1 Climate change and meteorological disaster in China

1-1 Temperature and precipitation Change

1-2 Moteorological disaster
1-3 Water shortage
2 what we can do is to develop our adaptability Water Resoure
shortage
2-1 Water usage measures
2-2 Basic infrastructures for agricultural irrigation
2-3 Raise land surface plant coverage
2-4 Sea water desalinification
2-5Sea ice desalinification
3 Government support
3-1 Policy support
3-2 Research project support
1-1 Temperature changein China
 1957-2006年中国年平均气温变化幅度
55

50

45
2.5

40
1.5

（
单
1
35
0.5 位
0
：

℃/50
30

-0.5

25 -1
年
）
20

75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

（中国气象局国家气候中心, China climate center ）

In the past 50 years,the temperature cames higher, specially in northern area

 1957-2006年中国年降水量变化幅度
55

50

45
45

30

40
15 （
单
位
0
35
-15 ：

%/50
-30
30

-45
年
25
-60
）

20

75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

（中国气象局国家气候中心, China climate center）

Western/southern increased；northern and northeast decreased.Most northern areas

decreased 20-40mm each 10 year, Western/southern increased 20-60mm each 10year.
1-2 Meteorological disaster
Flood
Flood Loss
Typhoon frequency
Typhoon paths
Typhoon disaster
Typhoon and Loss
Ice snow frequency
Snow disaster and loss
Dust storms
Dust storm and loss
 1-3 Water Resources
severe water shortage
in bohai region
• The total amount of water resources in bohai region of China,
namely that of the provinces of LN, HB, SD, TJ is 2% of China.
The per capita water resource volume is lower than 500m3,
whereas that of the world is approximately 8300m3,which
inhibits the sustainable development of the economy.

Face to water shortage, It has exploited underground

water sources, water channeling and many other
measures. Problems closely related to water pollution,
health, damages to coastal ecosystems and reduction
of biodiversity has been gathering researchers’
attention, who have also been searching for
alternative ways to solve water resource shortage in
the area.
 2 what we can do is to develop our
adaptability Water Resoure shortage

• 2-1 Engineering measure

• Yangtze River
– landuse change（退田还湖、移民建镇
conversing farmland to lake, immigration and city
building）
– Jing River Project（荆江大堤）
– three gorges dam（三峡工程）
• South-North water transfer project（南水北
调）
 2-2 Irrigation measure
 Fix water project

Add channels that prevent

leakage/effective irrigation
area

Add water saving irrigation

area and technology
Dripping irrigation
Spewing irrigation

Rebuild low production

farmland
 2-3 Increase plant coverage
From 1998, started the
project conversing farmland
to grass and forst
• Conversing farmland to grass
• Conversing farmland to forest
Increase plant coverage can
 Decreased carbon 27.29%
 Keep water
climatic model simulated the
effectiveness of plant coverage
of the western of china: land
surface temperature decreases
as plant coverage increases,
which is helpful in raising
rainfall and soil moisture,
reduce the wind speed, sand
storm occurrences, prevent or
mitigate freezing dry hot heat
wave, drought and other threats
to agriculture.
 2-4 Sea water desalinification
• Up until 2006, china’s sea
water desalinification ability Projects of sea water
has reached 1.5 billion desalinfciation production
tonnes at the tonnes level
• Sea water desalinification
volume has reached 31,000
m /day
• The cost of sea ice
desalinification is decreasing,
now only 5 rmb/m3
 2-5 Sea ice desalinification-
Project by BNU

• Bohai coastal area is the important economic

zone of China terms （%）
China
沿
海
宁 Population 16.4
辽 经 GDP 22.8
济 Per capita 17.6
河北渤海新区 water
津天 resource
滨 带
海 Effective
新 20.6
区 irrigation area
河北渤海新区
Water amount 2%
黄河三角洲高 Liaoning, hebei,
效生态经济区
tianjin, shandong
 Sea ice desalinification
• China has adapted water chanelling measures
in solving the problems of water shortage.
However, this can only change the uneven
water distribution, it cannot increase the
level of water resources itself. Hence, we
must face the underlying shortage of water
in the region. Aside from water chaneling
from the region, we must also search for
fresh water resources in the north

工程调水：引滦、引黄、南水北调、东水西调等
• Bohai and north yellow sea froze due to low
temperature
• Winter wind and cold wave caused the sea ice
in bohai and north yellow sea to freeze and
form large amounts of sea ice
• Sea ice salinity（4‰～8‰ ）low than sea
water salinity（28‰～31‰）
 Sea ice desalinification
• Sea ice resource usage and research has its
chinese characteristics
Bohai is the ice forming sea
region with the lowest altitude
on the northern hemisphere
60
30
Bbohai sea’s sea ice region is
the heaviest population region
in the sea ice regions of the
northern hemisphere, and is
also the most economically
developed region

Sea ice research usage and

researched has opened up a
0
new area of sea ice usage. It is
an innovative scientific value
30 50 150 for the development of
humankind
40 渤海
60 120
90
 海冰资源量（亿m3）

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70

1987-1988
1988-1989
1989-1990
1990-1991
1991-1992
1992-1993
1993-1994
1994-1995
海冰资源量最大值

1995-1996
1996-1997
1997-1998

时间
1998-1999
1999-2000
2000-2001
2001-2002
海冰资源量平均值

2002-2003
2003-2004
2004-2005
2005-2006
2006-2007
2007-2008
海冰冰情等级
temperature of Yingkou

2008-2009
0
1
2
3
4

0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5

冰情等级
We have not obtained the statistical data for winter 2010’s sea ice
The sea ice amount and the winter mean
 Major science issues：

1. Desalination mechanism: can sea ice be

desalinified？

2. Sea ice reserve: worth exploiting(what about

volume and quality)？

一．技术工程问题：怎样实现淡化？海冰水
应用领域？
 3. Engineering issues -is doing
① sea ice desalination equipment and facilities-Sea ice desalination
② Sea ce collection equipment/establishment-Sea ice collection
③ Sea ice transport equipment/establishment-Sea ice storage
④ Sea ice desalination technics-production technics
⑤ Sea ice desalination engineering test-industry development
⑥ Sea ice water integrated use test-sea ice use
Ice investigation on the BH
Sea ice spatial distribution

1. It mainly
distribute close coast

a (轻冰年06/07) b (常冰年偏轻05/06) 2. It mainly

distribute in Liao
dong Bay

3.It is less 40km

from coast

c (常冰年89/90) d（常冰年偏重00/01）
 Sea ice spatial distribution
Sea area Weak ice year Weaker ice year Normal year Heavy ice year

Liaodong Ice amount（108m3） 13.4 23.8 25.1 28.3

Bay
% 100 89.2 63.8 50.1

Bohai Bay Ice amount（108m3） 0 1.1 5.0 11.0

% 0 4.2 12.6 19.4

Laizhou Bay Ice amount（108m3） 0 0 1.4 0

% 0 0 3.7 0

Middle area Ice amount（108m3） 0 1.8 7.8 17.2

% 0 6.6 19.9 30.5

Ice amount Ice amount（108m3） 13.4 26.7 39.3 56.5

In situ agricultural water demand 700 108m3

 Future plans
Research and development, pilot projects and
testing prior to production is currently in place
离心脱盐 岸边采冰 海上采冰

海冰输送 重力脱盐 海冰输送

 Future plans
Sea ice water agricultural use and coastal resource
integrated development and research is currently in place
修筑台田 阻排结合 覆冰洗盐

地膜保墒 海冰淡水灌溉 棉花长势

 Future plans
Anshan steel head office Has placed emphasis
on sea ice desalination, and is currently in
negotiation on cooperation and
industrialization
 3 Government support
3-1 Government support for water shortage
• Fiscal subsidies – return farmland to grasslands, return
agricultural lands to forests. From 1998 to 2016, returning
farmlands to forests shall receive subsidies of 300RMB per acre per
year for 5 years consecutively. One time 600 RMB subsidy shall be
given to tree planting projects on bare mountains
• putting sea ice desalination into industrialization.
Development subsidies and tax cut policies
 3-2 project supports
National support to the study of sea ice use
• “11th Five-year Plan”- Key NSFC project of China；
• “11th Five-year Plan” -National high science and
technology research project of China；
• “11th Five-year Plan” -Key Science & Technology
Support Project of China
• “11th Five-year Plan”-industrialization project of China
Thanks