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Cross Curriculum themes & General capabilities Explicit subject specific concepts and skills
Algebraic form of index law is developed by a
conceptual understanding of the numerical index law.
Quality Teaching Elements (lesson focus) Highlight the appropriate areas
102088 Assignment 1
Intellectual Quality 1.1 Deep knowledge 1.4 Higher-order thinking
This refers to pedagogy focused on producing deep understanding of important, 1.2 Deep understanding 1.5 Metalanguage
substantive concepts, skills and ideas. Such pedagogy treats knowledge as something that 1.3 Problematic 1.6 Substantive
requires active construction and requires students to engage in higher-order thinking and to knowledge communication
communicate substantively about what they are learning.
Quality Learning Environment 2.1 Explicit quality 2.4 Social Support
This refers to pedagogy that creates classrooms where students and teachers work criteria 2.5 Students self-regulation
productively in an environment clearly focused on learning. Such pedagogy sets high and 2.2 Engagement 2.6 Student direction
explicit expectations and develops positive relationships between teacher and students and 2.3 High Expectations
among students.
Significance 3.1 Background 3.4 Inclusivity
This refers to pedagogy that helps make learning more meaningful and important to knowledge 3.5 Connectedness
students. Such pedagogy draws clear connections with students prior knowledge and 3.2 Cultural knowledge 3.6 Narrative
identities, with contexts outside of the classroom, and with multiple ways of knowing all 3.3 Knowledge
cultural perspective. integration
How are the quality teaching elements you have identified achieved within the lesson?
Resources:
Activity 2. Develop numerical index law to Teacher: Lead students to find T and S
algebraic level. the algebraic form of index
Use the example of indices with the base of 2 law, and verify their findings
with different powers, to make students find the using Geogebra.
pattern and pronounce the index laws such as
2 2 = 2+ for any positive integer m Student: Find algebraic form
20-25 and n. Verify their finding using Geogebra. of index law using patterns in
mins Ask students repeat the process for indices with the numerical index law.
the base of 3, then verify their finding using
Geogebra. Resources: PC, projector and
Have students guess about algebraic index laws Geogebra Software.
such as = + for any positive
integer a. Verify these algebraic expressions
using Geogebra. Then use the Substitute
function in Geogebra to replace a, m and n by
any positive integer other than 2 and 3, to
further verify that algebraic form of index law
is a generalised form of numerical index law.
Conclusion Have students discuss about the Square Saw Teacher: Facilitate discussion
game. They are allowed to redo it if they have and ask for feedback.
5-10 not get the correct answer by themselves.
mins Then ask students whether the content in this Student: Discuss and redo the
lesson helps them in the game completely. Square Saw game.
Resources:
102088 Assignment 1
Reflection
What have I learned about the teaching and learning process when preparing this lesson?
Other considerations
Complete the table blow by inserting the AISTL graduate standards that you are
demonstrating and indicates the evidence from this lesson that should comply with the
standard.
WHS
What are the key risk issues that may appear for and need to be reduced/eliminated in this
lesson? Using your syllabus and support documents as well as other WHS policy- Outline
the key WHS considerations that are to be applied in this lesson?
None
Resources Attached:
102088 Assignment 1
You must list all the resources that you have created or found in this space.
102088 Assignment 1
Provides reasoning to
support conclusions that
are appropriate to the
context
MA5.1-3WM
Cross Curriculum themes & General Explicit subject specific concepts and skills
capabilities Skills of simplifying index product developed
and consolidated by understanding the rationale
and substance of the procedure.
How are the quality teaching elements you have identified achieved within the lesson?
Resources:
Activity 2. Simplify algebraic products that Teacher: Use two approaches T and S
involves only one index, . to simplify the example
Use two approaches: question
1. Expend it to 2 a a a 3, then
10-15 mins apply associative law to get 2 3 Student: Use two approaches
a a a = 6 a a a = 63 to simplify the given question
2. Substitute = 3 , students are
supposed to do 2x 3 = 2 3 x = Resources:
6x using algebraic associative law,
then bring 3 = back to get 63
Then ask students to repeat for 45 2.
Activity 3. Simplify algebraic products that Teacher: Use two approaches T and S
involves two indices, , using two to simplify the example
approaches. question
1. 23 32 = (2 )
(3 ) = (2 3) ( Student: Use two approaches
10-15 mins ) = 65 to simplify the given question
2. Substitute = 3 = 2 , then
2x 3 = 6 from algebraic Resources:
associative law, then bring back 3 =
2 = to get xy = 3 2 =
5 from index law, then 6 = 65
Ask students to repeat for 45 27 .
102088 Assignment 1
Activity 4. Students discussion Teacher: listen to students S
Lead students discussion to 2 aspects when discussion, and lead their
5 mins comparing and contrasting the two discuss to the 2 aspects
approaches:
1. How to deal with the numerical Student: discuss with peers
coefficient?
2. What to do with algebraic indices? Resources:
Activity 5. Compare two different Teacher: calculate and record S and T
expressions by substituting values of a. the numerical answer using
10-15 mins Ask students to simplify 23 23 and Geogebra
23 + 23 , they will get 23 23 = 46
and 23 + 23 = 2 (23 ) = 43 . Then use Student: simplify the two
the Slider function in Geogebra to substitute expressions
a = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and record the results to
spreadsheet. Resources: PC, projector
Geogebra software
Conclusion Students distinguish between 23 23 = Teacher: listen to students S
46 and 23 + 23 = 43 by discussing discussion, and lead them to
5 mins about the numerical result when substituting the argument that 23
different numbers. 23 43 unless a is given
to be 1
Resources:
102088 Assignment 1
Reflection
What have I learned about the teaching and learning process when preparing this lesson?
Other considerations
Complete the table blow by inserting the AISTL graduate standards that you are
demonstrating and indicates the evidence from this lesson that should comply with the
standard.
WHS
What are the key risk issues that may appear for and need to be reduced/eliminated in this
lesson? Using your syllabus and support documents as well as other WHS policy- Outline
the key WHS considerations that are to be applied in this lesson?
Resources Attached:
You must list all the resources that you have created or found in this space.
102088 Assignment 1
Cross Curriculum themes & General capabilities Explicit subject specific concepts and skills
Indices quotients generally have the same rationale
with products, however it is more complex as it could
result in zero index or mistakes from a
misunderstanding of the associative law in quotients.
How are the quality teaching elements you have identified achieved within the lesson?
Resources:
Body Activity 1. Simplifying indices quotient Teacher: demonstrate T and S
using first approach. example, lead students to
4
Demonstrate 45 23 = 2 = recall the previous lesson
Conclusion Have student discuss about the common Teacher: listen to students
mistakes they make when playing the game, discuss
5-10 mins or what they have learnt from the game.
Student: participate in
discussion
Resources:
102088 Assignment 1
Reflection
What have I learned about the teaching and learning process when preparing this
lesson?
Other considerations
Complete the table blow by inserting the AISTL graduate standards that you are
demonstrating and indicates the evidence from this lesson that should comply
with the standard.
WHS
What are the key risk issues that may appear for and need to be reduced/eliminated in
this lesson? Using your syllabus and support documents as well as other WHS policy-
Outline the key WHS considerations that are to be applied in this lesson?
None
Resources Attached:
You must list all the resources that you have created or found in this space.
102088 Assignment 1
Opportunity Opportunity
Opportunity
Opportunity
Opportunity Opportunity
Opportunity
Opportunity
Opportunity
Opportunity Opportunity
Opportunity
Question Sheet
Red Dice
1 2 3 4 5 6
53 2 47 252 218 94
2 5a 2 a 46 5a 217 93
5 5 5 5
3 47 2010 49 1614 1009 825 3611
Blue
4 32 5 1 45 25 216 32
Dice 3 3 3 3
3
5 5 3 253 3 52 3 207 3 1252 3 1018 3 454 3
Opportunity Cards
Justification
The lesson plans are designed based on Stage 5.1 syllabus outcome MA5.1-1WM,
MA5.1-3WM, and MA5.1-5NA, and the content ACMNA 212, 231 and 209.
According to Vygotskys theory of learning, the teaching activities will be more
effective if teachers play a role of scaffolding, and assist student led development of
knowledge. The mathematical teaching theories and students learning theories from
Sullivan book (2011) is also considered when designing the learning sequences and
activities. There are also some other considerations in the design of lesson plans such
as the Quality Teaching Elements and the Professional Teacher Standards (ACARA,
2011). Although there is not many contents this topic, algebraic indices is important
for Stage 5.1 learners, as this topic is not only a development of numerical indices, but
also a fundamental in other topics in the subject, such as Financial Mathematics and
Calculus.
In the teaching activities, the software Geogebra is applied. There are two reasons for
using Geogebra. First, the Professional Teacher Standards (ACARA, 2011) suggest
that the use of ICT will improve the effectiveness of learning. Second, Geogebra can
be used as calculator for algebraic problem, which cannot be achieved by using
normal scientific calculators.
There are totally 6 lessons designed in the topic of Stage 5.1 indices. The chosen three
lesson plans are the lesson 1, 3 and 4. The 6 sequential lessons are generally in the
same order with the syllabus contents, as the syllabus are already compiled in the
strand of recalling existing knowledge, introducing new knowledge, developing new
knowledge and applying new knowledge. Lesson 1 will recall students knowledge in
numerical index laws, and then develop numerical index laws to algebraic level.
Lesson 2 is an extension of lesson 1, which will make students familiar with positive-
integer index laws, and introduce zero index to them. Lesson 3 will develop students
knowledge from letter-only index laws to index operations that involves coefficients,
and make students understand the substance of indices by simplifying them. Lesson 4
will introduce complexity in index simplification, which involves quotients. Lesson 5
will make students have a conceptual understanding of the negative-integer indices.
Lesson 6 will be an exercise lesson for students to develop fluency in index
calculation skills, and have an insight of real world application of indices. After the 6
lessons, a unit assessment will be provided to students.
The first lesson develop numerical index laws to algebraic level. The lesson start
Square Saw game will make students revise their background knowledge in numerical
index laws as well as provide teacher with an indicator about students knowledge
level. Then the teacher will adjust the first learning activity to consolidate students
knowledge in some specific index laws to make then ready for the core concept of this
lesson. In Activity 2, the teacher play a role as scaffolding by showing students the
pattern for indices with the base of 2, and make students find that 2 2 = 2+
by themselves. When students guess is verified by Geogebra, they will be
emotionally encouraged to take further investigation about the indices with power of
3, and finally comes with the idea that = + . After the learning activities,
102088 Assignment 1
students are provided with an opportunity to discuss with peers or redo the Square
Saw game, which further consolidate their knowledge about index laws.
The second lesson, which is lesson 3, is a skill-based lesson that make students
simplify index products. Students are not provided with the strategy that 23 32 =
(2 3)3+2 directly, instead, their skills are built step by step. First, students have to
recall the associative law in numerical and algebraic calculations from Stage 4. After
that they will face the problems that involving only one index, so that only the
coefficients need to be multiplied based on associative law. Then the introduction of
the second index will increase the complexity of considering both the coefficients and
the indices. In teaching this concept, two approaches are applied, the first one requires
expansion of the indices, while the second one transforms the indices operations to
algebraic operations. The discussion makes students compare the two methods, and
the teacher leads them to find by themselves that the two approaches actually follow
the same procedure, that is multiplying the two coefficients then multiplying the two
indices using index law. Furthermore, the teacher will provide two confusing
expressions, and verify that they are generally not equal by using Geogebra. The
purpose of this activity is to prevent students from making mistake of ignoring the
indices operation or mixing the products with additions in indices simplification,
which will further strength students skills.
The third lesson is an extension of the second lesson, which involves quotients in
index simplification. Students will find by themselves that the strategy of operating
with the two coefficients then operating the two indices using index law still works
for quotients. But the concerns in applying associative law in quotients will make
them think about the mistakes that could be made. After that, students skills in
indices simplification need to be exercised. Instead of a work sheet, the Travel game
is provided to students. This game will take the same role as exercise, but is more
enjoyable to students, and students will be motivated to practice their simplifying
skills when competing with others in the game.
References
Australian Institue for Teaching and School Leadership. (2011). Australian
Professional Standards for Teachers, published by the Australian Institute for
Teaching and School Leadership (AITSL).
Sullivan, P. (2011). Teaching Mathematics: Using research-informed strategies.
Australia: ACER Press.
102088 Assignment 1
102088 Assignment 1