International Journal of Science & Technology

Volume 1, No 2, 83-89, 2006

Adaptability Performances of Some Bread Wheat ( Triticum

aestivum L. ) Genotypes in The Eastern Region of Turkey

Mehmet AYCICEK1 and Telat YILDIRIM2

1
Frat University, Bingl Trade College, Programme of Field Crops, Bingl, TURKEY.
2
Eastern Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute, Erzurum, TURKEY.
maycicek@firat.edu.tr
(Received: 20. 10. 2006; Accepted: 27.12. 2006)

Abstract: With the trials conducted in two locations and over two years, the adaptation and stability statistics
of 20 bread wheat genotypes were estimated for yield performances. Regression coefficient, mean squares of
deviation from regression and determination coefficients were estimated. All the genotypes were found stable
for their traits of plant densitity and days to heading. There were differences in stability performances among the
genotypes for the traits of plant height, grain numbers spike-1, grain weight spike-1, 1000 kernels weight and
grain yield. The unstability for plant height and grain weight spike-1 among the genotypes were originated from
the mean squares of deviation from regression; for the other traits it was resulted from not only the mean
squares of deviation from regression but also from the differences among regression coefficients of genotypes.
Keywords: Bread wheat, yield, yield components, genotype x environment interaction, adaptation and stability.

Baz Ekmeklik Buday Genotiplerinin( Triticum aestivum L. )Trkiyenin

Dou Blgesindeki Adaptasyon Performanslar

zet: ki yl ve iki lokasyon zerinden yrtlen denemelerle 20 adet ekmeklik buday genotipinin verim
performanslarna ait adaptasyon ve stabilite istatistikleri belirlenmeye allmtr. Regresyon katsays,
regresyondan sapmalar kareler ortalamas ve belirleme katsays deerleri tahminlenmitir. Tm genotipler bitki
skl ve baaklanma sreleri bakmndan stabil bulunmulardr. Genotipler arasnda bitki boyu, baakta tane
says, baakta tane arl, 1000 tane arl ve tane veriminde stabilite yetenekleri ynnden farkllklar
bulunmutur. Stabil olmama durumu bitki boyu ve baakta tane arlnda regresyondan sapmalar kareler
ortalamasndan; dier zelliklerde ise yalnzca regresyondan sapmalar kareler ortalamasndan deil ayn
zamanda genotiplerin regresyon katsaylar arasndaki farkllktan kaynaklanmtr.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Ekmeklik buday, verim, verim komponentleri, genotip x evre etkileimi, adaptasyon
ve stabilite.

1. Introduction

Wheat has an important place in 350 mm to 550 mm and monthly average

nourishment of people all over the world. It is
necessary to increase wheat production to
remove nourishment needs of the excessive
population. Borlaug and Dowswell [1] estimated
that global wheat production must increase by 40
% by 2020 to meet the rising demand for wheat
grain. Nevertheless, the areas sown to wheat
under the effects of different stress conditions,
especially drought and temperature [2, 3].
The region of Eastern Anatolia consists of 9 %
area sown to cereals in Turkey. Wheat grain
yield with 120 kg da-1 in the region is lower
than the country average of 210 kg da-1. The
wheat area in the region ranges in rainfall from
temperature from 6 to 15 oC with the altitude
over 1200 meters. Farmers generally prefer the
local wheat genotypes providing better yield
stability, despite lower yield potential than the
most modern cultivars. Local genotypes - Krik
and Tir - takes a share of 70 % in the area sown
to wheat in the region.
In order to increase total production,
while new wheat cultivars are developed by the
breeders, on the other hand these new cultivars
are tested for their yield performances in the
different locations. The success of a new
wheat variety depends upon its yield and
adaptation potential in those locations. The
 M. Ayiek and T. Yldrm

wheat cultivars with high and stable yield are
highly esteemed by both farmers and breeders
[4].
Genotype x environment interactions are
of major importance, because they provide
information about the effect of different
environments on cultivar performance and have
a key role for assessment of performance
stability of the breeding materials [5]. Stable
genotypes have the same reactions over the
environments. Most favourable stability occurs
with high yield or performance [6]. Increasing
genetic gains in yield is possible in part from
narrowing the adaptation of cultivars, thus
maximizing yield in particular areas by
exploiting genotype x environment interaction
[7].
The aim of this study is to determine
high-yielding and stable wheat cultivars or lines,
with the trials conducted in two locations during
1999 to 2001.
Thus, the yield production and income of
the farmers in the region will increase. Genetic
resources forming the genetic base are the lines
obtained from the segregating generations in the
Regional Research Institute of Eastern
Anatolian, indigoneus or exotic. Two of local
varieties and five of commercial varieties were
used as control.
2. Material and Method
The experiments were conducted two
consecutive growing years (1999-2000 and
2000-2001) at the research plots at Pasinler and
Ilca locations of Erzurum Province Center (39
55 North, 41 16 East), with 1680 m and 1812
m above sea levels, respectively.
The soil was clay-silt, slightly alkaline
(pH=7,8 and 7,7), rich in potassium (23.5 and
26.9 kg da-1), medium in phosphorus (5.17 and
2.29 kg da-1) and containing low organic matter
(1,23 and 0,85 %) in Pasinler and Ilca locations,
respectively. In Erzurum long-term average total
precipitation is 389,9 mm year-1, mean
temperature for the whole year is 4,0C, and
relative humidity is 67 %. Precipitation during
the experiments growing period for 1999-2000
and 2000-2001 was 238,8 mm and 364,5 mm in
Ilca and 279,8 mm and 330,9 mm in Pasinler
(Table 1).

Table 1. Monthly mean temperature, rainfall and relative humidity in experiment years.
ILICA PASNLER
MONTHS

1999-2000 2000-2001 1999-2000 2000-2001

Temp. Rainfal Rel. Temp. Rainfall Rel. Temp. Rainfall Rel. Temp. Rainfall Rel.
(oC) l Humidity (oC) (mm) Humidity (oC) (mm) Humidity (oC) (mm) Humidit
(mm) (%) (%) (%) y
(%)
Sept. 15.4 35.0 49.5 14.2 30.5 46.6 15.3 43.0 62.4 16.4 46.7 51.1
Oct. 7.8 9.0 63.0 7.2 41.2 72.0 8.9 11.4 61.6 9.1 58.1 62.5
Nov. 3.6 8.1 76.6 1.3 3.8 70.3 2.9 3.0 64.7 4.1 3.0 59.0
Dec. - 4.8 5.5 79.8 - 4.8 24.0 84.5 - 1.8 9.2 70.9 - 6.2 26.6 80.0
Jan. - 8.5 18.8 76.9 - 11.8 1.0 85.1 - 7.7 22.3 76.9 - 10.8 3.3 75.9
Feb. - 9.3 17.5 77.5 - 5.3 12.0 80.4 - 10.1 26.0 75.2 - 4.6 11.6 78.0
March - 7.9 58.5 80.2 4.7 41.6 70.9 - 5.6 25.3 76.2 6.1 29.8 62.5
April 7.0 35.4 70.4 6.7 95.5 74.9 8.8 38.7 69.3 8.8 63.6 61.5
May 9.8 35.6 63.0 10.0 63.2 68.0 11.9 71.8 63.9 10.6 67.9 61.2
June 14.8 12.4 54.2 15.3 14.8 56.6 17.7 26.9 56.4 17.8 14.5 47.0
July 21.6 3.0 36.4 19.5 36.9 53.9 24.2 2.2 44.0 21.3 5.8 46.3
Total - 238.8 - - 364.5 - - 279.8 - - 330.9 -
Ave. 4.5 - 66.1 5.2 - 69.4 5.9 - 65.6 6.6 - 62.3

Twenty bread wheat genotypes (5 soft winter
wheat lines, 8 red winter wheat lines, 2 local and
5 commercial cultivars) were used as genetic
material in the trials (Table 2). The experiments
were designed in a randomized complete block
with three replications. The plot size was 6 m
84
length with 6 rows and row spacing was 20 cm.
Genotypes were sown at the seed rate of 500
seed m-2 in November and harvested in the first
half of August. Mineral fertilizer was applied at
the rate of 6 kg N and 6 kg P2O5 da-1
.
International Journal of Science & Technology
Volume 1, No 2, 83-89, 2006

Table 2. Bread wheat genotypes used in the experiment.

No Cultivars or lines Pedigree

1 DOU-88 Commercial variety
2 PALANDKEN-97 Commercial variety
3 GEREK-79 Commercial variety
4 KIRK Local variety
5 TR Local variety
6 BVDB-1 F.12.71/COC//BALL
7 BVDB-2 WWY860243/3/SPN//63.189.66.7/BEZ
8 BVDB-3 MLC/4/VPM/MOS951//HILL/3/SPN
9 BVDB-4 NY242-20A-2USA-NY
10 BVDB-5 ABN/JUN
11 KARASU-90 Commercial variety
12 HAWK Commercial variety
13 BVDK-1 KIRA66/SER/4/YMH/TUB//MCD/3/LIRA
14 BVDK-2 PYN/BOW
15 BVDK-3 GRK79/KAUZ//TX1A374 -4/TX71A1039-V
16 BVDK-4 SPN/VEE//SDY/NAC76
17 BVDK-5 CLLF/BEZ//SU92/CI13645/3/NAI60/4/EMU/5/DYBR83-6
18 BVDK-6 SB-285-2
19 BVDK-7 KSB2142
20 BVDK-8 N91L121

Data were recorded on spike number m-2, plant parallel to that of the mean response of all other
height, grain numbers spike-1, grain weight spike- varieties in the trial. Thus, a variety having a b
1
, 1000 kernel weight, heading date and grain 2
value close to 1 and a small Sdi is considered
yield.
The significance of genotypes x stable. In addition, a genotype having b i =1,
2
environment interaction was tested for all traits 2
Sdi =0, ri =1 with the performance better than
in the analysis of variance. Based upon this
the trial mean is considered well-adapted [8-12].
significance three statistics of adaptation and
stability were calculated for the genotypes.
3. Results and Discussion
Regression coefficient [8], and stability
Data belong to investigated traits, as
parameter [9] was computed. According to the
average of two years , two locations and 20
Finlay-Wilkinson and Eberhart-Russel, a stable
genotypes were shown in Table 3
variety is one whose response to environments is
.

Table 3. Data belong to yield components and yield by the average of locations, years and genotypes.
Traits Range Mean

Spike Number M - 2 344- 1613 719

Plant height 50.0- 120.0 83.6
Grain Number Spike-1 35.0- 44.0 40.2
Grain Weight per Spike-1 0.75- 1.39 1.15
1000 Kernel Weight 33.0- 43.1 38.3
Time to Heading 152- 168 162
Grain Yield Decare-1 103- 756 303
 M. Ayiek and T. Yldrm

D.F. Components
Source of Grain 1000
Variation Spike numbers Plant Grain numbers weight kernels Time to
-2 -1 -1
M height spike Spike weight heading Grain yield
Years (Y) 1 3114709.5** 15424.0** 15.5** 0.047* 160.8** 3096.0** 4113139.8**
Locations (L) 1 1458444.5** 53521.0** 3.5 0.929** 41.5** 633.7** 2574874.5**
YxL 1 512358.0** 340.8** 17.6** 0.157** 2.0 395.2** 750513.5**
Blocs 8 6291.4 64.1* 1.5 0.008 2.3 1.1 261.4
Genotypes (G) 19 27862.6* 337.9** 9.7** 0.027** 8.3** 9.4** 8781.0**
YxG 19 19044.3 92.1** 2.8** 0.014* 5.5** 0.9 4927.5**
LxG 19 21368.9 38.9 2.1* 0.008 1.6 1.3 6618.0**
YxLxG 19 19371.9 111.1** 1.7 0.010 3.8** 0.9 3599.1**
Error 152 14783.6 29.5 1.1 0.008 1.6 0.8 1157.1

Table 4. The results of analysis of variance of yield and yield-related traits belong to the bread wheat
genotypes.

The year x genotype, location x
genotype and year x location x genotype
interactions were not significant for spike
number m-2 and days to heading; years x
genotype interaction for grain weight spike-1,
year x genotype and year x location x genotype
interactions for plant height and 1000 kernels
weight, year x genotype, location x genotype and
year x location x genotype interactions for grain
yield were statistically significant (Table 4).
These results indicated that the genotype x
environment interaction was significant for grain
weight spike-1, plant height, 1000 kernels weight,
grain number spike-1 and grain yield and there
were differences in stability performances
among the genotypes for these traits.
The means of square of homogenity of
regression (MSHR) and means of square of
deviation from regressions (MSDR) partitioned
from the genotype x environment interaction are
given in Table 5, and the adaptation and stability
statistics and mean values of traits of genotypes
are illustrated in Table 6.

Table 5. The results of combined ANOVA ( The means of square).

Grain 1000
Source of D.F. Grain Spike number Plant Grain weight Time to
-2 numbers -1 kernels
Variation yield M height -1 Spike heading
Spike weight
Blocks 8 211.330ns 14980.218ns 41.925ns 1.247ns 0.007ns 1.868ns 1.096ns
Genoype 19 8781.529** 28424.915* 337.922** 9.608** 0.027** 8.388** 9.426**
Location 3 2479509.282** 1699515.115** 23095.317** 12.404** 0.379** 67.299** 1375.011**
Genotype x
57 5048.238** 19720.536ns 80.714** 2.237** 0.011* 3.688** 1.061ns
Location
Homogeneous of
19 10998.7** - 39.3 3.063** 0.0056ns 5.579** -
Regressions
Deviations 38 2073.0* - 101.5** 1.824** 0.013** 2.742* -
Error 152 1159.794 14762.752 30.741 1.158 0.008 1.636 0.846

3.1. Spike number M-2 and mean values for spike number m-2 of
Insignificance of genotype x genotypes, cvs Dou-88, Gerek-79, Karasu-90
environment interaction indicated that all the
genotypes were stable for spike number meter-2.
Depending on the regression coefficient values

86
 M. Ayiek and T. Yldrm

and all of the red winter wheat lines had good

adaptation to all conditions (bi = 1 and Xi > X ).
The cvs Palandken-97, Krik, Tir , Hawk and
all the soft winter wheat lines showed poor
adaptation to all environments (bi = 1 and Xi <
X ).

84
International Journal of Science & Technology
Volume 1, No 2, 83-89, 2006
Table 6. The mean values and the adaptation and stability statistics belong to the investigated traits of bread wheat Genotypes
Genotypes Spike numbers m-2 Plant height (cm) Grain numbers spike-1 Grain weight spike-1

X b i S
di
2
ri
2
X b i S di
2
ri
2
X b i S di
2
ri
2
X b i S di
2
ri
2

DOU-88 750 1.151 1430 0.992** 84.1 0.950 10.972 0.992** 40.7 1.389 0.597 0.811** 1.15 1.165 0.0067 0.888**
PALANDKEN 672 0.789 5019 0.937** 92.4 1.043 33.453 0.985** 40.3 1.885 1.260 0.767** 1.10 1.421 0.0032 0.951**
GEREK-79 829 1.861 18259 0.961** 81.1 1.008 51.772* 0.973** 40.3 1.163 0.908 0.609** 1.11 1.405 0.012* 0.840**
KIRK 698 0.764 19030 0.797** 91.9 1.102 548.695** 0.795** 39.3 2.052 0.335 0.952** 1.13 0.367 0.005 0.447**
TR 640 0.661 3813 0.937** 88.9 0.767 234.589** 0.815** 40.0 2.333 2.768** 0.731** 1.10 0.694 0.026** 0.292*
BVDB-1 675 0.379 6107 0.751** 85.7 1.218 147.043** 0.946** 39.4 3.093 3.057** 0.790** 1.17 1.115 0.009 0.781**
BVDB-2 652 0.579 3503 0.924** 79.5 1.147 33.322 0.985** 39.5 3.120* 0.739 0.953** 1.21 1.284 0.008 0.852**
BVDB-3 716 1.209 16776 0.917** 76.5 1.001 10.225 0.995** 40.5 0.269* 0.102 0.434** 1.15 1.029 0.013* 0.682**
BVDB-4 685 1.281 39513 0.841** 87.5 0.997 19.770 0.988** 39.5 0.361 1.716 0.107** 1.20 1.142 0.015* 0.710**
BVDB-5 635 0.661 14475 0.794** 84.5 1.165 110.724** 0.954** 40.5 1.009 0.584 0.557** 1.22 0.929 0.00004 0.988**
KARASU-90 769 1.562 29240 0.914** 86.2 1.073 1.589 0.999** 37.5 0.565 1.213 0.191 1.07 1.004 0.008 0.859**
HAWK 711 1.048 188 0.999** 81.4 0.905 14.257 0.988** 40.9 -0.228 *
0.412 0.104 1.17 1.444 0.017** 0.739**
BVDK-1 747 1.125 1263 0.993** 78.1 1.053 21.723 0.990** 41.0 0.482 0.791 0.156 1.18 1.107 0.013* 0.754**
BVDK-2 724 1.029 1172 0.992** 79.3 0.910 62.499** 0.960** 41.0 0.815 2.402** 0.139 1.16 1.017 0.013* 0.682**
BVDK-3 743 0.531 59256 0.378** 85.1 0.994 4.442 0.960** 40.5 -2.435 5.497** 0.563** 1.19 0.540 0.007 0.492**
BVDK-4 726 0.869 2981 0.968** 74.4 0.951 59.204* 0.998** 39.3 2.552 10.597** 0.320** 1.15 1.052 0.016** 0.659**
BVDK-5 754 1.272 7981 0.962** 89.6 0.896 245.403** 0.964** 40.9 0.830 0.505 0.482** 1.06 1.245 0.028** 0.603**
BVDK-6 760 0.989 12087 0.911** 75.4 0.916 127.141** 0.852** 40.9 0.219* 0.082 0.308** 1.18 0.637 0.007 0.607**
BVDK-7 738 1.154 7232 0.960** 82.5 0.933 91.925** 0.921** 40.8 -0.343 0.728 0.059** 1.16 1.222 0.022** 0.690**
BVDK-8 747 1.088 203 0.998** 87.2 0.944 99.405** 0.944** 41.0 1.185 1.236 0.737** 1.22 0.427 0.020** 0.158**

Genotypes 1000 kernels weight (g) Days to heading Grain yield (kg da-1)

X b i Sdi
2
ri
2
X bi S di
2
ri
2
X bi S di
2
ri
2

DOU-88 38.0 1.312 1.263 0.876** 161 0.973 1.405 0.990** 339 1.042 3244.3** 0,984**
PALANDKEN 37.7 0.354* 0.163 0.786** 162 1.083 1.167 0.990** 258 0.737 535.8 0,995**
GEREK-79 37.5 0.196 17.198** 0.007 162 0.868 1.684 0.980** 284 0.830 2766.2** 0,979**
*
KIRK 36.6 0.011 0.404 0.009 162 1.060 0.460 0.986** 253 0.658* 3378.3** 0,960**
TR 37.4 0.781 4.886** 0.393** 163 0.895 0.229 0.992** 286 1.066 3392.6* 0,983**
BVDB-1 38.8 0.359 4.043** 0.137 162 1.029 1.363 0.986** 343 1.038 1007.8 0,995**
BVDB-2 38.9 1.595* 0.365 0.969** 164 0.935 2.428 0.969** 337 1.213* 2410.8** 0,988**
BVDB-3 38.1 2.206 3.404** 0.893** 163 0.973 0.946 0.986** 291 1.061 1685.3 0,992**
BVDB-4 38.6 1.167 2.594** 0.713** 162 1.060 0.460 0.986** 295 0.953 4100.3** 0,976**
BVDB-5 38.1 2.173 3.341** 0.890** 162 1.016 0.061 0.996** 301 0.916 2018.7* 0,987**
KARASU-90 38.8 1.226 2.793* 0.723** 162 0.961 0.426 0.989** 291 1.087 3192.6** 0,986**
HAWK 37.8 1.383 1.460 0.870** 162 0.984 0.221 0.976** 338 1.176 4791.5** 0,983**
BVDK-1 38.0 1.788 1.749 0.918** 161 0.972 0.269 0.986** 346 1.345* 1402.0 0,996**
BVDK-2 38.2 1.685 1.392 0.923** 160 1.129 2.177 0.986** 304 1.087 484.7 0,998**
BVDK-3 38.2 0.695 2.250 0.526** 162 1.039 0.307 0.987** 303 0.937** 215.6 0,999**
BVDK-4 37.8 1.103 1.141 0.848** 161 1.035 0.315 0.996** 278 0.911 2782.6** 0,982**
BVDK-5 37.8 1.638 2.258 0.865** 162 0.959 2.149 0.989** 284 0.807* 883.4 0,993**
**
BVDK-6 39.7 0.070 0.170 0.081 161 1.130 0.573 0.995** 300 1.128 2800.1** 0,988**
BVDK-7 39.7 0.141** 0.226 0.209* 161 1.032 0.403 0.986** 314 1.019 4744.1** 0,976**
BVDK-8 39.9 -0.053** 1.011 0.007 160 0.967 3.919 0.961** 309 0.989 1086.9 0,994**
 M. Ayiek and T. Yldrm
3.2. Plant height
The condition of not to be stable of some
genotypes for this trait originated from the
greatness of MSDR of these genotypes. So, cvs
Gerek-79, Krik, Tir and the lines of BVDB-1,
BVDB-5, BVDK-2, BVDK-4, BVDK-5, BVDK-
6, BVDK-7 and BVDK-8 were not stable. Since
the other genotypes supply the three equalities of
2
bi = 1, Sdi2=0 and ri =1, they proved to be stable.
If the adaptation abilities of the
genotypes are considered, for the equalities bi = 1
and Xi > X are supplied, the cvs Dou-88,
Palandken-97, Krik, Tir and Karasu-90 and the
lines of BVDB-1, BVDB-4, BVDB-5, BVDK-3,
BVDK-5 and BVDK-8 have adapted well to all
environments; whereas since the other genotypes
are such as bi = 1 and Xi < X , they have adapted
poorly to all environments.
3.3. Grain numbers spike-1
Unstability for this trait originated from
the differences among the coefficient of
regression and also MSDR. According to this,
the cvs Dou-88, Palandken-97, Gerek-79 and
Krik and the lines of BVDB-4, BVDB-5,
BVDK-5, BVDK-7 and BVDK-8 were stable as
they supplied the equalities of bi = 1, Sdi2=0 and
2 The cv Karasu-90, the lines BVDB-1
ri =1.
As the adaptation abilities of genotypes
were taken into the consideration, the cvs Dou-
88, Palandken-97, Gerek-79 and the lines of
BVDB-5, BVDK-1, BVDK-2, BVDK-3, BVDK-
5, BVDK-7, BVDK-8 having bi = 1 and Xi > X ,
adapted well to all environments; the cvs Krik,
Tir, Karasu-90 and the lines of BVDB-1, BVDB-
4, BVDK-4 having bi = 1 and Xi < X , adapted
poorly to all environments. The line BVDB-2
having bi>1 and Xi < X showed poor
adaptation to good environments; the cv Hawk
and the lines BVDB-3, BVDK-6 having bi<1
and Xi > X showed good adaptation to bad
environments.
-1
3.4. Grain weight spike
From the point of this trait, the condition
of not being stable among the genotypes was
resulted from MSDR. According to this, the cvs
gerek-79, Tir, Hawk and the lines BVDB-3,
BVDB-4, BVDK-1, BVDK-2, BVDK-4, BVDK-
5, BVDK-7, BVDK-8 were not stable.
As regresssion coefficient is equal to 1
(bi = 1) for all genotypes the cv Hawk and the
lines of BVDB-1, BVDB-2, BVDB-4, BVDB-5,
BVDK-1, BVDK-2, BVDK-3, BVDK-6,
BVDK-7, BVDK-8 grain weight spike-1 of which
are higher than the trial mean, adapted well to all
conditions; the cvs Palandken-97, Gerek-79,
Krik, Tir, Karasu-90 and the line of BVDK-5
grain weight spike-1 of which are lower than the
trial mean, adapted poorly to all conditions. In
addition to this, it is determined that the cv
Dou-88 and the lines of BVDB-3 and BVDK-4
having bi = 1 and Xi = X , adapted moderately to
all conditions.
3.5. 1000 Kernel weight
For this trait, unstability among the
genotypes originated from the differences among
regression coefficients and the condition that the
MSDR differed from 0.The cvs Dou-88, Hawk
and the lines BVDK-1, BVDK-2, BVDK-3,
BVDK-4, BVDK-5 having bi = 1, Sdi2=0 and
2
ri =1, showed a stable performance. The other
genotypes were not stable.
and BVDB-4 adapted well to all environments.
Because, they had conditions such as bi = 1 and
Xi > X . The cvs Dou-88, Gerek-79, Tir, Hawk
and the lines BVDB-3, BVDB-5, BVDK-1,
BVDK-2, BVDK-3, BVDK-4, BVDK-5
resulting bi = 1 and Xi < X , adapted poorly to all
environments. On the other hand, the line
BVDB-2 having bi>1 and Xi > X , adapted well
to good environments, the cvs Palandken-97
and Krik with bi<1 and Xi < X adapted badly to
poor environments, the lines BVDK-6, BVDK-7
and BVDK-8 resulting bi<1 and Xi > X adapted
well to poor conditions.
3.6. Days to heading
All the genotypes in the trial were stable
for days to heading. If early heading is accepted
as a good performance for high yield, the cv
Dou-88 and the lines BVDK-1, BVDK-2,
BVDK-4, BVDK-6, BVDK-7, BVDK-8 having
88
 Adaptability Performances of Some Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) Genotypes in The Eastern Region of Turkey
heading time lower than the trial mean of 162
days, adapted well to all conditions; the cvs
Palandken-97, Gerek-79, Krik, Karasu-
90, Hawk and the lines BVDB-1, BVDB-4,
BVDB-5, BVDK-3, BVDK-5 adapted
moderately to all conditions and the cv Tir and
the lines BVDB-2 and BVDB-3 adapted poorly
to all environments.
3.7. Grain yield
The unstability for grain yield has
originated from not only the heterogenity of
regression coefficient but also the MSDR.
Genotypes BVDB-1, BVDB-3 and BVDK-8
2
having bi = 1, Sdi2=0 and ri =1 were stable. Of
the genotypes determined as stable, the lines
BVDB-1 and BVDK-8 with higher grain yield
than the trial mean adapted well to all
environments, the line BVDK-2 having the same
grain yield with the trial mean adapted
moderately to all environments and the line
BVDB-3 with lower grain yield than the trial
mean adapted poorly to all environments.
When the adaptation abilities of the
genotypes determined as not stable are taken into
consideration, the regression coefficients of
which were higher than 1, the genotypes of
BVDB-2 and BVDK-1 adapted well to good
conditions; whereas the genotypes Palandken-
97, Krik, and BVDK-4 having the regression
coefficient lower than 1 and lower grain yield
than the trial mean adapted badly to poor
conditions; and the line of BVDK-3 having the
same grain yield with the trial mean, adapted
moderately to bad conditions.
Having the regression coefficients egual
to the mean regression coefficient (bi= b =1), the
genotypes Dou-88, Hawk and BVDK-2 with
grain yields higher than the trial mean adapted
well to all environments; whereas the genotypes
Gerek-79, Tir, BVDB-4, BVDB-5, Karasu-90,
BVDK-4 and BVDK-6 with grain yields lower
than the trial mean adapted poorly to all
environments.
89
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