1.

2.

3.

4.

1





AASHTO R15-89[2]
(Additives) (Modifiers)

Terrel Walter[3]



1. Mineral Filler











[4]

No.200 % %
0.6 1.2

2. Extender

2
 2

3. Rubbers

4. Plastics
4 (
)

ASTM
(polymer-modified asphalt)

ASTM D5976-96[ I ]
styrene-butadiene(SB)
styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS) (block
co-polymers)
ASTM D5840-95[ II ]
styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)
polychloroprene
ASTM D5841-95[ III ] ethyl vinyl
acetate(EVA)

3
ASTM D5892-96a[ IV ]
non-crosslinked styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)

87 CNS 14184[ ]
ASTM D5892-96a IV-C IV-E
IV-F
5. Fibers

6. Oxidants

7. Antioxidants

8. Antistripping Additives

34 5 6
(
)

40%
25%
25%

AASHTO R15[2]
AASHTO
R15 [2]

1 ( )
2

3
4 (Material Safety Data Sheet, MSDS)
1976 RCRA

6
 5
5.1

5.2

6
6.1
6.2
6.3
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
8
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

(Dense Grade) (Open Grade)
(Gap Grade)




25.4mm
25.4mm
(Large-Stone Mix)
100% 9.5mm(3/8in.)
(Sand Mix)

SMA

SMA Stone Mastic Asphalt Stone Matrix

Asphalt

SMA SMA

( ) 70%
(mastic)

8
 SMA
(6% )[5]


[6]SMA
SMA
SMA

1991 SMA SMA

1991 4 1997 30 SMA

1991 5 1994 50
1997 [7] 140 SMA
90%
4mm

SMA ?
SMA

50%

30%

SMA

(Drainage Inhibitor)

SMA

9
 SMA

SMA 3~6%
SMA

SMA

(1) (2)
(3) (4)

SMA ( EVA SBS)

(Open-Grade Friction Course OGFC)
OGFC

1.5cm
(Friction Course)

(Porous Asphalt
Concrete)[8]

10
 (Drainage Layer)

4 5cm



1.5cm OGFC
(AASHTO -SN)


[9]
1992 1996


60
200,000 poises [9]
[9]



[10] 60%
74
SMA
(Noise-Reducing
Bituminous-Layer Surface)


3~6 dB 2~5 dB[9]

86 11 15

11


Gussasphalt
13mm




SMA



Gussasphalt

SMA

12
 SMA
(Hot Rolled
Asphalt Pavement)

(European Asphalt Pavement
Association)1990



22% SMA

5%

SMA
LSM
SMA

13
 GUSS 10000
[12]

3R
Reuse Reduce Recycling

21 2000

1993
[13]

2000 60%
15% 35%





FHWA
[14] 15

1994

14
 ( 24%)
flowable fill

80%
20%

10%


20

50% [14]

8% 12%
20% 2.2%

88 2

15


80cm
30cm

[17 18]

16


1.


2.




3.


4.

1 Richard F. Weingroff, From Dense Ignorance And

17
 Otherwise A (Not Entirely Serious) Look at Americas 100
(Plus) Years War with Europe, Public Roads Online, 1997.
2 AASHTO R15-89 (1993), Standard Recommended Practice for
Asphalr Additives and Modifiers, Standard Specification for
Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing,
18 t h edition, 1997, Part I Specifications.
3 Ronald L. Terrel and Jean L. Walter, Modified Asphalt
Pavement Materials The European Experience, Journal of the
Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Vol. 55, 1986, pp.
482~515.
4 Roberts K. L., Kandhal P. S., Brown E. R., Lee D. Y., and
Kennedy T. W. ,Hot Mix Asphalts, Mixture Design, and
Construction, 1st edition, NAPA Education Foundation,
Lanham, Maryland, 1991.
5 Heavy Duty Surfaces: The Arguments for SMA, European
Asphalt Pavement Association, P.O. Box 175, 3620 AD
Breukelen, The Netherlands, 1998.
6 E. R. Brown, J. E. Haddock, R. B. Mallick, and Todd A. Lynn,
Development of a Mixture Design Procedure for Stone Matrix
Asphalt (SMA), Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving
Technologists, Vol. 66, 1997.
7 E. R. Brown, J. E. Haddock, R. B. Mallick, and J. Bukowski,
Performance of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) in the U. S.,
Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists,
Vol. 66, 1997.
8
1998
9
1997
10E Pucher, Low-Noise Road, Austrian Ministry of Science and
Transportation, Vienna University of Technology.
11J. P. J. van der Heide, Materials and Mix Design, Symposium-
Application of European Technology for Improved Pavement

18
 Performance, Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving
Technologists, Vol. 61, 1992, pp.588.
12 GUSS
1998
13
1996
14 Robin L. Schroeder, The Use of Recycled Materials in
Highway Construction, Public Roads On-line, Autumn 1994.
15 Chandler, et al. An International Perspective on
Characterisation and Management of Residues from Municipal
Solid Waste Incineration. Summary Report, International
Energy Agency, 1994.
16
Vol.17 No.12~13 1991
17
1993
18
Vol.25 1999

19


1






2

3
a.
b.
(SBR)
c.
(SBS)
d.
4 (PE)
(PP)

(EVA)
(PVC)
5 34

6





7
8


9


10


[4]

20
 SMA
SMA Type D4 D6(1) D6(2) D8 D10 D11 D14 D16 D20 D22
(%)
31.5mm 100 100
22.4mm 100 90-100
20.0mm 100 90-100
16.0mm 100 90-100 60-80
14.0mm 100 90-100 60-80
11.2mm 100 90-100 45-75 35-60
10.0mm 100 90-100 50-75 35-60
8.0mm 100 90-100 45-75 25-40 25-40
6.3mm 90-100 30-50 20-35 20-35
5.6mm 100 90-100
4.0mm 90-100 25-45 25-40 20-35 20-35
2.0mm 30-40 30-40 25-35 20-30 20-30 20-30 15-30 15-30 15-30 15-30
63m 8 12
(%) 7.0-8.0 6.5-7.5 6.5-7.5 6.0-7.0 6.0-7.0 6.0-7.0 5.8-6.8 5.8-6.8 5.7-7.2 5.7-7.2
(%) 0.3 - 1.5
(mm) 12-25 15-30 15-30 20-40 25-50 25-50 30-55 30-55 40-70 40-70
[5]

21

%
mm
20mm 13mm
26.5 100 -
19.0 95~100 100
13.2 64~84 90~100
4.75 10~31 11~35
2.36 10~20 10~20
0.075 3~7 3~7
% 4~6
[9]

22


Hot Mix HMA
Asphalt
Large LSM
Stone Mix

Open-Gra OGFC (
de )
Friction
Course
Stone SMA (
Mastic )
Asphalt


Porous PA
Asphalt

OGFC


Guss-Asp GUSS (
halt
)
Hot HRA
Rolled
Asphalt

23
 1990
()

(PA) (Guss) (SMA) (HRA)
9.5 8.5 0.5(>5.0) 0.1 0.25 - 0.15
4.2 3.76 0.4(> 1.5) - - - 0.04
3.2 3.07 0.13 0.13 0.13(> 1.0) - -
6.5 5.20 - 0.07 0.52 - 0.72
38.0 36.0 1.4(>3.5) - - - 0.6
41.3 39.2 0.41 0.41 0.41(> 10) - 0.86
2.4 2.04 0.10 0.07 - 0.19 -
1.0 0.75 - - - 0.25 -
45.5 - -(5.0) - - - --
7.5 6.75 0.45(>2.0 0.01 0.30(> 1.5) - 0.4
)
3.9 3.10 0.1 - 0.2 0.1 0.1
5.3 5.2 - - - - -
23.0 - - - - - -
7.4 6.66 0.22(> - 0.15 0.37 -
2.8)
5.4 4.32 0.32 0.32 0.43 - 0.5
36.5 28.0 - - - 8.0 3.3
240.6 220 4.1 1.1 2.4 9
480.0
[11]

24
 (1993 %)



(70) (65) (85) (90) (85) (80) (65) (60) (60) (75) (80)
45 40 63 57 62 51 40 25 25 27 51
[13] [29] [51] [41] [59] [43] [23] [12] [26] [29] [42]
(100) (70) (100) (100) (95) (95) (70) (70) (70) (80) (90)
88 69 93 81 89 63 71 34 48 26 78
\ [44] [36] [68] [30] [68] [38] [27] [8] [29] [8] [42]
(70) (70) (100) (100) (95) (95) (70) (70) (70) (80) (90)

43 42 85 70 82 82 48 40 34 45 67

[3] [26] [67] [45] [69] [69] [22] [11] [15] [48] [48]
(35) (35) (35) (35) (35) (35) (35) (35) (35) (40) (35)

15 9 11 1 5 6 13 5 0 5 8

[4] [9] [21] [24] [23] [24] [11] [7] [27] [14] [21]
(45) (40) (60) (50) (55) (65) (40) (40) (40) (65) (50)
1 3 25 4 6 22 4 1 5 0 15
[8] [20] [34] [28] [31] [44] [23] [17] [29] [26] [31]
(85) (70) (100) (100) (95) (80) (75) (80) (70) (80) (90)

42 21 62 48 49 53 13 16 25 0 44

[2] [47] [75] [85] [81] [62] [48] [43] [54] [27] [63]
(80) (60) (65) (60) (80) (70) (70) (65) (65) (80) (70)

43 40 52 39 46 41 56 53 48 58 47

[20] [40] [40] [21] [36] [30] [44] [40] [33] [44] [36]
[13]
1) 2,000 1993 []
1991
2)
3)()
4)
5) 2000

25
 FHWA
()

14.1 (
)



2
SMA


45 11 PCC


16 5


18


12 2.4


432 < 1%


7.3 < 10%



14.7 0.3

3


91 73

0.4 < 1%
7.7

2.3 0.4


7.5 6.9


954 < 1%


[14]

26
 #200#100#50 #30 #16 #8 #4 3/8" 1/2" 3/4"
100

90

80

70

60

50

40
Max Density
30 ASTM D3515 (Dense)
20 ASDM D3515 (Open)
NCAT SMA
10 Porous(Japan)
0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

(mm)0.45

SMA AC

SMA

27
(Guss)

4~5

28