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2.2 Which of the following is false concerning enterprise resource planning (ERP)?
a. It attempts to automate and integrate the majority of business processes.
b. It shares common data and practices across the enterprise.
c. It is inexpensive to implement.
d. It provides and accesses information in a real-time environment.
e. All of the above are true.
2.3 Which one of the following is not a layout tactic in a JIT environment?
a. work cells for families of products
b. fixed equipment
c. minimizing distance
d. little space for inventory
e. poka-yoke devices
2.4 Which of the following techniques does not contribute to increasing throughput at a
bottleneck?
a. schedule throughput to match capacity of the bottleneck
b. increase capacity of constraint
c. have cross-trained employees available to operate the constraint
d. develop alternate routings
e. move inspections and tests to a position immediately after the
bottleneck
3. Washington Laundry Products, Inc., se dedica a la comercializacin e industria de
maquinas lavadoras industriales utilizadas en los medianos hoteles de la ciudad y tiene
los requerimientos de demanda agregada para los prximos seis meses que se
muestran en la tabla 1. La empresa tiene una capacidad regular para producir 120
unidades por mes y capacidad para producir hasta 40 unidades ms en horas extras
por mes. Actualmente, los subcontratistas pueden proporcionar hasta 100 unidades
por mes, pero la empresa subcontratista puede no estar disponible. Qu es ms
barato: i) producir a un nivel de capacidad, incurriendo en rdenes faltantes y cambios
en los inventario; ii) incurrir en costos por variar la fuerza laboral; o iii) producir a una
cantidad baja de 120 unidades mensuales para usar las hora extras y/o subcontratar
entonces para buscar satisfacer la demanda?
Tabla 1.
Meses Ene Feb Mar Abr May Jun Jul Ago Sep Oct Nov Dic
Demanda
Pronosticada
19 17 25 29 33 31 20 16 33 35 28 50
(cientos de
cajas)
Das de
20 14 20 20 22 21 18 14 20 23 18 10
Trabajo
RUBROS DE
PRODUCCION ENERO FEBRERO MARZO ABRIL MAYO JUNIO TOTALES
Inventario
Inicial 100 100 120 130 160 180 160
Proyeccin de la
Demanda 500 600 650 800 900 800 4250
No de Das de
Trabajo 20 19 22 30 22 19 132
Inventario de
Seguridad 100 120 130 160 180 160 4542
COSTOS Y OTROS
Materiales US$100/Unidad.
Mantenimiento del
US$10/Unidad/Mes
Inventario
Agotamiento de
US$20/Unidad/Mes
Existencias
Subcontratacin de
US$100/Unidad/Mes
Produccin
Contratacin y
US$50/Trabajador
Entrenamiento
Despido US$200/Trabajador
Horas de Trabajo por
5 Horas/Unidad
Unidad
Costo Hora Normal
US$12,50 / Hora
(Lineal)
Costo Hora Extra US$10/ Hora
Suponga que para los artculos A, B y F se utiliza la determinacin de lotes llamada lote
por lote; para los artculos C, D y E se utilizan lotes de tamaos 40, 50 y 150
respectivamente. Los artculos C y E tienen inventarios inciales disponibles de 10 y 50
respectivamente; todos los dems artculos tienen un inventario inicial de cero. La
programacin est hecha para recibir 10 unidades de B en la semana 2 y 50 unidades
de E en la semana 1. No hay ms recibos programados. Si para la semana 8 se
requieren 40 unidades de A, utilice la lista de materiales de codificacin de bajo nivel
para encontrar las expediciones de pedidos planeados necesarios para todos los
componentes.
7. (Valor 30%) Car Audio Ltda., produce dos aparatos de AM/FM/CD para autos. Las
unidades de radio/CD son idnticas, pero el hardware para montarlas y el acabado
interior son diferentes. El modelo estndar encaja en autos medianos y grandes y el
modelo deportivo encaja en autos deportivos pequeos. Car Audio maneja la
produccin de la manera siguiente: el chasis (unidad radio/CD) es armado en Mxico y
su fabricacin tiene un tiempo de entrega de dos semanas. Le compra el hardware para
montarlo a una compaa siderrgica que tiene un tiempo de entrega de tres semanas.
Le compra el acabado interior a una compaa electrnica Taiwanesa que tiene oficinas
en los ngeles, en forma de unidades previamente empacadas que contienen las
perillas y dinas. Podemos pasar por alto el tiempo del ensamblaje final porque el
cliente se encarga de aadir y montar el paquete del acabado.
Modelo Semana
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Modelo Estndar 300 400
Modelo Deportivo 200 100
Trabajos 1 2 3 4
Mquina 1 5 7 11 8
Mquina 2 9 4 8 5
Mquina 3 11 12 8 7
b. Determinar el programa que minimiza el tiempo de flujo con el nivel de
ponderacin exigido.
Trabajos 1 2 3 4 5 6
Pi 10 9 11 17 12 6
Wi 3 2 1 1 3 3
Trabajos 1 2 3 4 5 6
Pi1 12 7 10 8 4 2
Pi2 6 9 2 6 9 4
Auto Tiempo para Tiempo para Auto Tiempo para Tiempo para
Reparacin Pintura Reparacin Pintura
(horas) (horas) (horas) (horas)
1 3,0 1,2 6 2,1 0,8
2 2,2 0,9 7 3,2 1,4
3 2,0 1,3 8 0,6 1,8
4 0,7 0,8 9 1,7 1,5
5 1,6 1,4 10 1,8 0,7
1. Houma Containers, Inc., makes industrial fiberglass tanks that are used on offshore oil
platforms. Demand for the next four months, and capacities of the plant are shown in
the table below. Unit cost on regular time is $400. Overtime cost is 150% of regular
time cost. Subcontracting is available in substantial quantity but at a very high cost,
$1100 per unit. Holding costs are $200 per tank per month; back orders cost the firm
$1000 per unit per month. Houma's management believes that the transportation
algorithm can be used to optimize this scheduling problem. The firm has no beginning
inventory and anticipates no ending inventory.
2. Fred's Fabrication has the following aggregate demand requirements and other data
for the upcoming four quarters.
Which of the following production plans is better: Plan Achase demand by hiring and
firing; Plan Bpure level strategy, or Plan C700 level with the remainder by
subcontracting?
3. Joe's Assembly and Fabrication has the following aggregate demand requirements and
other data for the upcoming four quarters.
Which of the following production plans is better: Plan Achase demand by hiring and
firing; Plan Bpure level strategy, or Plan C3,500 level with the remainder by
subcontracting?
4. Byron's Manufacturing makes tables. Demand for the next four months, and capacities
of the plant are shown in the table below. Unit cost on regular time is $40. Overtime
cost is 150% of regular time cost. Subcontracting is available in substantial quantity at
$75 per unit. Holding costs are $5 per table per month; back orders cost the firm $10
per unit per month. Byron's management believes that the transportation algorithm
can be used to optimize this scheduling problem. The firm has 50 units of beginning
inventory and anticipates no ending inventory.
5. Eagle Fabrication has the following aggregate demand requirements and other data for
the upcoming four quarters.
Which of the following production plans is better: Plan Achase demand by hiring and
firing; or Plan Bproduce at a constant rate of 1200 and obtain the remainder from
overtime?
6. Osprey Fabrication has the following aggregate demand requirements and other data
for the upcoming four quarters.
Which of the following production plans is better: Plan Achase demand by hiring and
firing; Plan Bpure level strategy, or Plan C1350 level with the remainder by
subcontracting?
8. Washington Laundry Products, Inc., makes commercial and industrial laundry machines
(the kinds hotels use), and has these aggregate demand requirements for the next six
months. The firm has regular capacity for 120 units, and overtime capacity for 40 more.
Currently, subcontracting can supply up to 100 units per month, but the subcontracting
firm may soon be unavailable.
Which is cheaper: to produce level, incurring back orders and inventory charges; to
chase, incurring the costs of varying the labor force; or to produce a base quantity of
120, using overtime, then subcontracting, to meet demand?
The data inputs for this problem, and the optimal solution, generated by
microcomputer software, appear below. Answer the following questions based on the
scenario and the solution.
a. How many total units will be produced in quarter 1 for delivery in quarter 1?
b. How many units in total will be used to fill back orders over the four quarters?
c. What is the cost to produce one unit in Quarter 4 using overtime to deliver in quarter
1 (filling a back order)?
d. At the end of quarter 3, what is the ending inventory of finished systems?
e. What is the total demand over the four quarters?
f. What is the total supply over the four quarters?
g. What is the total cost of the solution?
h. What is the average cost per unit?