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ABSTRACT: The rock samples are collected from Malabar region with the help of diamond core drilling. Some of
them are collected from nearby Kuthiran hills which is infamous for accidents. To provide a safe travel during all
seasons, a tunnel through Kuthiran hills is being planned. The direct compression test and the indirect Brazilian
tensile strength test are the main tests done in the laboratory to evaluate the parameters such as elastic modulus and
Poissons ratio etc. The parameters obtained from the laboratory tests are used for the analysis of proposed tunnel
section using the softwares MSC.Patran and MSC.Marc.
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S. J. Shah, V. K. Sowmya & T. R. Rajeswari
metamorphic rock. They are basic charnockite, has been charted. Rock samples with 50 mm
intermediate charnockite, normal charnockite, diameter and 25 mm thickness were prepared for
gneissic charnockite, biotite gneiss, hornblende Brazilian test and samples with 50 mm diameter
biotite gneiss, hornblende gneiss, pyroxene were used for uniaxial compression test as per
granulate, peninsular gneiss, mica gneiss and ISRM suggested methods.
weathered gneiss. Here Basic charnockite, Details of the tests and instrumentation adopted to
Intermediate charnokite and Pyroxene granulate accurately measure the strains, the compression
are non foliated metamorphic rocks and remaining and tensile behavior using Brazilian test to estimate
are foliated rocks. These non foliated rocks except the indirect tensile strength, etc are presented in the
Pyroxene granulate were obtained from Kuthiran following sections.
hills.
INSTRUMENTATION TO MEASURE
POROSITY AND DENSITY OF ROCK STRAIN
SAMPLES Strain is necessary to find out the young's modulus
Density and porosity of the obtained rock samples and Poissons ratio. To accurately measure the
were found out using the ISRM suggested deformations and strains, an instrumentation set up
methods. The density and porosity of various was prepared using resistance type strain gauges.
samples are given in table 1. Strain gauges of length 3 mm with resistance 350
Ohms were used. The strain gauges had a Gauge
Table 1 Density and porosity of the rock samples factor of 2.1. The measurement system is
Rock type Density Porosity completely independent. During the tests, the axial
(kN/m2) force from the testing machine was recorded as an
external channel to synchronize the data with the
Basic charnockite 26.15 0.005 stressstrain data.
Intermediate 26.55 0.005 A read out unit was devised for the measurement
charnockite of strain obtained from two strain gauges. The read
out unit consists of a circuit which has two
Normal 32.4 0.019 wheatstone bridges connected with two
charnockite multimeters. Each multimeter gave the initial and
Gneissic 26.5 0.022 final voltage from the respective strain gauge to
charnockite which it was connected. From the initial (VI) and
Biotite gneiss 25.35 0.01 final voltage (VO), using the gauge factor(GF),
strain could be found out using (1).
Hornblende biotite 24.63 0.016
gneiss Strain,= -1/[{(GFxVI)/4VO}+{GF/2}] (1)
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Compressive and Brazilian test on rock samples from Malabar and analysis of a tunnel through Kuthiran
with a spherical seating and the sample In the indirect Brazil tensile test, only the applied
arrangement is shown in fig. 2. The load was load and actuator movement are measured. The
measured. Uniaxial compressive strength, c, was compressive load is applied in a direction normal
calculated as the failure load divided by the initial to the specimen, circumferential surface inducing a
cross sectional area of the specimen. For all lateral tension to the specimen. The specimen is
uniaxial compression test specimens, the elastic loaded between two concave steel plates. This test
parameters, Youngs modulus (E) and Poissons was carried in accordance with specification of
ratio () were established. ISRM. Two strain gauges were mounted on the
either side of the Brazilian test specimen. The
orientation of the gauges was chosen such that one
gauge measured axial strain in the loading
direction and the other measured the strain
perpendicular to the loading.
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S. J. Shah, V. K. Sowmya & T. R. Rajeswari
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Compressive and Brazilian test on rock samples from Malabar and analysis of a tunnel through Kuthiran
Fig 8 shows the plot for lateral-stress vs linear (00, 300, 600, 900) [3,4]. For each orientation 3-5
strain for Hornblende biotite gneiss rock. The samples were tested. However elastic modulus and
initial part is linear. The slope of the linear portion Poissons ratio were calculated from instrumented
is taken as the Poissons ratio in all the cases. samples for 00 and 900 as there are the bounding
Table 2 shows the Poissons ratio for all the rock values. The Brazilian tensile strength test results
types when subjected to uniaxial compression test. are shown in table 3.
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S. J. Shah, V. K. Sowmya & T. R. Rajeswari
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Compressive and Brazilian test on rock samples from Malabar and analysis of a tunnel through Kuthiran
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S. J. Shah, V. K. Sowmya & T. R. Rajeswari
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Compressive and Brazilian test on rock samples from Malabar and analysis of a tunnel through Kuthiran
method used to construct the tunnel and on the between -2.250x10-6 to 1.33x10-4. Hence the tunnel
ground conditions. Tunnel boring machine being section adopted is safe in both the types of rocks.
the popular method for the construction of tunnel a
circular shape is adopted for the proposed road
tunnel [6]. Here semi circular tunnel section is used
for analysis purpose.
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S. J. Shah, V. K. Sowmya & T. R. Rajeswari
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