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GULF INDONESIA RESOURCES Ltd.

Specification For:

PAINTING AND COATING

Document Ne.

GIS-MEC-211

Prepared Checked Approved Client

Revision Description Details By Approved
By .,-1 /l1y
~ ~G.SUOAASONQJ" (f!
A
Reformatted to new Gulf
Indonesia slandard and
Signature
S.GINTING -v me,
fAiNES
O.BERINI

Issued ror Suban Project Date 01126100 01126100 01126100

Signature
Date
Signature

Date
Signature
Date
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Signature

Date
! Signature

I Date
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 Gulf Indonesia Resources Ltd. Spccific:ltions I Rcv. A I )/00 I p~c: 2 ofi

P AL"'I'Tt'iG Ai'rD COATt'iG GIS:'tfEC-211

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. GENERAL

2. STANDARDS AND CODES

3. EXTENT OF PAINTING

4. SURFACE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION

5. INSPECTION

6. COLOUR SCHEDULE

7. COATING MATERIALS

8. PAINT SYSTEMS

9. ATTACHMENT 1

Table 1. Painting Schedule

Table 2. Paint Material List

Table 3. Colour Coding Schedule

 Gulf Indonesia Resources Ltd. Specific:atioos

I Rev, A I 1/00 Page: 3 of i I
GIS-.MEC-211 I
1. GENERAL

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 This specification defines the methods of surface preparation, painting systems and methods of
application for shop and field painting of metal surfaces including: piping, tanks, vessels (exterior only),
bins, structural steel. chutes and miscellaneous equipment.

1.1.2 The requirements set out in this specification shall not be construed to eliminate consideration of the
Manufacturers standard design which may receive the approval of the Purchaser; if found to be equivalent
or superior to the following requirements. When tendering a bid proposal. the requirements of these
specifications shall be followed with alternatives listed separately.

2. STANDARDS AND CODES

The applicable sections of the standards and codes of the following organisations constitute part of this
specification:
SSPC - Structural Steel Painting Council

4400 Fifth Avenue

Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania 15213

USA

ANSI - American National Standards Institute

1430 Broadway

New York, New York 10018 USA

NACE - National Association of Corrosion Engineer

P.O. Box 986

Katy, Texas 77450 USA

ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials

1916 Race St,

Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA

GIS-MEC-212

Application of Rust Prevention Systems

Munsell Book of Colours

3. EXTENT OF PAINTING

The entire plant within "battery limits" shall be painted with the type and colour of paints indicated in the
purchaser's paint colour schedule, included in this specification. The following surfaces shall not be
painted, unless otherwise specified.
Machined surfaces
Manufacturer's name and data plates
Brick
Exposed stainless steel, copper, brass. aluminium
Valve stems, glands, and control valve positioners
Aluminium sheathing over insulation
Switchgear and motor control centres
Items which for various reasons may have special finish applied by the Manufacturer.
 Gulf Indonesi:a Resources Ltd. Specifications
I Rev. A I 1100 I P:agc: 4 or 7 I
PAL"iTlliG AI.""'"D COATlliG I GIS-;\IEC-211 I

4. SURFACE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION

4.1 Surface Preparation

4.1.1 As a minimum all surfaces requiring painting shall be prepared and cleaned in accordance with SSPC
or NACE surface preparation specifi.ca~ions, as specified in section 8 of this document.

4.1.2 If the paint Manufacturer's recommendations for surface preparation are more stringent than specified
herein, the Manufacturer's recommended surface preparation shall be used.

4.1.3 The chloride -content of blasting abrasive 'Shall be less than 100 ppm.

4.1.4 SSPC-Vis. 1 Visual Standards shall be used as the standards for surface preparation.

4.1.5 The Appendices of each specified surface preparation of SSPC are also part of this specification.

. 4.1.6 Surfaces prepared for painting shall be painted within eight hours after surface preparation.

4.2 Application

4.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, the application of paint shall be in accordance with SSPC-PA 1 and the
paint manufacturer's recommendations. The paint manufacturer's printed instructions for surface
preparation, mixing, thinning and paint application are part of this specification and shall be used for
application unless otherwise specified herein. All recommendations and instructions set forth by the paint
manufacturers shall be complied with fully. All coatings shall be applied before the shelf life of the coating
expires.

4.2.2 Paint shall be applied only on thoroughly dry surfaces when the ambient and the surface temperatures
are between 40F and 120F and with a maximum relative humidity of 85 percent. Catalysed epoxy and
latex paints shall not be applied when air, material and surface temperatures are below 50F and surface
temperature is lower than 5F above dew point temperature.

4.2.3 Paint shall not be applied to a condensing surface. Paint shall not be applied when freshly painted
surfaces may be damaaed by rain, fog, dust. or condensation, andlor when it can be anticipated that these
conditions may prevail during the drying period.

4.2.4 All materials shall be applied in smooth, even coats without runs, sags, bare spots or other blemishes.
Minimum and maximum OFT's shall comply with the ranges set by the paint manufacturer for each coating.

4.2.5 Valve stems, glass, moving parts, bearings. couplings, shafts, lubricant fittings or other sensitive parts
shall be protected from damage by painting operations, including over-spray, dripping and sandblasting.
Any paint falling on, or applied to, such surfaces shall be removed.

4.2.6 Finish coats of paint shall be applied to fully cured, clean. dry coats of paint and shall be compatible
with previous coats.

4.2.7 All equipment for application of the paint shall comply with recommendations of the paint
manufacturer. Only equipment in good working condition shall be used for paint application.

4.2.8 All damaged painted areas requiring paint tOUCh-Up shall be feathered after surface preparation to
provide a smooth even surface before priming.

4.2.9 When applying a full paint system. the primer shall be fully compatible with subsequent intermediate
and finish coats.

4.2.1 oAll paint used to coat project items, equipment and material shall be supplied by a paint Manufacturer
approved by the Company.
 Gulf Indonesi3 Resources Ltd. Specifications
I Rev. A I 1100 Page: 5 of i I
GIS-:\IEC-211 I
4.2.11 The Company's approved paint Manufacturers are as follows:
- AMERON
CARBOLINE
- HEMPEL
- KANSAI PAINT
- JOTUN
- INTERNATIONAL

5. INSPECTION

Each step in the painting process shall be subject to Inspection" by the Subcontractor's OC, by the
Purchaser, and by the Company's representative (equipment, surface preparation, each coat of paint.
materials, colours, application, etc.). Any defects or deficiencies shall be corrected by the Subcontractor.
All coatings shall be capable of passing an adhesion test as per ASTM 03359.
Runs, sags, blisters, bubbles, fish eyes, mud cracking, ary spray, over and under OFT. delaminations,
etc. are paint failures and the Contractor shall correct the failure by repainting.

6. COLOUR SCHEDULE

Paint type, colour and quantity shall be as specified in the following schedule. Other paint Manufacturer's
products may be considered provided that a comparable, suitable product is available and the Company
is issued a cross reference index showing Code Number and Colour name of both types of paints.
Colour coding schedule shall be followed as per Attachment 1, Table 3.
Valves shall be painted the same colour as the associated piping.
Sour service piping shall be painted with the same colour eode indicated above with the addition of bright
yellow bands painted at 10ft. centres and immediately on either side of manual and control valves.

6.1 Colour Schemes

6.1.1 All piping systems shall be provided with a colour code of painted bands as specified above.

6.1.2 The painted bands, of approximately 150mm width shall be applied at maximum 10 m intervals and at
either side of each valve, pump, flange and wall penetration.

6.1.3 Whenever designated. arrows and wording shall be applied indicating the flow direction and line
contents.
 Gulf Indonesia Resources Ltd. Specifications
I Re~. A I 1100 I Page: 6 of 7 I
I GIS-~IEC-211 I
6.2 Equipment Colour Coding

Description Colour Colour Codes

"Ameron"

Buildings - roofs, soffits, facia doors, Copperstone Beige RT-7612

walls
structural supports & Strat. Grey RT-34 0 1
columns .
Water Tanks White
Other Tanks Aluminium
Structural Steel - pipe supports, equipment
skids, craneways, hand rails, stiles, grating, Strat. Grey RT-34 0 1
etc,
Safety Guards - Flywheels, belts, couplings, bright Yellow YE-30SHA
etc.
Rotating Equipment + Prime Movers Manufacturer's Standard GN-5
Vessels Light Green GN-5

Piping - All Piping Strat. Grey or Aluminium RT-3401

Piping Sweet gas Light Green GN-5

(Colour Band) produced water Dark Blue BL2

condensate Medium Blue BL-3

oil emulsion Black BK-1
oil clean (sales) Brown RT-7405
glycol Pale Yellow RT-8503
amine Pale Orange RT-3005
caustic, acid, Bright Orange OR-2 OSHA
mercaptans
methanol Ug)ht Blue BL-4
instrument air White
utility air Grey
potable water Light Blue
utility water Aluminium

Emergency Systems {manual ESD stations. Bright Red RD-20SHA

ESD valves, ESD instr. air or gas supply
lines, Fire Hydrants, Fire Water Lines, etc.}

7. COATING MATERIALS

All coating material or paints shall be furnished in unopened containers and shall be so labelled as to

identify them as material specified for the job.

All coating material shall be vigorously stirred for a sufficient time to thoroughly mix the pigments and

vehicles.

Only thinners specified by the Manufacturer shall be used.

Mixing and thinning directions as furnished by the Manufacturer shall be strictly adhered to.

If coating material requires the addition of a catalyst, the pot life under application conditions shall be

clearly stated on the label. This pot life must not be exceeded under any circumstances. When the pot

 Gulf Indonesia Resources Ltd. Specific:ations

I Rev. A 11100 Page: i of 7

P~lDiG Al'iD COATL.'\G GIS-l\IEC-211

life limit is reached the spray pot must be emptied, material destroyed, equipment cleaned and new
material catalysed.
Paint which has livered, gelled, or otherwise deteriorated during storage shall not be used; thixotropic
materials which may be stirred to obtain normal consistency are satisfactory.
Coatings containing heavy or metallic pigments that have a tendency to settle must be kept in suspension
in the pressure pot by a mechanical stirrer.
Primers and topcoats whether applied in the shop or field must be compatible materials.
Paint shall be purchased in 22.75 L pails rather than 250 L drums, to facilitate handling in the field.
When paint is stored for any length of time, the containers shall be turned occasionally to prevent undue
settlement of the pigments.
All containers shall be tightly covered at all times to prevent skinning of the surface. If skinning does
occur, it shall be removed before stirring. If necessary, paint from partially filled containers shall be
strained before application to remove foreign matter which may be present. .

8. PAINT SYSTEMS

Paint systems shall be followed as per Attachment Table 1, and Table 3.

The following shall be used as a guideline for paint systems to be used in the specific applications
indicated. If recommended by the paint Manufacturer, alternative paint systems may be submitted with
the prior approval of the Company.

Surface Operating Surface Primer Intermediate Finish

Temperature Preparation
(OF)
Carbon Steel to 200 SSPC-SP10 or Inorganic Epoxy Epoxy

NACE2 Zinc

Carbon Steel 201 to 400 SSPC-SP10 or Inorganic Silicon Silicone

NACE2 Zinc Acrylic Acrylic

Carbon Steel 401 to 750 SSPC-SP10 or Inorganic None Silicon

NACE2 Zinc Aluminum

Carbon Steel above 751 SSPCSP10 or Silicon Zinc None Silicon

NACE2 Aluminum

Carbon Steel to 200F SSPCSP10 Epoxy Epoxy Urethane

(corrosive areas, acid spills,

etc.)

Note. coatings to be

recommended by paint

Manufacturer for specified

services.

Previously Painted Carbon to 200F SSPCSP1and Previously Barrier Coat Epoxy

Steel SP2I3 Painted
Epoxy
Primer for
Galvanised Steel to 200"F SSPC-SP1 None Epoxy
Galvanized
and SP2I3
Surface
Epoxy
Phenolic None
Insulated Carbon Steel to 250"F SSPCSP10 None
Primer

Insulated Carbon Steel above 250"F SSPCSP10 Inorganic None None

Zinc

 TABLE 1. PAINT MATERIAL LIST

GIS-MEC-211

Paint Material No. Type of Paint Material

A Primer

A1 Inorganic Zinc Rich Primer (Alkyl Silicate Type)

A2 Organic Zinc Rich Primer (Epoxy Type)

A3 Silicone Zinc Primer

A4 Epoxy Primer (For Tank Internal)

A5 Epoxy Primer (Modified Epoxy Type)

A6 Epoxy Primer (For Hot Dip Galvanized Surface)

A7 Epoxy Phenolic Primer (For Under Insulation)

B Intermediate and Finish

B1 Polyamide Epoxy

B2 Silicone Acrylic

B3 Silicone Aluminium

B4 Polyurethane

B5 Amineadduct Epoxy (For Tank Internal Paint)

B6 High Build Coal Tar Epoxy

 TABLE 2. COLOUR CODING SCHEDULE
GIS-MEC-211
.COLOUR COLOUR CODES MUNSELL
"AMERON" NUMBER
COPPERSTONE BEIG E RT7612 7. SYR S/6

STRAT. GREY RT3401 N 7.0

WHITE N 9.S

ALUMINIUM .
BRIGHT YELLOW YE-3 OSHA 7.SY 9112

LIGHT GREEN GNS 7. SGY 8/3

DARK BLUE BL2 2.SPB 3.S/10

MEDIUM BLUE BL -3 SPB 6.Sn

BLACK BK1 N 1.0

BROWN RT740S SYR 3.S/4

PALE YELLOW RT8S03 10Y 9/6

PALE ORANGE RT 300S 2.5YR 6/14

BRIGHT ORANGE OR-20SHA 2.SYR 6/13

LIGHT BLUE BL4 SB 6/8

GREY N 6.0

BRIGHT RED RD-2 OSHA 7.5R 4/14

ATTACHMENT - 1 GIS-MEC-211

TABLE 3. PAINTING SCHEDULE

(1) COLUMNS, VESSELS AND HEAT EXCHANGERS; PIPING (PIPE, FITTINGS AND VALVES): STRUCTURAL STEEL
(Including Platforms, Ladders. Stairs) [Note: 1J (Including Platrorms, Ladders, StaIrs, Handrails)

Operating Shop Field [ Note: 2] Total Dry

Painting
System Description Temp. Surface Priming . Repairing . Finishing Film ThIckness
No. (F) Preparation (Min. micron) (Min. mIcron) (mIn. micron)
[Note: 3]

(1) 1. Uninsutated Surface - 200 SSPC SP10 A-l SP2/3 01 165

One coat Touch up Two coats
65 microns/coal A2 50 mlcrons/coat

Unlnsulated Surface 201 - 400 SSPC - SP10 Al SP2/3 B-2 105

(1)-2.
One coat Touch up Two coats
65 mlcrons/coat A-3 20 microns/coat

(1) 3. Insulated Surface - 250 SSPC - SP10 A-7 SP2/3 125

One coal Touch up -
125 mlcrons/coa A7

Insulated Surface 251 -750 SSPC - SP10 Al SP2/3 65

(1).4.
One coat Touch up
65 microns/coat A3
-
(1) 5. Fireproofed Surface SSPC SP10 Al SP2/3 65
One coat Touch up .
65 mlcrons/coat A3

(1) 6 External Surface - 200 SSPCSP10 Al Surface Preparation 06 200

(Burled Vessel) One coat SP 2/3 and One coat
15 microns/coal Surface Cleanl1!9 _ 200 mlcr()ns/coat

[Note: 1J: Valves excepl control valves and pressure sarety valves shall be surrace prepared SP10 and palnled wllh
InorU::Inlc Zinck nleh Primer (A1) In Ihe Manufacturer's Shop unless otherwise specllled.

(Nole : 2J: Dare Carbon Sleel surfaces, weld areas and paint damage where substrate Is exposed shall be blasted
to SP 10 and prImed prior to Top Coat

(Nole : 3): Repairing only applies to previously bl::lsted Md p::llnted surfaces where 1I::Ilnt damage docs nol expose
the substrate, otherwise Note: 2 shall apply
(2) l:l.EATERS. STACKS. FLARE STACK GIS-MEC-211

Painting Operating
Shop Field
:
[Noto : 3]
Total Dry
I

System Description Temp. Surface Priming Repairing, Finishing, Film Thlckn'ess

No. (-F) Proparation (Min. micron) (Min. micron)
[Noto : 4] (min, micron) I
(2}.-1. Unlnsulated Surface -200 SSPC - SP10 A-1 SP2/3 B1 165 I
One coal Touch up Two coals
(Nole : 1) 65 microns/coal A-2 50 microns/coal
(2) - 2. Unlnsulated Surface 201 - 400 SSPC SP10 A1 SP213 B2 105
One coat Touch up Two coats
(Note: 2) 65 microns/coat A3 20 microns/coal
(2) - 3. Uninsulaled Surface 401 - 750 SSPC SP10 A-1 SP2/3 0-3 95
One coal Touch up Two coals
65 microns/coat A3 15 microns/coat
(2) - 4. Uninsulaled Surface 751 - SSPC SP10 A3 SP2/3 83 80
One coal Touch up Two coats
25 microns/coat A3 15 microns/coat
(2) 5. Insulaled Surface - 250 SSPC SP10 A7 SP2/3 125
One coat Touch up ..
125 mlcrons/coa A7
(2)6 Insulated Surface 251 - 750 SSPC SP10 A1 SP2/3 65
One coat Touch up .
65 microns/coat A3

(Note: 1J: Finishing paint for painting system no. (2)-1 shall be applied RT3401 of colour code number.

(Note: 2J: Finishing paint for painting system no. (2)2 shall be applied silicone acrylic.

(Nole : 3J: Bare Carbon Steel surfaces, weld areas and paint damage where substrate Is exposed shall be blasted
10 SP 10 and primed prior to Top Coal

(Noll! : 4); Reparing only applies to previously blasted and painted surfaces where paint damage does not expose
the substrate otherwise Note: 3 shall apply
(3) pACKAGED UNIT, ROTARY MACHINERY, INSTRUMENT AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, GIS-MEC-211

Painting Operating Shop [Note] .. Field Total Dry

System Description Temp. Surface Priming . . Finishing Surface .. :.' .. ~rlmlng ,;, Film Thickness
No. - (OF) Preparation Preparatron .. , ( micron)
(3), - 1. Pump. Motor -200 Blast cleaning A-1 or equivalent B1 or equivalent SP-213 Repairing primer 165
Compressor. Turbine. or equivalent One coat Two coats and finish if
Blower. Special required

Machinery, Instrument 201 - 400 Blast cleaning A-1 or equivalent B2 or equivalent SP-213 Repairing primer 105
or equivalent One coat . Two coats and finish if
required I

401 - Blast cleaning A-1 or equivalent B3 or equivalent Repairing primer

SP-213 95 I
or equivalent One coat Two coats and finish If
required

Note: (1) Manufacturer's standard can be applied.

(2) Manufacturer's standard painting system shall be compatible with the operating temperature of equipment.
(3) Painting procedure shall be sub milled to Company for review and approval.
(4) For insulated surface, finish coat can be omitted.
(5) Other items not mentioned above shall be painted to their respective paint systems as required by this specification,
eg : Pressure Vessels, Piping, Structural Steel, etc.
 GIS-MEC-211

Operating
Shop .. .. Field, , [ Note: 1 1 ' ,
Total Dry
Painting ,

System Description Temp. Surface Priming; ;

, Repairing Intermediate Finish Film :nilcknes s
(OF) Preparation (micron)
[Note: 2}
No.
(4).-1. Structural Steel -200 SSPC- SP10 Ai One coat SP 2/3 B-1 One coat B4 One Coat 165
65 microns/coat A2Touch up 50 microns/coat 50 microns/coat

(4) - 2 Equipment Piping -200 SSPC-SP10 A1 One coat SP 213 B-1 One coat B4 One Coat 165
65 microns/coat A2Touch up 50 microns/coal 50 microns/coat

-. --c

[Note: 1) : Bare Carbon Steel surfaces, weld areas and paint damage where substrate Is exposed shall be blasted
to SP 10 and primed prior to Top Coat
/;\

[Note: 2} : Repairing only applies to previously blasted and painted surfaces where paint damage does not expose
the substrate otherwise Note: 1 shall apply
(5) GALVANIZED STEEL AND PREVIOUSLY PAINTED CARBON STEEL GISMEC-211

Operating Field [Note: 1 ]

Painting Total Dry.
System Description . Temp. Suliace Priming . Finishing Film Thickness
No. C'F) Preparation . (micron)

(5). - 1. Galvanized Steel -200 SP -1 and A6 One coat B4 One coat 100
SP 213 50 microns/coat 50 microns/coat

(5) - 2 Previously Painted -200 SP -1 and AS One coal 81 One coat 120
Carbon Steel SP 213 50 microns/coal 70 microns/coat
'". '.'." '/" ' , ; \ ' ~"I- /
.",,~.~

[Note: 1]: Bare Carbon Steel surfaces, weld areas and paint damage where substrate is exposed shall be blasted
to SP 10 and primed prior lo Top Coal
(6) STORAGE TANK GIS-MEC-211

(I) External

Painting Operating Shop .. Field Total Dry

System Oescrlption Temp. Surface Priming Surface Priming Intermediato . Finish Film Thickness
(eF) .. ..
No. Preparation Preparation . (micron)

(6) - 1 Uninsulated -200 SSPC-SP10

Ai One coat SP3/SP2and A50necoat B1 One coat B4 One coat 170
External Surface
15 microns/coat surface cleaning 70 microns/coat 50 microns/coat 50 microns/coat
[Note 1]
I(Note 21

(6) - 2 Uninsulated 201- 400 SSPCSP10 Ai Onecoat SP3/SP2and A2 One coat B2 Onecoat B2 One coat 110
External Surface 15 microns/coal surface cleaning 70 microns/coat 20 microns/coat 20 microns/coal
[Note 1]
ICNoto 21

(6) - 3 External Surface -200 SSPC-SP10 A1 One coat SP3/SP2 and B6 One coat 200
(BoUom plate) 15 microns/coat surface cleaning 200 microns/coal - -

[Note: 1] : Bare Carbon Steel surfaces, weld areas and paint damage where substrate Is exposed and areas of rust
shall be blasted to SP 10 and primed prior to Top Coat
/'1",

[Note: 2] : Surface cleaning to SP 1 is permitted to Undamaged Shop Primer. All dirt, grease, oit, water and any other
contaminants shall be removed from surfaces prior to Coaling.
(6) SIQ.RAGE..IANK GIS-MEC-211

(ii) ln1emaI
Painting Operating Shop Field Total Dry I

System Description Temp. Surface Priming Surface Priming Intermediato Finish Film Thickness
No. CF) Preparation Preparation (micron)
(6) - 4 Internal Surface -140 SSPC-SP10 A1 One coat SSPC-SP10 for A-4 One coat B-5 One coat 8-5 One coat 300
(Water Tank and 60 15 microns/coat welded and 50 microns/coal 125 microns/coat 125 microns/coat
Carbon Steel of rusted area.
Clarifier) SP7 for others. I

(6) - 5 Internal Surface -140 SSPC-SP10 A1 One coat SSPC-SP10 for A-4 One coat 8-5 One coat 8-5 One coal 300
Bottom and 15 microns/coat welded and 50 mIcrons/coat 125 microns/coat 125 microns/coat
80Uom 1m rusted area.
(Diesel Storage Tank SP7 for olhers. I

Painting Operating Field Total Dry

System Description Temp. Surface Priming Coat Priming Intermediate Finish Film Thickness I

No. (OF) Preparation for Penetration (micron) I

(6) - 6 For Concrete Bottom -140 Note (3) A-4 One coat A-4 One coat 8-5 One coat B-5 One coat 310 - 315
of Clarifier of Waler 10 - 15 microns/coal 50 microns/coat 125 microns/coal 125 microns/coat
Treatment -~
Nole (4) -

.< , "'-'-~
Painting Operating Shop Field ->
TotalDry
System Description Temp. Surface Priming Surface Film Thickness
(oF)
Priming
No. Preparation Preparation {micron)
(6) -7 8uriedTank -200 SSPC-SP10 A1 one coat SSPC-SP10 B6 one coat 225 microns
External Surface 25 microns (Note 2 per External Tank) 200 microns -

Note: (1) Water soluble chloride shall be checked before priming coat, for the Tank internal surfaces. (The acceptable level shall be
as per Manufacturer's Recommendal/on).

(2) SP7 (or good condition areas such as not rusted area).

(3) SP2 or SP3 PH / water conlent shall be checked for lhe concrete surfaces.
Acceptable criteria shall be followed In accordance with manufacturer's recommendation.

(4) Epoxy penelral/on primer shall be used in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.