SEAD Air Conditioner Webinar

26 November 2013
12:00pm UTC/GMT
 Welcome
Overview of webinar
Introduction of speakers
Webinar Guidelines
Questions and participation (raise hand and chat
features)
Summary and recording of call will be made
available to all participants
 Agenda
1. Welcome Gabrielle Dreyfus, US Department of Energy
2. Overview of AC Strategy and Overview of Tasks - DOE/LBNL
3. Overview of ISO 16358 Standard for Seasonal Efficiency Metrics for ACs Jun
Choi, Korea Testing Laboratory
4. Climate Zones in Standards and on Energy Labels - the EU approach Marcos
Gonzlez lvarez, DG Energy, European Commission
5. Opportunities to move forward Discussion led by Nihar Shah, LBNL
6. Possible Future AC Strategy Webinars
 Overview of AC Strategy
THE CHALLENGE
Split room AC sales are expected to reach
87.5 million/yr in 2014.
Peak load additional challenge, e.g., AC
demand can account for 40-60% of peak
in the summer months in many Indian
cities.
THE OPPORTUNITY
Doubling efficiency of room ACs in SEAD
economies and China could reduce
demand by 370 TWh/yr in 2020. NEXT STEPS
Webinar discussions of technical topics
Adoption of highly efficient technologies
Multiple opportunities for technical
is cost effective in most countries with
assistance and collaboration
average cost effective energy
Possible AC collaboration/working group?
consumption reduction of 20-30%.
 AC Strategy Tasks and Update

Objective A: Common foundation for testing efficiency representative of performance in

different climates
Forthcoming SEAD study on impact of temperature bin distributions on calculated performance
for different climates
Objective B: Provide technology and cost data for use in setting cost-effective
performance levels
SEAD Room AC study: http://superefficient.org/Resources/Product%20Technical%20Analyses.aspx
Country-specific customization possible e.g. Mexico (figure below)
Possible collaboration with ASEAN-Standards Harmonization Initiative, other interested countries.
Exploring potential of Demand Response as part of AC policy
Objective C: Grow the market for highly
efficient products that maximize net
climate benefits
Webinar on December 4 on Indias SEEP
program (upstream incentive program)
Forthcoming SEAD study on existing AC
incentive and replacement programs
 Overview of ISO 16358 Standard
for Seasonal Efficiency Metrics for
ACs

Jun CHOI
Korea Testing Laboratory
IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY

70s 80~90s 2000s 2007s

DC Inverter
AC Inverter Compressor
Compressor
Variable capacity
Fixed Speed with Bypass compressor
Compressor
ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR PART LOADS
SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio)
Annual energy use for the appliances or system, unitary AC
Variable-speed, two-speed systems
SEER was developed by NIST, US (Parken et al 1977; Kelly & Parken 1978; Parken et al 1985)
Based on a bin analysis that calculated the cooling load, capacity and efficiency over a range
of ambient temperature
CSPF (Cooling Seasonal Performance Factor) & HSPF (Heating Seasonal Performance Factor)
US, Japan, Korea

Weighted EER
JIS C 9612, Japan, and some ASEAN
weighted EER = 0.4 EER Rated + 0.6EER midpoint

IPLV (Integrated part load value)

For Chiller developed in 1986, US
IPLV (Integrated part load value)
Appropriate classification for performance evaluation
Weighted EER is better evaluation method for part load performance but not able to be applied
for Fixed cap. unit

Not effective Better Good

Fixed Inverter Fixed Inverter All types

cap. cap. Fixed cap. & Inverter

EER Weighted EER Weighted EER or CSPF

EER CSPF

3.5 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.5

The classification of the products such as fixed cap. and inverter will not be effective to reduce
the electric consumption of the countries. The regulation by one performance evaluation
criteria without classification will contribute the reduction of electric consumption.

CSPF specified by ISO16358 can evaluate the performance of actual use and can evaluate all
type of air-conditioner.
 ISO TC86 SC6 WG1
Japan proposed APF(Annual Performance factor) NWIP in 2006, and it was
accepted in 2007
ISO TC86 SC6 WG1 is running to develop a new test method for AC/HP
ISO 16358 Air-cooled air conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps -Testing and
calculating methods for seasonal performance factors
Part1 : Cooling seasonal performance factor
Part2 : Heating seasonal performance factor
Part3 : Annual performance factor
Convenor was Mr. Bernard Hugh from England, but Rusty Tharp (Goodman,
US) has taken over his position from last Paris meeting
Japan, USA, Korea, France, and Spain are participated
Not available on water source
Air-to-Water, Water-to-Air, Water-to-Water, Water-to Brine etc
Development of ISO-SPF Standard
Sep 2006 : NWIP (New Work Item) proposal from Japan in ISO/TC86/SC6
(SC6 Committee approved in Jan 2007)
Sep 2007 : Investigation by ISO/TC86/SC6/WG1 has been started.
(WG has been held nine times until now.)
Feb 2010 : WD (Working Draft)
Nov 2011 : CD (Committee Draft) approved.
Jun 2012 : DIS (Draft of International Standard)
has been voted in June 2012 and approved.
Jan 2013 : FDIS has been voted on 15.March and approved by getting 100% yes vote.
Apr 2013 : IS (International Standard) has been published on 9th April.
* Experts from UK, USA, France, Spain, Australia, Korea, and Japan participated in WG1.
* The approach of seasonal performance factor is seen spreading worldwide.
(Adopted in Japan in 2006 and other countries such as USA, Korea, China, Australia)
* It became the international standard, then it will be adopted by each country in the world.
Relationship between ISO16358 and ISO5151
ISO16358-1 (-2,-3) ISO5151 (ISO13253 ISO15042)
Referring
Calculation method of Measurement method is specified
Cooling Seasonal
Performance Factor is
specified Performance
data of Each
points
Calculation of CSPF Getting performance data

Out put of CSPF Definition of performance

EER (Efficiency= Capacity/Power Input)
 Issue of present evaluation method EER
Evaluation temperature is high one point in present evaluation
method EER although temperature occur more frequently at partial
load condition.
W Measuring point
tj
(35)
Capacity or Load

250
Majority zone
Lc(tj) 200

Occuringhour
20 25 29 35 150

100

50

0
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

Out door temperature

Performance Comparison between Fixed capacity type unit and
inverter type unit
Fixed Capacity type Cd Inverter driven type
EER

EE
Cd

R
Power Input
W W
Capacity/ Load Power Input

P(35) Pfulltj P(35) Pfulltj

Phalftj
Pmintj
fulltj W fulltj

Capacity / Load
W (35)
(35) halftj Lc(tj)
Lc(tj) mintj

20 25 29 35 20 25 29 35
250 250

200 200
Occuringhour

Occuringhour

150 150

100 100

50 50

0 0
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
Out door temperature Out door temperature
Types
fixed capacity unit
equipment which does not have possibility to change its capacity. This
definition applies to each cooling and heating operation individually.
two (2)-stage capacity unit
equipment where the capacity is varied by no more than two steps. This
definition applies to each cooling and heating operation individually.
multi-stage capacity unit
equipment where the capacity is varied by 3 or 4 steps. This definition
applies to each cooling and heating operation individually
variable capacity unit
equipment where the capacity is varied by 5 or more steps to represent
continuously variable capacity. This definition applies to each cooling and
heating operation individually.
Test Condition at Cooling Mode Measurement Points
Reference Outdoor Temperature Bin at Cooling
ISO provides a reference outdoor temperature bin as Table 3
Outdoor temperature bin should be developed by each countries
EU has three outdoor temperature bin
Average, Colder, Warmer for heating
US : 6 zones
KOREA : 1 zone
Japan : 5 zones
Example : Variable Capacity Cooling Calculation
M odel Name APC( Annual Pow er Cons umpti on,kWh)
M arked Rate Cool i ng Capaci ty 2,335 R

CSPF fo r v ariable Capacity Unit (2 Po ints Metho d)

Test mode Half Rate Result L-CST(kWh) 1,711.9

Test
Standard Capa.(W) 1740 2335 L_CSE(kWh) 408.6
Result
(27/19, 35/24) Power(W) 461 671 CSPF 4.190
Input
Degradation Coefficient(CD) 0.25 Monthly Consumption(kWh)

Test condition Half Capacity Rating Capacity

ID side OD side Capacity Power COP Capacity Power COP
DBT/WBT DBT/WBT W W W W
Standard Capa. 35/24 1740.0 461.0 3.774 2335.0 671.0 3.480 ta 32.26 Pc1(ta) 442.9
27/19
Low temp. Capa. 29/19 1874.0 421.4 4.448 2514.8 613.3 4.100 tb 35.00 Pc2(tb) 671.0

j Temp. Hours BLc 'cr1(tj) 'cr2(tj) Load_step X(tj) PLF(tj) P'c(tj) x*'cr X*P'c COP
h W *nj *nj/PLF
1 21 100 155.7 2052.6 2754.5 1 0.076 0.769 368.5 15566.7 3634.2 4.283
2 22 139 311.3 2030.3 2724.6 1 0.153 0.788 375.1 43275.3 10141.9 4.267
3 23 165 467.0 2008.0 2694.6 1 0.233 0.808 381.7 77055.0 18125.4 4.251
4 24 196 622.7 1985.6 2664.6 1 0.314 0.828 388.3 122042.7 28811.1 4.236
5 25 210 778.3 1963.3 2634.7 1 0.396 0.849 394.9 163450.0 38721.0 4.221
6 26 215 934.0 1941.0 2604.7 1 0.481 0.870 401.5 200810.0 47732.7 4.207
7 27 210 1089.7 1918.6 2574.7 1 0.568 0.892 408.1 228830.0 54572.0 4.193
8 28 181 1245.3 1896.3 2544.8 1 0.657 0.914 414.7 225405.3 53927.0 4.180
9 29 150 1401.0 1874.0 2514.8 1 0.748 0.937 421.4 210150.0 50433.3 4.167
10 30 120 1556.7 1851.7 2484.8 1 0.841 0.960 428.0 186800.0 44964.9 4.154
11 31 75 1712.3 1829.3 2454.9 1 0.936 0.984 434.6 128425.0 31004.1 4.142
12 32 35 1868.0 1807.0 2424.9 2 1.000 1.000 421.5 65380.0 14752.6 4.432
13 33 11 2023.7 1784.7 2394.9 2 1.000 1.000 504.7 22260.3 5551.4 4.010
14 34 6 2179.3 1762.3 2365.0 2 1.000 1.000 587.8 13076.0 3527.0 3.707
15 35 4 2335.0 1740.0 2335.0 2 1.000 1.000 671.0 9340.0 2684.0 3.480
1817 1711866.3 408582.7 4.190
Total cooling seasonal performance factor
Test Condition at Heating Mode
Reference Outdoor Temperature Bin at Heating
Total heating seasonal performance factor
APF (Annual Performance Factor)
 EU Standard
EN 14825 Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps, with electrically
compressors, for space heating and cooling Testing and rating at part load conditions and
calculation of seasonal performance. Published March 2012.
Will be the harmonized standard for the European Directive on seasonal efficiency of air
conditioners (revision summer 2013).
Developed using the data of a preliminary study of the European Commission, determining
average climates in Europe and representative types of buildings and internal loads
schedules.
Bin method (number of hours at a given outdoor temperature)
Includes the electrical input when the unit is not cooling nor heating.
Testing methods for cooling & heating capacities:
EN 14511
3 temperatures zones
Average, Cold, Warm fro heating
Air, Water, and Ground Source All inclusive
 Reference design conditions for cooling
(Tdesignc)
Temperature conditions at 35 C dry
bulb (24 C wet bulb) outdoor
temperature and 27 C dry bulb (19 C
wet bulb) indoor temperature
Reference design conditions for
heating (Tdesignh) n
Temperature conditions for average,
colder and warmer climates
hj Pc(Tj)
j1
SEER on n
Pc(Tj)
hj EER(Tj)
j1

TOL: Temperature operation limit

(lower temperature)
Tbivalent: Lower temperature the heat
pump can satisfy the heating load
Outdoor wet bulb temperature at TOL n

and Tbivalent: not required below -7C hj Ph(Tj)

j1
SCOPon
n
Ph(Tj) - elbu(Tj)
hj elbu(Tj)
j1 COPPL (Tj)
 Summary
Promote higher energy efficiency product
Should be representative of actual usage under a range of climates to more realistically and
accurately allow for assessment of the performance of variable-speed drive compressor systems
under conditions of actual use. (e.g. a range of part load conditions)
ISO16358 APF method can evaluate all types of air-conditioner such as fixed capacity type or inverter
driven type
The criteria of MEPS or Labeling scheme using ISO16358 APF method will be more effective to reduce
actual energy consumption for the countries.
ISO16358 APF method is applicable for many testing sample evaluation, because of its minimum testing
point (2 points for inverter and 1 point for Fixed cap. unit as same as present).
Each outdoor temperature bin should be developed by each countries or regions
Outdoor temperature bin should be developed by own countries condition
ISO reference outdoor temperature bin comes from Japans condition
It might be revised with local conditions
Operating temperatures are from 21 to 35 at cooling, and from -10 to 16 at heating
But, it can also be revised with local conditions
Aligning to ISO 5151 (ISO 13253 and ISO FDIS 15042 as applicable) would appear to be a feasible
option
 Some member countries already introduced
Japan : already
Korea : Revised
Australia/New Zealand : Announce to adopt ISO 16358
Some ASEAN : Vietnam from 2014, Thailand and Singapore considers to adopt
But, EU has developed a new different standard for part load performance
EN 14825 Published March 2012.
The harmonized standard for the European Directive on seasonal efficiency of air
conditioners (revision summer 2013).
Air, Water, and Ground Energy Source all inclusive
Testing methods for the cooling and heating capacities: EN 14511
More complicated and more tests for determining energy efficiency, but it is
different calculation with ISO
Recently ISO WG3 has launched to develop a new standard for water source
AC/HP with part loads
ISO 16358 and EN 14825 might be referenced
Next meeting will be scheduled Feb. 2014 in Arlington, US
 Any Questions?

Jun Choi Korea Testing Laboratory

Climate Zones in Standards and on Energy
Labels the EU approach

g Plan

Marcos Gonzlez lvarez

Policy Officer
DG Energy C.3. Energy Efficiency Unit
marcos.GONZALEZ-ALVAREZ@ec.europa.eu

Energy
26 November 2013
 Energy Labelling
Tyre labelling, Energy Star,
Ecolabel, GPP

Efficient
products
Ecodesign

Both directives are frameworks defining the rules for setting product-specific
requirements and legislation.

It is the combined effect of both measures which ensures a dynamic

improvement of the market.
The label is the same for all AC placed in the EEA,
independently of the climate zone or Member State.

Right balance between relevant information and level of

complexity needs to be found.

EE class for average heating season mandatory and

voluntary for colder / warmer heating season.

The objective of the "map" is providing a perception to

consumers on the performance according to location.
 Calculation of heating and cooling
demand

Geometry Building envelope

Cold
Moderate
Warm
Baltic replublics
Central and eastern
Residential Office Retail
H (21C/15C) H (21C/12C) H (21C/12C)
C 25C C 25C C 23C

Internal gains Weather data

Lighting / Occupancy / Equipment One per Member State

Assumed constant Capital (or most representative city)

Typical Meteorological Year (TMY 2)

Source: Preparatory Study. Report taks 4

 SEER calculation

Design load, at Equivalent

design outdoor active mode
temperature hours
Annual cooling
demand

Annual
electriciy Off Cranckcase
Thermostat-off Standby
consumption heater

SEER for
diferent
temperatures

Mode Hours Power and EER:

On 350 35C / 30C / 25C / 20C
Measured
Thermostat-off 221
Standby 2142 Other temperatures, linear
Off 5088 interpolation

Crankcase heater 7760

 SCOP calculation

Design load, at Equivalent

design outdoor active mode
temperature hours
Annual heating
demand

Annual
electriciy Off Cranckcase
Thermostat-off Standby
consumption heater

SCOP for
diferent Backup
temperatures

Mode Average Warmer Colder Power and COP:

-15C / -7C / 2C / 7C / 12C
On 1400 1400 2100
Measured
Thermostat-off 179 755 131
Standby 0 0 0 Other temperatures, linear
interpolation
Off 0 0 0
Crankcase heater 179 755 131
 Helsinki (FI)

Strasbourg (FR)

Heating results Cooling results

Athens (EL)

Variation on the efficiency of the appliance is much more

important for heating than for cooling

1 cooling season is defined.

3 heating seasons are defined (colder Helsinki,

average Strasbourg, warmer Athens)

Source: Preparatory Study. Report taks 7

Preparatory study:

https://circabc.europa.eu/faces/jsp/extension/wai/navigation/container.jsp

Impact Assessment:
C(2012) 1364 final
SWD(2012) 34 final

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/labelling/doc/en_impact_assesment.pdf

Regulations:
Regulation (EU) No 206/2012

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:072:0007:0027:EN:PDF

Regulation (EU) No 626/2011

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:178:0001:0072:EN:PDF

Transitional methods:
2012/C 172/01

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2012:172:0001:0026:EN:PDF
 Thank you!
marcos.GONZALEZ-ALVAREZ@ec.europa.eu
 Possible Future AC Webinars
a. Demand Response using Smart Air Conditioners
b. SEAD Analysis: Technology Options for Improving AC
Efficiency
c. Replacement and Incentive Programs for Air
Conditioner Efficiency Improvement
d. Overview of Cost, Efficiency, and Safety Trade-offs of
Transition to Low-GWP Refrigerants for Air Conditioning
Applications
 Opportunities to move forward
Webinars:
Dec 4 webinar on Indias SEEP incentive program. Register here:
https://www3.gotomeeting.com/register/622508182
Future AC focused webinar topics of interest?
Multi-country working group on ACs:
Collaboration on standards and labelling programs?
Collaboration with ASEAN Standards Harmonization Initiative?
Awards program for low-GWP, most efficient ACs?
Forthcoming SEAD studies:
Analysis of temperature bin distributions on calculated performance in various
climates
AC incentive and replacement programs
Demand Response standards and opportunities for ACs
Other Ideas?
 Thank You!

For more information please contact:

standards@superefficient.org