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CRUSHERS

Crushers employ compression, slow speed machines hired for coarse reduction of large
quantities of solid. A primary crusher is the one which crushes the feed to yield a product 150-
250mm in size whereas, secondary crusher is the one which takes the product of a primary
crusher and reduces it to particles of about 6mm. The main types of crushers are given as;
Jaw Crusher
Smooth Roll Crusher
Gyratory Crusher

Jaw Crusher
Jaw crusher consist of a set of vertical jaws, one jaw being fixed and the other being moved back
and forth relative to it by a pitman mechanism. The jaws are farther apart at the top than at the
bottom, forming a tapered force so that the material is crushed progressively smaller and smaller
as it travels downward until it is small enough to escape from the bottom opening. The
compressive strength of jaw crushers is 320 mega Pascal and the Rpm of jaw crusher is between
200- 400. The jaw crusher is used for crushing trash, making it easy for transportation from one
to another location. This is very important because the crushed materials are always easier for
transportation, loading and dumping. This machine is heavily used on construction sites where a
large amount of hard materials need to be crushed on a daily basis, including stones, rocks,
concrete, and other form of debris.

Figure 1 Jaw Crusher


Design of Jaw Crusher
As jaw crusher is designed to impart an impact on the solid particles placed between a fixed and a
moving plate. The faces of the plate is made up of harden steel, both plates could be flat or the fixed
plate and the moving plate convex. The surfaces of both plates could be plain or corrugated.
The moving plate applies the force of impact on the particles held again the stationary plate,
plates are bolted on to a heavy block. The moving plate is pivoted at the top end (Blake) or at the
bottom end (Dodge) type crusher. In universal crusher the plates are pivoted in the middle so that
both the top and the bottom ends can be moved.

Figure 2 Jaw Crusher

Mode of Operation
Jaw crusher is equipped with one fixed and one moveable crushing jaw (wear parts) forming a
wedged shaped crushing area. The side walls of crushing area are made of replaceable wearing
sheets. Crushing is carried out between two crushing jaws. The moving jaw of the single toggle
jaw crusher moves elliptically. A pendulum motion is being carried out by double toggle jaw
crusher. The crushing force is produced by an eccentric shaft, then it is transferred to the
crushing area by a toggle plate system and supported by the rear of the housing of the machine.
Spring pulley rods keep the whole system in a condition of non-positive connection. Centrifugal
masses of the eccentric shaft serve as compensation of heavy loads. A flywheel is provided in the
form of pulley. The favorable angle of dip between the crushing jaws has a positive impact on
the intake conditions of the feed material. The final grain size distribution is influenced by both
the adjustable gap as well as the appropriately selected tooth shape of the crushing plates. One
important thing that needs to be closely considered when choosing which jaw crusher to be used,
is the size and the length of the crushing chamber. The crushing chamber should be large enough
to allow the materials to easily enter inside. As a general rule, a jaw crusher with larger crushing
chamber has more crushing power. Long crushing chambers are suitable for hard materials that
demand more strength.

Parts of Jaw Crusher


The parts of a jaw crusher are given as;
Frame
Fixed Jaw
Moveable Jaw
Flywheel
Grooved Wheel
Spring System
Toggle Plate
Toggle Seat
Gap
Size of set
Crushing cavity
Pivot
Check Plates
Adjusting Screw

Types of Jaw Crusher :-

Jaw crusher are divided into two types, both uses compressive force for size reduction;

Blake Jaw Crusher


Dodge Jaw Crusher

Figure 3 Types of Jaw Crusher

1. Blake Jaw Crusher


Blake jaw crusher is a type of crusher in which the swing jaw is pivoted at upper position, the
amount of motion is at the bottom which means less choking. Blake jaw crusher has a fixed
feed area and a variable discharge area. Greatest amount of motion is at the bottom of V which
means that it have a little tendency to chock. The swinging jaw reciprocates in a horizontal plane
usually make an angle of 20-30 with the fixed jaw.
Figure 4 Blake Jaw Crusher

Dodge Jaw Crusher


Dodge jaw crusher is a type of crusher in which the swing jaw is pivoted at bottom position, it
has a greater tendency to choke. The amount of motion is greatest at the top of V. The Dodge
jaw crusher has a variable feed area and a fixed discharge area which leads to choking of the
crusher hence; it is used only for laboratory purposes and not for heavy duty operations.

Figure 5 Dodge Jaw Crusher

Industrial Application of Jaw Crusher


The industrial applications of Jaw crusher are given as;
Building stones- water construction- construction industry mobile crushing plant
Mining industry- coal industry- rotary dryer
Chemical Industry
Concrete Recycling
Jaw Crusher in Quarry

Building stones- water construction- construction industry mobile crushing


plant
Building stones- water construction- construction industry mobile crushing plant.
Since the found of New China, the water conservancy construction develop rapidly, but the water
conservancy project that has been built has much low scale, project quality is poor; jaw crusher
can be used in the process of water infrastructure.

Mining industry- coal industry- rotary dryer


Jaw crusher is the most important mining machinery, the mining of ore production, crushing
equipment and grinding machine are all cant do without the crusher machine or spiral ore
washing machine. Thus building strong and have competitive machinery industry contributes to
China achieve to modernization, revitalization and development of machinery industria lization
and our country gradually become the economic powers are inseparable.

Chemical Industry
At present our countrys crusher device continuous develops and update, develop the crusher
equipment to meet the needs of different users. Industry crushing equipment can be used in the
cement, chemical, power, metallurgical and other industries to crushing the hard material, such
as limestone, slag, coke, coal and other materials.

Concrete Recycling
Jaw crushers can be used in concrete recycling. Jaws compress the concrete between a stationary
and moveable plate. Concrete is reduced in size as it travels down the length of the wedge
between the two plates. Jaws are used as primary crushers and typically produce a 4" to 8" minus
product usually used as fill.

Jaw Crusher in Quarry


The primary crushing of the stones is normally carried out by the jaw crushers. Jaw crushers are
used on the large scale in this field.

Advantages of Jaw Crusher


The advantages of Jaw crusher are given as;

Following are the different advantages of the jaw crushers:

Simple structure
Low cost
Maintenance are convenient
Reliable work
Small machine body
Easy to use

Disadvantages of Jaw Crusher


The disadvantages of Jaw Crusher are given as;

Lower productivity
Lower power Consumption
Bigger vibration
Small crushing Ratio
Uneven particle size
Cant crowd feeding ore

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