sensor.
6. Padding is done manually in the lab and the results vary from person to person.
7. There is steam leakage in the Hot Flew 1 machine.
8. The temperature of the water lock in the pad steam machine is not maintained
properly.
9. The holes of IR dryer in Hot Flue 1 machine are clogged.
50 | P a g e
Title of the Project
Analysis of depth of various shades of specimen in Lab to Bulk parameters in Finishing
Process.
INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

The project was carried out in the Finishing Department in the premises of NAHAR
INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRIZES LTD- NAHAR FABRICS PROCESSING UNIT 2. The
project was to set the parameters of lab machineries in order to match the depth of shade of
the specimen produced in the lab and the fabric finished in the bulk till the end of the
processing of the single batch.
DETAILS OF THE PROJECT

NIEL wanted to Set Lab to Bulk of Stenter machine in finishing process.
Various shades were matched in lab and taken into bulk of Stenter machine in
finishing process.
Lab working parameters are also required by NIEL.
APPROACH
Different samples were analysed after padding the unfinished samples on different
parameters in the lab. The unfinished sample was taken from the bulk after the process of pad
steam. Out of that piece of fabric 5 strips were cut. The finish chemical was taken from taken
from the tank area, which is produced for the bulk padding. The five strips were padded at
five different parameters keeping the speed constant at 2 m/min and following pressures:
2 bar
2.5 bar
3 bar
3.5 bar
4 bar
After drying the padded samples, they were analysed by the help of CCM report.
STENTER MACHINE (BULK)
MACHINE PROCESS PRODUCT TEMPERATURE SPEED WIDTH

NAME (oC) (Mt/Min)
FINISHING/ DYED 160+/-10 50+/-10 STD+/-2
STRETCHING CM
RFD/WHITE 130+/-10 50+/-10 STD+/-2
CM
STENTER-1
HEAT- P/C 200+/-10 40+/-10 STD+/-2
SETTING CM
LYCRA 190+/-5 30+/-10 STD+/-2
CM
51 | P a g e
MACHINE PROCESS PRODUCT TEMPERATURE SPEED WIDTH
o
NAME ( C) (Mt/Min)
FINISHING/ DYED 150+/-10 70+/-10 STD+/-2
STRETCHING CM
RFD/WHITE 130+/-10 70+/-10 STD+/-2
CM
STENTER-2
HEAT- P/C 200+/-10 50+/-10 STD+/-2
SETTING CM
LYCRA 190+/-5 30+/-10 STD+/-2
CM
SHRINKAGE MACHINE
TEMPERATURE(OC)
PROCESS PRODUCT RUBBER PALMER SPEED(mt/min) WIDTH(cm)
UNIT UNIT
DYED 130+/-5 135+/-5 60+/10 STD+/-2 CM
SHRINKAGE
RFD/WHITE 120+/-5 125+/-5 60+/10 STD+/-2 CM
BULK RECIPES OF FINISBING PROCESS
Recipe
Sr. No. Shade Name Shade Code
Product Name Dosage (GPL)
HD 10
1 Green 2373260 RF 5
FINOFIX 15
HD 30
SMU 5
2 Olive 2375445
CIBA PEACH 15
FINOFIX 20
LINI 15
I 10
3 Olive 3271325
RF 15
FINOFIX 10
52 | P a g e
HD 15
NMW 10
4 Grey 2391792 UREA 60
FINOFIX 15
MB-EXTRA 15
LINI 15
5 Grey 2274572 NMW 10
FINOFIX 10
HD 15
NMW 10
6 Dark Grey 2391792 UREA 60
FINOFIX 15
MB-EXTRA 15
LINI 15
7 Deer 2231023 NMW 10
T 5
HD 20
RF 5
8 Dark Khaki 2389480
ACID 0.5
FINOFIX 15
LIN 22
9 Deep Rust 2342276 I 15
RF 22
53 | P a g e
CCM RESULTS
Shade Name
(P-2, S-2) 0.03 0.04 -0.01 -0.01 -0.04 0.06
(P-2.5, S-2) 0.56 0.10 0.02 0.03 -0.10 0.43
Green (P-3, S-2) 0.54 0.10 -0.04 -0.03 -0.10 0.42
(P-3.5, S-2) 0.33 0.05 -0.03 -0.03 -0.05 0.25
(P-4, S-2) 0.56 0.13 -0.03 -0.02 -0.14 0.45
(P-2, S-2) -0.41 0.09 0.11 0.06 -0.13 0.28
(P-2.5, S-2) -0.46 0.19 0.43 0.31 -0.35 0.58
Olive (P-3, S-2) -0.46 0.17 0.33 0.23 -0.29 0.49
(P-3.5, S-2) -0.66 0.18 0.15 0.06 -0.23 0.46
(P-4, S-2) -0.39 0.11 0.01 -0.04 -0.10 0.25
(P-2, S-2) -0.60 0.12 0.04 0.02 -0.13 0.34
(P-2.5, S-2) -0.77 0.08 0.02 0.01 -0.08 0.40

U
(P-3, S-2) -0.79 0.06 0.02 0.01 -0.06 0.40
(P-3.5, S-2) -0.22 -0.40 -0.33 -0.25 0.45 0.62
(P-2, S-2) 0.00 -0.06 0.05 -0.03 0.08 0.11
(P-2.5, S-2) -0.10 -0.01 0.09 0.04 0.09 0.16
Dark Grey (P-3, S-2) 0.05 -0.03 -0.10 -0.08 -0.08 0.15
(P-3.5, S-2) 0.00 -0.02 0.11 0.04 0.11 0.16
(P-4, S-2) -0.10 -0.01 0.10 0.04 0.10 0.17
54 | P a g e
(P-2, S-2) 0.35 -0.09 0.01 0.08 -0.03 0.22
(P-2.5, S-2) 0.49 0.01 0.11 -0.03 -0.11 0.29
Grey (P-3, S-2) 0.85 0.00 -0.10 0.04 0.09 0.44
(P-3.5, S-2) 0.17 -0.13 0.21 0.03 -0.20 0.33
(P-4, S-2) 1.53 0.02 -0.20 0.08 0.18 0.18
(P-2, S-2) 0.22 0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.05 0.18
(P-2.5, S-2) -0.17 0.03 0.24 0.24 -0.02 0.34
Dark Grey (P-3, S-2) -0.05 -0.01 0.17 0.17 0.02 0.22
(P-3.5, S-2) -0.16 -0.03 0.17 -0.02 -0.02 0.25
(P-4, S-2) -0.03 0.10 0.31 0.32 -0.38 0.42
(P-2, S-2) -0.86 0.22 0.19 0.29 0.01 0.49
(P-2.5, S-2) -1.43 0.58 0.39 0.70 -0.06 0.84
Deer (P-3, S-2) -1.22 0.43 0.20 0.46 -0.11 0.71
(P-3.5, S-2) -1.67 0.59 0.36 0.69 -0.09 0.97
(P-4, S-2) -1.33 0.50 0.35 0.61 -0.05 0.78
(P-2, S-2) 0.64 -0.06 0.57 0.52 0.24 0.62
(P-2.5, S-2) 0.80 -0.08 0.69 0.62 0.30 0.76
Dark Khaki (P-3, S-2) 0.85 -0.12 0.82 0.73 0.38 0.88
(P-3.5, S-2) 0.34 -0.08 0.39 0.34 0.20 0.42
(P-4, S-2) 1.19 -0.12 0.58 0.51 0.30 0.86
(P-2, S-2) -0.24 0.04 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.23

Deep Rust
(P-2.5, S-2) -0.38 0.02 0.16 0.00 0.16 0.32
55 | P a g e
(P-3, S-2) -0.53 0.12 0.23 0.10 0.24 0.46
(P-3.5, S-2) -0.40 0.21 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.37
(P-4, S-2) -0.52 -0.02 0.18 -0.04 0.17 0.42
CONCLUSION
1. The lab parameter for Finished sample were optimized at speed = 2 m/min and
pressure = 2 bar.
2. For most of the samples this condition showed the minimum DE value.
FINAL STAGE
Recipe
Shade
Sr. No. Shade Code Dosage
Name
Product Name
(GPL)
Rem Ut Orange RGB 7.180
Washed
1 2398916 Rem Red RGB 8.600
Charcoal
Nova Brill Blue CB 14.140

Shade Name
Bulk (Topp + Finishing) -0.00 0.03 -0.35 0.35 -0.04 0.45
Washed Charcoal DLC (P-3, S-3) -0.16 -0.19 0.70 -0.73 -0.04 0.95
DLC (P-4, S-3) 0.34 -0.18 0.50 -0.53 -0.08 0.74
56 | P a g e

Training Report 2

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Preface

Mr. S.S. Basu

Date: 15/07/2015 Place: Lalru, Mohali (Punjab)

2. Dyeing Mr. Arnab Ghosh 29/5/2017

3. Finishing Mr. Anil Tyagi 30/5/2017

4. Folding Mr. Manoj Suyal 31/5/2017

5. QA Mr. Diganta Datta 1/06/2017

6. Project under Mr. Arnab Ghosh 02/06/2017-09/07/2017

7. Pers & IR Mr. J.L. Verma 10/07/2017

Invoice & Dispatch

Combined Scouring & Bleaching

Mercerization Heat Setting

Fabric comes in two forms in greige department viz.:

FIVE THREAD STITCH:

MAKE OF THE STITCHING MACHINE:

MAN POWER ALLOCATION / MACHINE:

GUIDELINE FOR SORTING FRC (FANTS, RAGS ,CHINDI):

INLET VIBRA SINGEING VIBRA OUTLET

DIFFERENT PARAMETERS USED IN THE MACHINE

SOME SPECIAL TERMS:

INLET DESIZING OUTLET BATCHING

DIFFERENT PARAMETER USED IN MACHINE:

C. COMBINED SCOURING & BLEACHING

EXTRACTA WASHER EXTARCTA WASHER VERTICAL DRYING

DIFFERENT PARAMETRE USED IN MACHINE:

Combined scouring & bleaching is done here.

Combination Pretreatment Steamer:

Extracta Washer III

Some Special Term:

Squeezing Pressure 100 kN.

EXTRACTA WASHER EXTARCTA WASHER

EXTRACTA WASHER VERTICAL DRYING

DIFFERENT PARAMETER USED IN MACHINE:

Extracta Washer- III

TOTAL NO. Of M/C: THREE

After peaching, peach wash is done to the fabric.

SOME DIFFERENT PATH WAYS FOR DIFFERENT

Finishing Dyeing Peach wash

P/C Blended D/N

P/C Blended D/P

Finishing Dyeing Peach wash Peach

A. HOT FLEW (Pad Dry)

FLOW OF PROCESS IN HOT FLEW M/C

INLET SECTION IR SECTION DRYING ZONE

BRUSHING UNIT AIRING DEVICE COOLING ZONE

COOLING ZONE PADDING ZONE OUTLET SECTION

Outlet Section: After cooling fabric is outleted here.

SUB STORE (DYEING):

CHEMICAL TANK AERA:

Capacity in Litres No. Of Tanks

M/C PARAMETERS FOR DIFFERENT PROCESSES:

For Bottom GLM 300

FLOW OF PROCESS IN STEAM M/C

INLET SECTION WASHER V WASHER VI

BICOFLEX PADDER WASHER IV WASHER VII OUTLET SECTION

STEAMING ZONE WASHER III WASHER VIII COOLING ZONE

NEUTRALIZATION VERTICAL DRYING

DIFFERENT PARAMETER USED IN MACHINE:

Washer-V: Here simple washing is done.

Washer-VIII: Here simple wash is done.

Outlet Section: After Cooling Fabric is outlated here.

FLOW OF PROCESS OF REACTIVE E CONTROL

PADDING DYE FIXATION WASHING SOAPING

FLOW OF PROCESS OF REACTIVE PDPS