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( 
 ) 

F i = 0 i dA = 0 dA = 0
A

 '
( 
  )* + . 
  
      
 !"# $%


. ,  ,-.
 ,12 y + ,-. /0 

M = (dA) y

. 3  $% ,-. ""0 


4# /0 
5 
6
(  0 
6 %7"8

: 
      !

3
  
  9!  : 3 /1; < = + /1; < 9- % (  % 1> = %6

. @
(0 3 3 " @' 0 6  9 !(  
6
( >14 : ."; 
(

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A 



u = y tan u = y ???

x
e y tan y
= Lim u = Lim = y Lim = y Lim P =
x 0 x x 0 x x 0 x x 0 x P

y
=
P

: # $ %&' ( )' ' * +,

y E
= = =( )y
E P E P

E
dA = 0 ( P ) ydA = 0 : 0 B
 %
A A

E
ydA = 0 ydA = 0 '
2!# C8
D + E"F
 B
 %
P A

y=
Ay
i i
."; 
( 9
#   -
 C :0%
A i

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E 2 1
M = ( ) y dA = Ey 2 dA
P P

E 2 EI 1 M
P A
M = y dA M = R
{ = =
P  P EI

My
M = I =
y I

Mc
= . 0
# 
 
6
( < ."; 
( 
 %.0*: C
I

)
.

H ,  I 1#:0
 /"( 

MC
max =
I

wl 2 1 52
M max = = = 3.125 t.m = 3.125 105 kg.cm
8 8

. ,   '
(  ."; 
( ( 9 K2  %)

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M 



";
( ydA = 0
A

bh3 30(50) 2
I= = = 3.125 105 cm4
12 12

h 50
C= = = 25
2 2

3.125 105 25
max = max = 25 kg
max = 25 kg

3.125 105 cm 2 cm 2


 a = 1400 kg
cm 2
<
4 /"( % 

wl 2 S 8 1400 81.9
M = a S xx = a S x w = a2 x =
8 l 900 2

w = 5.73 kg
cm
= .573 ton
m

a = 1400 kg
cm 2
, w =1 ton
m
, lmax = ? (N
1 1

wl 2 8 .S 2 8 1400 81.9 2
M = a .S x = a .S x l = a x = l = 303 cm
8 w 10
M M wl 2 10(400) 2
a = S = = = S x = 142.86cm3 (
Sx a 8 a 8 1400

INP 160 117 cm3

INP 180 161 cm3

(@

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O 



wl 10 400
V
% /"( = max = 2 = 2
AV h.tv 14 0.5

: )
.

3(  I (L ) 3
6 %.0* . ,  a = 50 kg
cm 2
0 <
4 /"( % .
 )
. 

H


Mc Wl 2c 8I a
a = = l2 =
I eI wc

8 3.125 105 50
l= lmax = 707 cm
10 25

:)
.

=?

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P 



wl 2 200 2 2
M max = = = 100 kg.m
8 8

.";
( ydA = 0 y=
Ay i i
=
30 5 2.5 +3 (40 5) 22.5
= 10.73 cm
A A i 30 5 + 3 35

30 53 3 353
I = y 2 dA = I oi + Ai d ?? = + 30 5(10.73 2.5) +
2
+ 3 35( 22.5 90.73) 2
12 12
= 35737 cm 4

MC 100 100 10.73


= =  = 30.02 kg
cm 2
I 35737

100 100 (40 10.73)


=
 = 14.19 kg
cm 2
35737

:)
.

A = 18.2cm 2


I
I xx = 573 cm S xx = 81.9 cm S=
4 3

C


I yy = 25.2 cm S yy = 107 cm
4 3

max = ? (Q8


5+ 0
 


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R 



M wl 2 M (400) 2
= = = = 2442
kg

S 8S xx 8 81.9 cm 2

max = 250.6 kg
cm 2

: / % 0-.

@ %0V) U
S8%  0  91> 
S3T <
#  
6   '
! %  -1

. ,  W
(

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* '
% /"( \ % % %7"8
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:16  +% 3 %Y ,(  % ZG

.  "0  %-F 1F 6


 3
F  

P
p =
A


= MY
N
I

P MY
t =
A I

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] 



14 14
1 10 5 10 5
2000 2 Kg 2000 2 kg
A = = 1331 4
, B = + = +1111
cm
18.2 573 cm 18.2 573

: #:1(

H,  I  318T+   ,12 %6 /"( P=10 ton < :Q8

H   2( \ B
 < !# P=Pu  I < (^

H, I 'K 90 )B % _( P=1.2Pu < (N

ES =2.1106 kg
cm2

Eall=7105 kg
cm2

all=800 cm2
kg

s =2400 kg
cm2
= ? + all = 500  "0 $% % (

P = Fs + Fall

(Q8
Fl F l
S = Pl S = all
Es AS Es AS

FS + Fal = 10 ton Fall = 4.1ton




F = 1.44 F F = 5.9 ton
S all S

(^

}?
  2( [ "#[8T Fall = a Al = 800 25 = 2000 = 20ton

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` 



  2(   Fu = s . AS = 2400 12 = 28.8 ton 1.44 20 = 25.8


s

."    2(  a8 b# +%6

Pu = 20 + 28.8 = 48.8ton

(N

P = 1.2 48.8 = 58.56ton

(,  58.5b>48.8 ;%I).,  ,#
S3  9! % _(

F = 500 25 = 12.5ton

Fas = 28.8 > 1.44 12.5 = 18ton


(
Pu = 12.5 + 18 = 30.5ton

P2 = 1.2 Pu = 1.2 30.5 = 36.6ton

Fs 2 = 36.6 12.5 = 24.1ton

($    ! " #)  


    

FL 24100 200
= = = 0.19cm
AE 2.1 106 12

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c 



12 3-

42 ' 5 6 7 

N
;  
 ,8
* 
-  F(  91>  0  +% 3
 [X( /1;< 
; ,8
*

 C :0%  0 p +% 3


 ,  )
= :0% < N
; +% 3 .91>  .,  :0% <

: 1; %7"8 @+d= "0 %Y e%>

M=P. e
P M .y
=
A I

:
 ,  %% e%>  3 %6  /"(

P P.e y
= +
A I

.  9
* /"( ' % % +
2 <

P P.e y I
= + =0 y=
A I Ae

,  % 'T  /"( 0 ,  ; 8


=

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Z  %#<  0 +% 3 b# P 0 = 0 6  '


3 8
= #  " ,d>

.";  
# /6
0 e ,#:0 % < N+%; % .  % Z  
  .";  
 

.   b#:3 C :0%  .";  \ 


# /#: e% +  6; + C :0% <

  
6 < !# +  P :0% < N
; 0 +% 3 %Y 3 0 = 

. ,% 6; f  


6 )* '
:16  /1; 33 % e%>


6 )* 1; 
6%7"8  6 /#
13 ez , ey
  P %Y 3 f
DKg % 

. f #  .  "6; ,P.ey P.ez %% h (%(  >  z , y

:
 ,  %% z, y f
DKg  e%>  <  3  "#T % 1> /"(

P P.ez P.e y
= + +
A Iy Iz

:)
.

C 88 %6 ,  @ 9 !( B 3    88 + ' iF


 ABC ^


.  d = 27.3 cm F


; % + I = 8820 cm 4 Kg8 +
K , A = 103.9 cm 2 

H = 1.8,  L = 2.4m  P = 1350kg $%


  ^
  
+ 0 
6 /"( %.0*

.  "0  5

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A 



M B = 1620kgm :9*

'
( AB = H 2 + L2 = 1.8 2 + 2.4 2 = 3m

H 1.8
cos = = = 0.6 , sin = 0.8
AB 3

P
A < X
 1;%7"8 M = R A sin x = ( )(0.8) x = 0.4 Px = 540 x
2

.
  B 3 1;%7"8%.0* M B = 540(3) = 1620kgm

 ,  %%+ ,
Y AB)B% %   +% 3 P = R A cos = cos
2

P My P cos M B y

  B   ^
  
 + 0 
S"( %.0* = + = +
A I 2A I

d
MB( )
P cos

  B  3
 
(  
 /"( %.0* ( c )max = 2
2A I

(1350)(0.6) (162000)(27.3) kg
( c )max = = 254.6
(2)(103.4) (2)(8820) cm 2

d
MB( )
P cos 2 = 246.8
,  %% B  3
K( 
(  0 /"( %.0* ( t ) = + kg
cm 2
2A I

:)
.

/"( %.0* . ,  @ QD3 mm   9! % 


   b#  C

.  "0 ^
2* p 
 %Y ,(   @ bI0    
 + 0 @

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%% y  < z 


  1> /"(  % /1; ,( y  )*  #

:
 , 

P Mz
= +
A I

pa
z
P 4 2p z
= + = 2 (1 + 12 )
a 1 a 3
(a )( 3 ) a a
(a ) 12

a
:
 ,  %% + 
  z = 
  0 /"( %.0*
4

( t ) max = ( z = a4 ) = 8P
a2

a
:
 ,  %% + 
  z = 
  
 /"( %.0*
4

a 4p
( c ) max = ( z = ) = 2
4 a

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M 



:)
.

: < "(
->  # f
Dg  "0  5  %#< 9! I  K26

I Z = 27346 cm 4 , I y = 1544 cm 4 A = 94.84 cm 4

Iz 27346
e1 = = = 13.96cn
Ay (94.84)(20.65)

Iy 1544
e2 = = = 1.81cm
Az (94.84)(9)

}2e2
6 7 81 2e

. 
  3.62 + 27.92 
  <8 b# : K26 #%
"

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:)
.

@ K;
:#%0
; S73 % @   e%>  0 #
" C8
D < 
* #

"0  + # %  q 


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;. 
  =1.8 t/m3 #
" jDg '<+. , 

,  1 .5t/m2 %% # 


5  'T %.0* + "0 % _( ;  # l
(  0

H  "0 ^
2* # 
5   1 " + 1#:0
 
 
6 /"(.

F  L=1m ) # < K12

'(   ,12 # mmm "0 [

,% %a3   @%B @% ( b# fD

. 
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K( 
SK3  0

i; '<+ %Y ,(  @%B % ( #

e%>    @% k


; 
+

. , 6;  /"( #%K  # 


5

P M
= Q1 + Q2 %% @ F ,12 '<+ : P
A S

Q1 = 12 h(b a ) L = 12 (4.5)(2 0.8)(1)(1.8) = 4.86 T = c1


Q2 = haL = (4.5)(0.8)(1)(1.8) = 6.48 T = c2
P = Q1 + Q2 = 4.86 + 6.48 = 11.34 T

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P 



0 ,  Z  )* k
;
 "#T%+ Q2 + Q1 
6 '<+ %7"8 l14
 %% M 1; %7"8

."0  -> # 


5 e%>  C :0%<

ba b b a q h h
M = Q1 (a + ) Q2 ( ) + max ( ) = (4.86)(0.2) (6.48)(0.6) + 16 (1.5)(4.5) 2 = 2.15 T .M
3 2 2 2 2 3
P M Lb 2
= # 
  S = + A = bl = 2m 2 'I
A 6 6

11.34 2.15
= = 5.67 3.21 t / m 2
2 0.62

.
  B 3  1 "  
 /"(+ A 3  1#:0
 
 /"(

1#:0
 
 /"( : max = 5.67 3.21 = 8.88 t
m2

1 "  
 /"( : min = 5.67 + 3.21 = 2.46 t
m2

: )
.


6 /"( #<( =( ,2. ,  @ @ '
3 .. 
 "K  b#

<%K b# f
-
  . 
 @ @ '
3 <%(  ^T C 0 K+ B-A   


K jDg '<+. # 0 $% :4 % ( b# fD n


0  % 1> ,SF   % ( 
"S5

. ,  h=! %K % ( 3  0 AO

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R 



H = V = 12 h h 1

1
H = V = ( )(2.7)(10) (2.7)(1) = 36.4 KN
2

1
W = P = (1.8)(3)(1) 25 = 67.5 kn
2

M 0 = H (0.9) w(0.3) = 36.4)(0.9) (67.5)(0.3) = 12.5 KN .m

w MC 67.5 12.5 .9
= + = + = 37.5 + 23.2 = 14.3 KN / m 2 
A I 1.8 1 1.82
12

w MC
A = = 37.5 23.2 = 60.7 KN / m2 
A I

:)
.

 0 M   ,;"!# @%K2 


 b# 91( % 100150 mm I % ( b#

^
2* 3
6 o +   1; /"( %.0* .  % @
K   %KG 3
6  ( 3

. (  "0 %a3 p% % ( '<+ <) . "0 =(  ."; 


( 9  '
16 %+  "0

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] 



}
cos 30

WL 4 3 3
M = = = 1.5 KN .m M Z = M cos = 1.5( ) = 1.3 KN .m
8 8 2

1 1
IZ = (100)(150)3 = 2.81 107 Iy = (150)(100)3 = 1.25 107 mm 4
12 12
M z y M Y Z 1.3 106
= =
IZ Iy

A = +3.47 + 3 = 6.47 N
mm 2



B = +3.47 3 = 0.47 N
mm 2


c = 3.47 3 = 6.47 N
mm 2


= 3.47 + 3 = 0.47 N
mm 2


:)
.

.  "0 -
 C,B,A bI0 ,#
S3  q:F   %YX 1#:0
 
6 /"(

( % -
 3   #

S"( [
1()

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` 



(32 7 3-
6
)32 7  -
809

:F
( ""0 %Y .. q:F < AB C +  #
 0 #
6 /"( =( ,  ^ ()
.

.3
1 
 )
=(  bI0

F1 = 3 cos F2 = 2 cos F3 = 2 sin F4 = 1sin

+
Fx(Fn) = 0 N = F1 cos F2 sin F3 cos + F4 sin N = 1.29 N
Fs = 0 S = F1 sin + F2 cos F3 sin F4 cos S = 2.12 N

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Ac 



X = 1.29 N x = 2.12 N

F X=0 N = F1 cos F2 sin F3 cos F4 sin = 0

x dA = x cos 2 dA + xy dA cos sin + xy dA sin cos + y dA sin 2

 "!  p*  dA %B <

(1 + cos 2 ) (1 cos 2 )
x = x + y + xy sin 2
2 2

%7# r   b# <


"( 9#-(

x + y x y
x = + cos 2 + xy sin 2 (1)
2 2

x y
xy = sin 2 + xy cos 2 (A)
2
x + y x y
y = cos 2 xy sin 2 (G)
2 2

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A 



.#T  ,  (G) r +  6  % = 90 + , 


F () r

."0  W ,SF o ,  9- 3 '


16  x , y ,x y

(1 + 3) x + y = x + y = 1 + 2 = ,
Y

(:') ( min, Max )  -

.  1#:0
 x \  I q< 

x + y x y
x = + cos 2 + xy sin 2
2 2


6 /"(  6 % % +
2  9
* 4 K3 + #% 7 sK  ,-23 ()r < % 

."#T  ,   ( min, Max ) 

d x x y
= 2 sin + 2 xy cos 2 = 0
d 2

21
xy
tan 2 =
( x y )
2 21 = 180 + 21

=

.3 pdK; 90 0 %7#!#
 1 " + 1#:0
 /"(
= 90 +
1 1

.(31> 6%
S"( f
)

."#  
6 /"(  1 " + 1#:0
 
S"(

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AA 



(PRINCIPAP) :' 3-

x = 1 Max

y = 2 Min

( x y ) 2
???? A = + 2 xy
2

( x y )
2 xy
cos 2 = (II) sin 2 = (I)
x y
2
x y
( ) 2 + xy 2 + x 2 y
2 2

.# (3) + (1)  II + I o+ 7#


F


2
x + y x y
( ) max
x min = 1  2 = + xy 2
2 2

. "0  @
K   #<  
 K3 #+< % 

 3-
;2'0<

x y
xy = sin 2 + xy cos 2 (2)
2

. 6% % +
2  sK  + #% 7 sK \  ,-23 (2)  < % 

d xy
=0
d

( x y )
2 x y
tan 2 = =
xy 2 xy

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AG 



 F tu +
2  
S"( f

 9*
#+%.0* % /"( f
  #+<

. 


2
x
WD %.0* % 
S"( max
min =
y
+ xy 2 (3)
2

:
 3%% ""0  91> %.0* % 
6 /"( f
 +  0 1
 
6 /"(

x + y
=
2

!"# %7  6; @%16 


 /"( b#  16 % /"( %.0*
 #%
"

x + y = 0

\  6 % (G)   y , x % 


14 2 43

 

: @
73T  % +
2 xy \ 6 % (3)     
6 /"( %  

1 2
max =
2

.  % % /"( % % 'T  ( 2 , 1 )  


S"( 0   

x y
0= sin 2 + xy cos 2
2

x y xy
0= tan 2 + xy tan 2 =
2 x y
2

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AM 



.,  % 'T % 


S"( 0  

.,  K% % 60KN 0 +% 3 %Y ,( \850mm2  C     ()


.

. "0  5     ,-23 30 0 r#+<


   +   % + 1> /"((Q8

.,  I % /"( 1#:0


 (^

= 120 = 90 + 30 2 = 240

(Q8 (9*

 'T # @ '+ F 30 0   \ f


DKg @
7K   ,-23 "#7% 

.,  = 30 0

P 60 10 3 N
x = = = 70.6 ( /"() # /"(
6x ,SF
A 850mm 2 mm 2

}
70.6 }0 }
70.6 }0
x + y x y
x = + cos 2 + xy sin 2{ = 17.65 1>
2 2 { 240
0

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AO 



}
70.6 }0
x y }0
xy = sin 2{ + xy cos 2{ = 30.6 N (%)
2 240 240
mm 2

2
x y
max = + xy (^
2 {0

70.6
max = = 33.3 N
2 mm 2

.#+T ,     
6 /"( + f
SF ()
.

x =y = 0

.# % /"( o+ 3% %% y x


4"# 

}0 }0 2 1 = xy
x + y x + y
1 , 2 = + xy 2 1 , 2 = xy
2 2 =
2 xy

2 = 90 = 45 0
xy 1 1

tan 2 = = = tan 90 0
}0 }0
x y 2 = 270 0 = 135 0
1 { 1
180+ 90
2

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AP 



x + y x y
x = + cos 2 + xy sin 2{
2 2 2 45

x= xy sin 90 = + xy

.#+T ,  = 60 0  /"( ()
.

x + y x y
x = 30 x = + cos 2 + xy sin 2
2 2

y = +20

30 + 20 30 20 N
xy = 10 x = + cos120 10 sin 120 = 1.16
2 2 mm

= 60

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AR 



 -
=8'

2
x y
R = max = OM = ON R = + xy 2
2

1 = ave + R 

2 = ave R 

x 0 
 max K+

x + y
x = ave =
2

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A] 



-
0>  ?<

1 > 2 > 3 :  %

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A` 



9!   @ @ '


3 "( ,8
* % ()
.
#<
2   @%# (Q8
 "0  5   
6 /"( (^
#+T , 
 v% 
 /"( + %.0* % /"( (N

 /"( 0   @# 9!  F(



6x K  0 ,  ,1 F+ %

(,-.),  0 
 


6 %> pd; C q:F  '+  9#
1(
 ,1  F+ '
16 % %YX % /"(

 %#<+ 
  ,  p%B  + ( x , xy ) f
DKg
 x 4 K3  (,-.) ,>

%  % 

x = 50 y = 10
X Y
xy = 40 xy = 40

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Gc 



x + y 50 10 N
ave = = = 20
2 2 mm 2

2
x y 50 (10) 2
R = + xy 2 = + 40 2
2 2

R = 50 N
mm 2

R = 30 2 + 40 2 R = 50

N
1 = max = ave + R = 20 + 50 = 70
mm 2

N
2 = min = ave R = 20 50 = 30
mm 2

40
tan 2 = = 26.6 0
30
2 = 53.13
N
max = R = 50 1#:0
 % /"(
mm 2

N
= ave = 20 
 /"(
mm 2

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G 



,  ^ %#< 9!  @ @ '


3  /"( ,8
* % ()
.

 
6 /"( +  f
 (Q8

 q:F % %YX /"( 


6 8X (^

pd;  \@ @ C q:F '+ <

,   F 300 1 ,>



6 %>

.#T 

x + y 100 + 60
ave = = = 80 N
2 2 mm 2

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GA 



N
CF = OF OC = 100 80 = 20
mm 2

N
R = (CF ) 2 + ( FX ) 2 = (20) 2 + (48) 2 = 52
mm 2

48
tan 2 = = 2.4 2 1 = 67.4 0 , 1 = 33.7 0
20

N
max = OA = OC + CA = 80 + 52 = 132
mm 2

N
min = OB = OC BC = 80 52 = 28
mm 2

N
x = ok = OC KC = 80 (52) cos 52.6 = 48.4
mm 2

N
y = ol = OC + CL = 80 + (52) cos 52.6 = 111.6
mm 2

= 180 60 67.4 = 52.6 0

N
xy = k x = 52 sin 52.6 0 = 41.3
mm 2

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GG 



. "0    + /"( ,8


* %   @%# ()
.

. "0 =( 
  = 20 0 % 0 %D"> lde +   , , , 
6 /"(

x = 840

y = 280

= 20 0 2 = 40 0

x + y 280 840 kg
ave = = = 280 2
2 2 cm

kg
R = 840 280 = 560
cm 2

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GM 


kg
= R sin 40 = 560 sin 40 = 354.46
cm 2

ave + R = max

x + y x y
= + cos 2 + xy sin 2
2 2

ave R = min

840 + 280 840 280 kg


= + cos 40 = 708.98 2
2 2 cm

x y 840 280
= sin 2 + xy cos 2 = sin 40 = +359.96
2 2

x + y x y
= cos 2 + xy sin 2
2 2

840 + 280 840 280


= cos 40 = 148.98
2 2

:[%( '
#
5

. "0 -
  @%# =  ,8
*  
6 /"( ()
.

( 3 = 0) 6  % % +


2 %3T 
 K3 3 K+

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GO 



50 + 30
ave = = 40 X = 50
20
2

N
R = (10 2 ) + 20 2 = 22.36 22..4 Y= 30
20
mm 2
1 = ave + R = 40 + 22.4 = 62.4

2 = ave R = 40 22.4 = 17.6

 =8' @7  <


9!  F(


( a")  
6  +
6 /"( ( Q8

.
 @%0 '+ 45 0 @<3  0 %D"> +  
6 /"( (^

1#:0
 % 
S"( (N

. 6 '
3 @%0  5 '+ %
"> 
6 9! +  w#
K3

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GP 



x = 1120

y 420

xy = 280

2 = 38.65
2 xy 2 280
tan 2 = = = 0.8
x y 1120 420
Q8 ) 1 = 19 .32 = 19 .20
0 0



2 = 90 + 19.32 = 109 0.20

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GR 



+ y x y
2
, = x + xy 2
1 2 2 2

 1218.21 kg
2 1 max x
1120 + 420 1120 420 cm 2

1 2
, = + 280 2
=
2 2 321.79 kg 2 2 min y
cm

1120 + 420 1120 420 kg


) = 2
+
2
{ + 280 sin 90 = 1050
cos90
cm 2
2


}90
= x y sin 2 cos2 = 350 kg
2
xy
cm 2


1120 + 420 1120 420
= 2
+
2
cos 270 + 280 sin 270 = 440

= 90 + 45 = 135
1120 420
= sin 270 280 cos 270 = 350
2


2 = 270

2 = 38.56 0 = 38 0.33
2 xy 2 280
tan 2 = = = 0.8
x y 1120 420 2 = + 38.56 = 128.65 = 123 0.40 = 64 0.20
2

# +

x + y x y
= + cos 2 + xy sin 2 = 770 kg
2 2 cm 2

x y
= sin 2 xy cos 2 = 448 kg
2 cm 2

1 2 1218.21 321.79
max = = = 448.21 kg 2 = 44.8 N
2 2 cm mm 3

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G] 



2 = 51.34 = (51.34) = 128.65 = 64.32 0


1120 420 1
tan 2 = =
2 280 0.8
2 = 128.65 + 180 = 154.32

%  .%  % h 


S6
 !( 
x  210 c f%* F  :   b#()
.

^
2* pq 9#
    % + 1> 
6 /"( 
# /#: 930 c  f%* F

. "0

 'T >
4( h#%e + = 11.7 10 6 c 1   : (%* v
2-3 h#%e

. "0 $% E = 2.1 10 6 kg


cm 2

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G` 




  K2 p%B + 'I 8+ %0   5 )B 
#< = lT @<3   <T  % 

.%  
4# X 
 /"( 'T

PL AE
= P=
AE L

= 30 0 2 = 60 0

AE
X
P
= = L = E = E ( LT ) = ET
A A L L

X
or = l = E. { = ET or X = 0 = + x = E
=T E

x = ET = (2.1 10 6 )(11.7 10 6 )(93 0 210 ) = 1769 kg = 176.9 N


cm 2 mm 2

}0 }0
x + y x y
1> /"( x = + cos2{ + xy sin 2
2 2 60

1769 1769
x = + cos 60 = 1326.75 kg 2 = 132.67 N
2 2 cm mm 2

}0
x y }0 + 1769
"( xy = sin 2{ + xy cos 2 = sin 60 0 = 766 kg 2 = +76.6 N
2 60 2 cm mm 2

= 30 + 90 9- y2 
 = 30
4"#

: )
.

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Mc 



   
6 /"( ,SF +  .
  3 b#  + +
6 /"( ,SF+ 
 "0 =( : 3

dA %% AB C ,*
2.3 F+ % /"(AB 
 C +

:#T  ,  ( /"() 1


(  2#3  s K OAB%D"> )
=( 8
=

( )
F1 dA = 2(2 p)dA cos 60 0 + 2 3 p dA cos 30 0 1 = 5 p1

dA %mmm% :mmm 3CB+ OACmmm ,*


2mmm Emmm5 ldmmme  +
2mmmK OABzmmm. 'mmmI

.3 F+ % /"( OH.


 

3
+ 3 pdA = 0 2 = P
3 1

 K  )
=( 8
= 2 dA 2 PdA
2 2 2

9!m %D"> +   


6 /"(+ "
  
 +  
6   +  #%
"

.,  @ {g %#<

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M 



+  m% /"( .  @ 0 15t +% 3    @%#  C


    ()
.

. "0 ^
2*    % ."0 <+
4( 600 kg < #
-3 } < b# | 6
cm 2

R2 R
V 4
=
VQ
= 2 3 = 600 V 4 = 600
It R 4
3R 2
2R
4

%m 50KN m 


m +% 3 ,( 25mm e+ % 
     b# ()
.

300 m#+< 
m +%m 3 %Y o;  ,-23 0   +   % + 1> 
S"(.

. "0  5 6  9 !(

= 20 Mpa
= 94.6

. % 9! s


 C /"(  %D">

 "0 =( %6 @%# < @


K 
 (Q8

 
6  +
S"(

.,  @%0 '+ 450 @<3  0   + 


S"((^

.1#:0
 % 
6 /"( (~

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MA 



= 770 % 0  %  + c @%# :0% (9*

= 770
%    C A l
= + C :0%  @%# E .
  A 3 9
= 230

C A = 448kg / cm 2

2 = 770 448 = 322, 1 = 770 + 448 = 1218  


S"( %6  @%#
% ZQ8


  190,200   + x   #+< #%
" 2 = 38 0 ,40 #+< +

= 19 0 ,20 + 90 0 = 109 0 20

Dm3  m  %6 +  ,  @%0 '+ 450 @<3  0   + 


6 /"( (^

.  {g 2 = 90 0.


D m3 f
DmKg < .m
 m 90 38 0 40 = 510 20 %%  + CD o;  #+<

:m 3 D m3
m6 /"m(.m"#T Em ,  = 350 kg , = 1050 kg 
S"(
cm 2 cm 2

kg kg
.(N 9! "3
) .
  = 350 , = 440
cm 2 cm 2

9! "3
) @ =( E , E v
3   B%  + 1#:0
 % 
6 /"( (~

.(

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
MG 



: 
  A

>
4( " h  + "0 +% 5 k6 '3
 < % ( @
 0 "K26 W
 K+ %#< o+ :K!3

.
 bI0  ; % (

-6' C- 7 -6' 2 B'7

>
4( "" 9! % _(

."; 
(
( % ( 3 QKg 
6
( 
 :y

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
MM 



/1;  % ( < = b# 9! % _(

y
u = y  K% %a3 
 p%B  y ,-. ,SF % 
x
 8+ )B @"6 '
3 s  )B #%
" 
13 3%0 3 | 6 ,( ab C

DC + AB  +  F 
6
(

u du d
lim s = y lim
# = y
S 0 S 0 s ds ds

du
=  % .";< y 
  0
  % ( < 
( ; /3%0 '
16
ds



s = %B<
= s
p

du
ds = d
y ds

ds
} }E
d 1
lim = = =k=
S 0 s ds p y

(q
"3 l
= E!>) (
5
0):K

my
}I
M
1 M
1 M M
1 d 2V
* = * = * =
Ey EI dx 2

d 2v M
2
=
dx EI

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
MO 



y
* =

<+ @mT ,   {8
; /1; < 
3 
6 9! % _( < @
K 
 o : o+ :K!3


m6 9!m %m _( '%m0 %a"% .,  @#% %a"%
S3T  i% < 
3 
6 9! % _(

#

S3T  0  F+ 6 #
".K   8+ ,  /g ,#
e %.0  i%< 
3

.,% %a3   % 


6 9! % _(


DE
'   A
 /2< 'F8 >

d 2v
1 dx 2 v 1 d 2v
= = *

[1 + (v) ]
3 3
2 2 2 dx 2
dv
2

1 +
12dx3
 

:q
"3

.
 ,-. 
6y ,1  'T %=( 0 ,  ,-. K+ "" b#

. $% ,-.


 p%B  V %  )
. %  $> m
# v ,d>  % % 

d 2v M
2
=
dx EI

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
MP 



d 2v M d 2v }
" !
dm
2
= M = EI = EI v = V
dx EI dx 2 dx

d 3v
% V = EI = EIv
dx 3

d 4v
(@%K2 
)+% 3 q = EI = EIv
dx 4

 B8'

% @
 !( Z

v ( 0) = 0 " 


x = 0
= dv = 0 #

dx

(!Kn Z D)@
@
 !(ZA

@
 !( 9 x = 0 " 
V (0) = 0

# h  x = 0 M = 0

<T 
SK3 ZG

V = 0

x = 0
M = 0

:
 K 
#< 
6 h  % ( >
4( "" 0 (

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
MR 



tan = V , = Arc tan v

1 d d ( Arc tan v ) dx
k= = = ds 2 = dx 2 + dv 2
ds dx ds
1
ds dv
[ ]
2 1
= 1 + ( ) 2 = 1 + (V ) 2 2
dx dx

d v
( Arc tan v ) = ( 2)
dx 1 + (v ) 2

1 d v
(1), (2) K = = = (3)

[1 + (v) ]
3
ds 2 2

,  q = 0 
 :0%1K 
% 

% @
K   %< f   >
4( U
6%( 923% f 
=
4"  )
*

:6

v = >
4( "" '
 % _(

dv
= = v = >
4( "" h 
dx
d 2v }
" !

M = EI 2 = EI v = /1;
dx

d 3v
V = EI = EIv = i%
dx 3
d 4v
q = EI 4 = EIv = 

dx

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
M] 



)
.

  + EI ,
Y 1; Kg + L  @%B % ( b# <T 
SK3% M1 1;%7"8

% ( >
4( "" r =( ,2

v(0) = 0 M ( L) = + M 1

<% o#% x = L  <% v%
(0) = 0 V ( L) = 0

d 2v
1; %7"8 EI = M = M1
dx 2

dv
h  EI = M 1 x + c3 EIv(0) = C3 = 0
dx

dv
EI = M 1 x EIv = 1 M 1 x 2 + c4 + c3 x
dx 2

2
EIV (0) = C 4 = 0 v = M 1 x
2 EI


 ,1  >
4( "" '
! % _( 06  '
3 @T ,   4 K3 ,-. ,d>

.
 

M1L
 '
# + +
2 <T 
SK3  >
4( h  .6   X=L  v #%K :
EI

.


Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
M` 



)
.

 m"#
13  91* + "0  ; %3T 
 ,3+  +  %K 12 (
T 91* % x 1=

/"m( m
 50cm(
mT m; m; %+ % 91* '%0 ;
 +20mm (
T ! (

E st = 2.1 10 5 N  
13 -
 #T  F (
T  0 1#:0

mm 2

yE
3 #%(
 
 y = 10mm =
P

>
4( "" $% 0 6  '
3 9-  (1) 8
=
 (3) 8
= 2#
 :K!3

.
  *+
 2#
  ( V )2 '13 %3 p%
 )
= ,g(

: )
.

E I %m ( 1; "" .,  $+% 


5 p%B  ,;"!# @%K2 
 ,( @
% ( b#

% ( >
4( "" =( ,  ^ .,  ,
Y 'T 3
6 )B [
1( 

=0
(.
  f 'T  
-3 :0%1K 
 % ( b# % )
q=0

[+ F 9 23%# 8


= < @
K 
 (Q8

[
SI F 9 23%# 8
= < @
K 
 :^

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
Oc 



RA + BB = 0 L
L
M =O 0 L L + RB( L) = 0 RB = w
A 2 2

d 2v Lx 0 x 2
EI = M =
dx 2 2 2

dv 0 Lx 2 0 x 3
EI = + C3
dx 4 6

0 Lx 3 0 x 4 }0
( A) EIV = + C3 x + C 4
12 24

 6  %  C3  A  

}
x =0

v(0)
# EIv(0) = 0 C4 = 0

0 L3
EIv( L) = 0 C 3 =
24
+ 0 x 4 + 0 L4 0 3
+ C3 x = +c L v = ( Lx 2 L3x + x 4 ) ( B )
24 24 3 24 EI
5w0 L4
at x = L / 2 vmax =
384 EI

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
O 




SI F 923% 8
= < @
K 
 9*

d 4v d 3v
^) EL = q = 0 EL 3 = 0 x + C1
dx 4 dx

d 2v 0 x 2 + c x + c
EL =
dx 2 2 1 2

M (0) = 0 , or , EIv(0) = 0, C2 = 0
<% i+
M ( L) = 0 , or ELv( L) = 0 =

=
0 L2 + C1 L C1 =
0L
2 2

 B    # ' %


6   x = L 2  '
! % _( %.0*

:#T  ,   '
!% _( %.0* 
  Q8 ,8
* s
 y2 8
-3

5 0 L4
v max =
384 EI

DE
' G > 

:)
.

. "0  5  %#< 
% b# + % %2!# % ( 
S"0+

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
OA 



d v
@%K2 
 q : EI = 0
dx

d 3v
(1) V = EI = 0 x + C1
dx 3

d 2v x2 + C x + C
(2) ."; %7"8 M = EI 2
= 0
2 1 2
dx

(3) h  : EI
dv x 3 + C1 x 3 + C x + C
= 0
dx 2 2 2 3
v = 0 C 4 = 0

x = 0 dv
(4)[% % _( v : EIv = 0 x 24 + C1 x 6 + C2 x 2 + C3 x + C4
4 3 2
= dx = 0 C3 = 0

4
0 L4 L3 L2
v = 0 + C1 + C2 =0
24 6 2
X = L

M = 0
2
0 L2
2 + C1 L + C 2 = 0

5WL WL2
)S4 A 8
= A : C1 = + C2 =
8 8

0 x 4 5 Lx 3 L2 x
V = + [% % _( 8
=
EI 24 8 6 16

dv x 3 5 Lx 2 L2
= v = = 0 +
dx EI 6 16 8

x2 5 Lx L2 x1 =
" %7# + ,-. !# ^FA
v = 0 x + = x =
6 16 8 2

,  )- 9
 ,-. ^F

L20
 x = o M ( 0) = M A =
8

5L 5 0 L
i% V = + wo x + V (0) = Ra =
8 8

30 L
V ( L) = Rb =
8

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OG 



. "0  5  q ,;"!# @%K2 


 %Y ,( @
% ( b# >
4( ""

.,  % 3
6 o +  
4# "" h 

qLx qx 2
M =
2 2

I @
 !( < x 
  1; %7"8

d 2v M qLx qx 2 dv qlx 2 qx 3
= EIV
= EI = + C1 ( A)
dx 2 EI 2 2 dx 4 6

(x = L 2 ) V (12 ) = 0 C qL3
( A)
V = 0 1 =
24

qLx 2 qx 3 qL3
. 6 %A 8
=   C1  EIv = +
4 6 24

qLx 3 qx 3 qL3 x
.#%  )%7 K3 A< EIV = + + c2 v =0 x =0 
12 24 24

V = (0) = 0 C 2 = 0 % ( >
4( "" 8
= V =
qx
24 EI
( L3 X 3 2LX 2 ) ( B)

m B m8
=  x = 1 2 ' %m
m+ m
-  % ( 3
6 o +  ( ) 1#:0
 '
! % _(

#T  , 

5qL4 d 4v
= Vmax = EI = 4 = q %7# #%B
384 EI dx

d 3v qx 2
EI = qx + C1 EIv = + C1 x + C
{2
dx 3 2 0

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
OM 



"
  % % ( 
SK3 +  1; 
6%7"8 +
6 '
!% _(

qx 3 x2
EIv = + c1 + c2 x + c3
6 2
qx 4 x3 x2
v ( 0) = v ( L ) = 0 EIv = + c1 + c2 + c3 x + c4
24 6 2 {
0

ql ql 3
v (0) = v(l ) = 0 c1 = , c2 = 0 , c3 = c4 = 0
2 24

qx 4 ql 3 x qlx 3
EIv = + + +0
24 24 12

:)
.

@%K2 
 ,( 0  @%B % ( 1#:0
 h  + 1#:0
 '
! % _( + >
4( ""

.#+T  ,   
 ,;"!#

q( L x) 2
M =
2
V = q ( L x)

6 7v8
d 2v
EI ( 2 ) = M = q ( L x)
2

dx 2

}v
qL3
EI ( ) = M = q ( L x)
dv 3
+ c1 ,  % %% h  @
 !(  V (0) = 0 C1 =
dx 6 6

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
OO 



qx q (l x) 4
(A) v = (3L2 3Lx + x 2 ) EIv = + C1 x + C2
6 EI 24
qx 2
( B) v= (6 L2 4 Lx + x 2 ) + C2
24 EI

qx 2
v(0) = 0 @
 !( 9 * v: c 2 = 0

&'
v = (6l 2 4l x + x 2 )
24 EI

X=L "#:7#
F
 0 
  % ( <T 
SK3  1#:0
 h  + 1#:0
 '
! % _(

#T  , 

qL4 qL3
(B) = v( L) = ( A) = v( L) =
8 EI 6 EI

(. 9
 'F8 > @7

d 4v d 3v
EI = q EI = qx + C1 (k )
dx 4 dx 3

:%#< f  * v% 


  % x =L  % +% 3 'I

d 3v
= 0 C1 = qL  6  
 "3
   +  6  % K 8
=
dx 3

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
OP 



()
.

"0  91(  q0 %.0* f


 .. 
 0   @
% ( '
!% _( "" 8
=

 "0 =(

)
= ,  #+% 3 .. 
 "#T%

qoL
L
2
B
  F
2

B @
 !( <

qo L L
M B = 0 R A ( L) =
2
( )
3

+
q0 L q0 L q L
RA = Fy = 0 R A + RB = RB = 0
6 2 3

RB = q0 L q0 L = q0 L
2 6 3

d 2v q0 L 1 x x q L q
EI = =M M ( x) = x ( x)( )(q 0 )( ) = 0 x 0 x 3
dx 2 2 2 L 3 6 6L

d 2 v q0 L q
EI 2
= x = 0 x3
dx 6 6L

dv q 0 L 2 q 0 4
EI = x x + C1
dx 12 24 L

q 0 l 3 q0 5
EIv = x x + c1 x + c2
36 120l

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
OR 



q0 L q x
= y= 0
y x L

qL qx x x
x+ +M =0
6 L 2 3

* o#% v(0) = 0 (1), v( L) = 0 ( 2)

(1) C2 = 0
q0 L4 q0 L5 7
( 2) + C1 L = 0 : C1 = q0 L3
36 120 L 360
q0 x
v= (3 x 4 + 10 L2 x 2 + 7 L4 )
360 EIL

[
SI -(% 9 23%# 8
= < @
K 
 [+ #%B

d 4v q x q
EI 4
=q= 0 = 0 x
dx l l

d 3v q0l 2
EI = x + C1
dx 3 2l

d 2 v q0 3
EI = x + C1 X + C 2 ()
dx 2 6l

dv q0 4 1
EI = x + C1 x 2 + C2 x + C3 (A)
dx 24l 2
q0 5 q0 l }0 }0
EIV = x + C1 x 3 + 1 C 2 x 2 + C 3 x + C 4
2
(G)
120l 6

* o#%

v(0) = 0

3
C4 = 0

v(0) = 0

1
C2 = 0

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
O] 



q0 L4 q0 L4 7
v ( L) = 0

3
+ C3 L = 0 C3 = q0 L3
120 6 6 360
2
q0 L qL
v( L) = 0

1
+ C1L C1 = 0
6 6

q0 x
(G)   %#
 "#:7#
F V = (3 x 4 10 L2 x 2 + 7 L4 )
360 EIL

:)
.

=( 
  M :0%1K %7"8 b# %Y ,( 0   @
% ( '
! % _( "" 8
=

. "0

M A = 0 RB ( L) + M = 0
M
M = RB L RB =
L
+
M
Fy = 0 RA + RB = 0 RA =
L

0 xa

M
M = RA x = x
L

M
L x 0 x a
M =
axL
M( x 1) 0 x L
L

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
O` 



M x
M = RA x M = x M = M ( 1)
L L

 
13  v2 + v1 h (%(  CB + AC 
SK12   '
! % _( "" 8
=

d 2v M
EI 2
=M = x 0 xa
dx L


EI d 2v x
= M = M ( 1) axL
dx 2
L

}v1
dv M
EI 1 = x 2 + C1 0 xa
dx 2L

v2
}
EI dv 2 = M ( 1 x 2 L ) + C axL
dx L 2
x 2

M0 3
EIV1 = L x + C1 x + C 3 0 xa

M 1 1
EIV2 = 0 ( x 3 Lx 2 ) + C 2 x + C 4 axL
L 6 2

:* o#%

v1 (0) = 0

1
C3 = 0

v2 (l ) = 0 ( 2)
v1 (a ) = v2 (a ) (3)

M M
v1 (a ) = v2 (a ) (4) 0 a 2 + C1 = 0 ( 1 a 2 La ) + C2
2L L 2

C1 = C 2 + M 0 a (5)

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
Pc 



M 0 1 3 1 3
( 2) ( L + L ) + C 2 L + C 4 = 0 C 4 = C 2 L + 1 M 0 L2 ( 6)
L 2 6 3

M0 3 M
(3) a + C1a = 0 ( 1 a 3 1 La 2 ) + C 2 a + C 4
6L L 6 2

C1 a = 1 M 0 a 2 + C 2 a + C 4 (7 )
2

  4 K3 7
( 5 o+ 9* <

M0
C1 = (3a 2 + 2 L2 6 La )
6L

M0
C2 = (3a 2 + 2 L2 )
6L

M 0a2
C4 =
2
M0x
v1 = (6aL 3a 2 2 L2 x 2 ) 0xa
6 LEI

M 0 x 1 2 1 3 3a 2 + 2 L2 a2 L
v2 = Lx x x+ axL 
LEI 2 6 6 2

() 9! % Q8


g C 3 '
! % _( 0 ,8
* 

+ % ( 3
6 o + ,  M0 %7"8 0 K+ .
 

( a = 1 2 )  

(A)9! , 6g3 '


! % _( c 3

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P 



:)
.


  P 
 ,( i<T 
SK3  0   @%B @% ( b# '
! % _( "" 8
=

. "0 -
 : 3  <T 
SK3 #+< + '
! % _( .#+T , 

}v
d 2v
EL 2 = M = p ( L x)
dx

}v
dv
: EI = P ( Lx 1 2 x 2 ) + C1
dx

}0 }0
EIV = P ( Lx 2 1 x 3 ) + C1 x + C 2
2 3

* o#%

V ( 0) = 0 C2 = 0

V (0) = 0 C1 = 0

Px 2
V = ( x 3L )
6 EI

pL2 pL3
= V ( L) = ( L 3L ) =
6 EI 3EI

PL2
= V ( L) = p( L( L) 1 2 L2 ) = PL2 + P 2 L2 =
2 EI

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PA 



:)
.

+  % 9#
 !n @
 !( A 3  0  ABC% ( AB ,12 '
! % _( ""

% ( '
! % _( 9 23%# 8
= < @
K 
 
-  ..  
 ,( BC ,12 

.,  I i+
40  AB 3
6  '
! % _( 1#:0
 . "0 =(

qL L qL
MA = 0 LR B =
4
( L + ) : RB =
3 3

qL qL
F y = 0 R A cos 60 0 RB +
4
= 0 : RA =
6

qL
EIv = M = RA cos 600 x = x 0 xL
12

qL 2
EIv = x + C1
24
qL 3
EIv = x + C1 x + C2
72

v(0) = 0 (1) v( L) = 0 ( 2) (1) C 2 = 0

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PG 



qL4 qL3
(2) + C1 L = 0 : C1 =
72 72

qLx 2
EIv = (L x2 ) (3)
72

. 6  % % +
2 v sK 1#:0
 '
! % _( 9 =( %

ql L
V = ( L2 3x 2 ) = 0 :x =
72 EI 3

L
.#T  ,   1#:0
 '
! % _( (3) 8
= x = "#:7#
F

3

qL4
vmax =
108 3EI

.
  [
SI -(% 9 23%# 8
= < @
K 
 y2 # 9* %7# #%B

d 4v
EI = q = 0
dx 4

d 3v
EI 3 = C1 EIv = C1 x + C2
dx

EIv = 1 C1 x 2 + C2 x + C3 EIv = 1 C1 x 3 + 1 C2 x 2 + C3 x + C4 C4 = 0
2 6 2

:* o#%

C2 =0
}
v(0) = v (l ) = 0 v (0) = 0

qL L qL
EIv( L) = M B = = C1 L C1 =
4 3 12

'
!% _( "" 8
=
43T <+ % )%7K3 ,
Y 
SI W * v% 
SI < @
K 


#T  ,   (3) 8


=

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PM 



HF  7 % ' '6 

2 EI 2 EAr 2
7' #' Pcr = =
L2 L2

#:7#
F )%  %3T 
 %K10 [0 %6  "0  ^
2*  + %6 I y + I x I -
 % :I

cr   @ 
3 3% /"( \  3% 
  v% /"(   "0 

Pcr 2 EAr 2 I
cr = = r= ;%I l
=
A AL2 A

2E
cr = 2
L

r

L
"# 'K %n h#%e  ,-23
r

%n h#%e 9
 1> 
 /"( 13
N
E = 2 10 5
mm 2

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PO 



+% 42' 5 

:0%  P 9#-( %

P Mc
max = +
A I

M max = PVmax + Pe = P(Vmax + e)

P (Vmax + e)c P
max = 1+ Vmax = e(sec 1)
A r2
2 Pcr

P L Pcr Pcr
Vmax = e sec( ) 1 P= FS =
EI 2 FS P

P ec P L
max = 1 + 2 sec( )
A r EI 2



P ec P
max = 1 + 2 sec
A r 2 Pcr

P 1
=
Pcr F .S

:)
.

@ 9 !( 3 @ 9DK %7#!#  #


6    0 9!I  + < 3K

( %K# ) I x = 863.28 cm 4 + A = 22.94 cm 2 B


 < b# %6  C . , 

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PP 



. 
  ( %K =e ) I y = 71.09 cm 4

,  I 'K 3% 


 
  36ocm 'T )B + @
'K 
S6
 !(

Kg
E = 2.1 10 6
cm 2

I x = I x = 2 I X = 2(863.28)1726.56 cm 4

[ ] [ ]
I Y = 2 I y + Ad 2 = 2 71.09 + 22.94(5 2 ) = 1289.18 cm 4

I min = 1289.18 Le = L = 360 cm

@
@
 !( % +

2 EI min (3.14) 2 2.1 10 6 1289.18


p cr = 2
= = 206171 Kg
Le (360) 2

Pcr
p all = = 82.4 TON
2.5

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PR 




S6
 !( + ,  $+% 2.5m )+ 50 100  C  I 'K b# : )
.

. ,  @ $% @
'T p%B +

N N
. 
 y = 44 10 6 2
, E = 13 10 9 2 % 
m m

'K %n h#%e Z

'K 3% 
 ZA

' 
F /"(  3% /"( ,-23 ZG

. #
13 91( 2.5 '
" 1B h#%e
 3(  'K 0 <
4 
 %.0*ZM

I 1 2
r= I Y = I min = hb
A 12

1 hb 2
12 b2 b b 50
r= = = = = mm
hb 12 12 2 3 2 3

LC 2.5 10 3
%n h#%e = = = 173.2
r 50
2 3

2 EA 2 (13 10 9 )(0.1 0.05)m 2


2) Pcr = 2
= = 2138.50 N
Lc (173.2) 2

r

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P] 



Pcr 21385
cr = A = (0.1 0.05) = 4.277 10
6 N 2
m

3)
4.277 10 6
cr = = 0.0972 cr = 9.7% y
y 44 10 6

Pcr 21385
4) Pall = Pmax = = = 8.56 kN
FS 2.5

/3
10 6  $%  %  'I % 13 % /3
10  ,+ | 6 /0 ,( >

. %  % ; 
F  ' 0 %Y  
 K

N N
/"() all = 12 2
\ E = 0.125 10 5 % 
 %K A 'K b#:)
.
mm mm 2

:'K 
= K , 6=2.5 + (<
4

( 3  0 100 
 (Q8

. "0 91(  ( 3  0 200 


 (^

P = 100 KN L = 2m

2 EI
F .S = Pcr = 2.5(100) = 250 KN
L2

2 EI Pcr L2 (250 10 3 )(2 10 3 ) 2


Pcr = I = = = 8106 10 3 mm 4
L2 2E 2 (0.125 10 5 )

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P` 



1 4 1 4
I= a a = 8106. 10 3 a = 99.3mm 100mm
12 12

P 100 10 3 N N
= = = 10 < 12 1 &()
A 100 100 mm 2
mm 2

'K  
 /"( )%K"0

= P = 12 = 100 10 a = 91.3m
3

A A = a2
. "0  ^
gK3  %KI0a : K!3

*= 

.,  )- 9
 *  8 ,  <
4 /"( < %K!I0 @T ,  /"( 'I

^)

P = 200 KN Pcr = 2.5(200) = 500 KN

Pcr L2 (500 10 3 )(2 10 3 )


I= = = 16210 10 3 mm 4
E
2
(0.125 10 )
2 5

1 4 1
I= a a 4 = 76210 10 3 a = 118.1mm
12 12

,  <
4 /"( < %K : /"(  'I
P 200 10 3
N
= = = 14 .34
A = a (118 .1) 2 mm 2 
 13 )- 9
 @T , m @<3

P 200 10 3
% #
  'K m Cmmmm +
A= = = 16667 mm 2
all 12
.  
13 =( 'T 
 ,+

a 2 = 16667 a = 129 .1 mm

. 
  h
" 130*130mm  b#

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Rc 



@ K;
\ @ @ f
Dg
 B   3 b# < %K 2.45 ) AB 'K : )
.

. , 

%  B% 
 /"(+ <
4  
 \ A '
" 1B h#%e %8+  < @
K 
 ( Q8

.  "0 ^
2* W 'K

% %K   ` ,#:0% < N+%;


 @T ,  Q8 ,12  0 <
4 
  "0 $% (^

 @  8( %.0* 


 /"( + 'K 
  '
! % _( \ f #  % + 'K

.  "0  5  'K

A = 2284mm 2 I = 3.33 10 6 mm 4 r = 38.18mm c = 50mm

<T 
SK3 b#+ % % b#  'K 'I Le = 2 L = 2(2450) = 4900mm

2 EI 2 (2.1 10 5 )(3.33 10 6 )
Pcr = 2
= = 287456 N = 287.5 KN
Le (4900) 2

Pall 143.75 10 3 N
all = = = 62.44
A 2284 mm 2

P
^) :0% < N
; 
 Vmax = e sec( ) 1 = 19 sec 0.707 1
2 Pcr 2

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R 



Vmax = 19(2.252 1) = 23.79

P ec P 143.75 10 3 19 50
m = 1 + 2 sec( ) = 1 + 2
sec( )
A r 2 Pcr 2284 (38.18) 2 2

N
m = 155.64
mm 2

:)
.

o#% $%
 .   !( ,0%* 9
 % n 
S6
 !( % D
SK3 +  !#
  

\H %0 6; 
4# /3
10    t f%* F 
e I >
4( 
K  )T @#

.  "0 $%    (%* v


2-3 h#%e

FL
L = L = : F = AE
AE

( F = Pcr ) .   Pcr 3% 


 %% F "0  3
10   K+

2 EI 2I
Pcr = = F = AE =
L2 AL2

:)
.

+% !"# $%


 ,  @ 9 !( '
2!# E"F + 
 b#
   + < ABC 
5 %;

 P 
 # %K  '(  #+< I ,( . % f 'T 
> /3
10 %Y 
5%* Kg#


(0 < < ) H %0 +
5%; %
2

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
RA 



. ""0 3
10 '
:16 BC,AB  + 0  6; 1#:0
 K+ P 


2 EI
FAB = (Pcr ) AB = = P cos
( L cos ) 2

2 EI
FCB = ( Pcr )CB = = P sin
( L sin ) 2

:  4 K3  + %B '%0  2( <

tan = cot 2 = Arc tan(cot 2 )

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
RG 



:)
.


S6
 !( 
SK3 +  2.5 5 cm 
= + 9 K2 % 
   'K b#

%8+ )% 'T % 0 'K L )B #%( @


(0 . ,   
 
 b# ,( + @

H ,  I 
  W
 3% 
 %

Kg Kg
.  "0 $% E = 2.1 10 6 PL = 2100    h
"( *
cm 2 cm 2

H  6; I 'T  3% 


 /"( 
 120cm )B  'K %  ^

Pl  6  % cr 
F 

Pcr 2 EI
'K  3% /"( cr = =
A AL2

1
2 (2.1 10 6 )( 5 2.5 3 )
2 EI 12
L2 = = = 5140.42
A Pe (2.5 5)(2100)

L = 71.71 cm

^)   @
K  %8+ )% < L = 120cm > 71.70 'I

6 4I-
7 48
1
Pcr 2 EI
2 (2.1 10 6 )( 5 2.5)
12 kg N
cr = = = = 750 = 75
A AL 2
2.5 5 120 2
cm 2
mm

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
RM 



:)
.

 "0 ^
2*   BC > '%0 3
10 z>
 0  P 3% 
 9!  F(


( 9D B,C)

+ PL P
M A
2
FBC cos 45 L = 0 FBC =
2

Pcr 2 EI 2 EI
Pcr = FBC FBC = = : Pcr =
2 ( 2 L) 2 2 L2

:)
.

I p 
 3%  . % f 'T 
> /3
10 %Y  @<
Kg# +% !"# $%


.  $% =30. #+< . 


 

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
RO 



. ""0 3
10 6
 >  %6 0 ,g# 6; +% /3
10 %Y  K+ : @<

FAD = FCD : # '


( ,-23

P = FBD + 2 FCD cos (1)

2 EI 20.19 EI 2 EI
( Pcr ) AD = ( Pcr ) CD = Le = 0.7 L
= ( Pcr ) BD =
} L 2 L2
L ( )
( e )2 cos
cos

2 EI 2 EI EI
1) Pcr = 2
+2 cos = 36.1
L (
L 2
) L2
cos

:)
.

P=4050kg :0% < N


; 
 ,( 1.80m )B + 5cm 5cm 
=+ % 
 3K

$%
 . 
  2.5m %% + % 
6% < !# K  e :0% < N+%;   @%

.  #
 'T   
 /"( %.0* 
 @

S6
 !( 
SK3 +  'K !"#

Kg
. 
  E = 2.1 10 6 
  >
4( h#%e
cm 2


mmmm P 
 +% 3 %Y mm3 E  "0 mmm $%mmm

6; fm X mmmmm )mmmmm* 'mmmmmK /1;

e = EO = 2.5cm ,%


  x  )* ABC z. +
K %% + x  )* %  +
K

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
RP 



5
3
5 2( )3
AC (OB) 2
I x = 2( I ABC ) x = 2 =2 = 52.08 cm 4
12 12

P M max P Pe KL
max = + = + sec
A S A S 2

Ix 52.08
S= = = 14.73 cm 3
OB 5
2

P 4050 6.04
K= = =
EI x (2.1 10 )(52..08) 1000
6

4050 4050 2.5 6.04 180 Kg


max = + sec = 162 + 805.13 = 967.13
55 14.73 2000 cm 2

:)
.

EI 'mmmmmmK + % ( ."; , - H "0  3


10 CD 'K P 
 I ,( 9
 9!

. ,  %% + %6 )B + 
 

'K % + F 
 +% 3 K

mmmm "0  mmmmm =mmmm(  CD

3%
%%  'T Emmmmmmmmm

.  6 mmm %mmm CD 'mmmK

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
RR 



C 3 
6 '
! % _( 
<
v%  "0 %a3 p% 'K  9! % _( < % 

.   K3 %#< fD

=
,
5 PL4 FL3
= , =
384 EI 48 EI

5 PL4 FL3 5 PL
= = F=
384 EI 48 EI 8

. #T ,  Pcr "=# P 


 3%   6 % +
2 ( Pcr ) cd
  F +% 3 %  )
*

5 PL 2 EI EI
= : Pcr = 32.3
8 (0.7 ???)2 L3

:)
.


 . ,  @ 9 !( I 9* 3
 +
K + L ) '
2!# 
> < W 9! 
5 %;

.  "0  5   'T 


> < !# /3
10 %Y 
5 %; Kg# +% z>
 0  Pcr 3%

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
R] 



P P
F y = 0
F1 cos 30 = : F1 =
1

2 3


P P
Fx = 0

1
F2 cos 60 = : F1 =

2 3 3

P
Fy = 0 F3 = F1 =
2

3

P
Fx = 0

2
F4 = ( F1 + F3 ) cos 60 =

3
P
. 
 
S3T 16 
 +% 3 + "
  
 ,( ,CD.BC,AB
6>
3

+% K+
5%; + "
  3% 
6>
S3T  %6 ,  %% : 3 >  # )B 'I

2 EI
. % 3% 
 %%
S3T ; +% 3 0 :# 
L2

Pcr 2 EI 3 2 EI
F1 = F4 = = : Pcr =
3 L2 L2

:)
.

z>
 0 3%
 "
  I 9* 3
 +
K  716 9#V 9! 
5%; 
>

. "0  5   'T 


> < b# /3
10 HHHHH
5%; Kg# +%

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
R` 



Fy = 0

1
F2 cos 45 = P : F2 = 2 P 



Fx = 0
F1 = F2 cos 45 = P
1



Fx = 0

2
F3 cos 45 = P : F3 = 2 P 



Fy = 0 F4 cos 45 = P
2



S3T 16 
 +% 3+ "
  
 ,( AE,BE,CE,DE 
6mmm> #%
"

; K+
5%;. ""0  3
10 6
  %6 ,  '
2!# : 3
S3T )B 'I."
  2 P

2 EI
.% 3%
 %%
S3T ; +% 3 0 :#% 
L 2
( )
2

2 EI 2 2 EI
F 2 = F3 = 2 Pcr = : Pcr =
L L2
( )2
2

:)
.

b# %Y ,( +  % BE,AD,AC 


6 'K + % 9! s
 W '< - 2F

+" fD
6 'K  . 
  0.1W +
2 ( 

# 8:8< < 
3 )  +% 3

: @<

( 
 3(  I W '<+ %.0* . 
  @ @ '
3 
=
 8
; (

H :#%3 +% /3
10 @#5 %Y 

kg
. 
  2.1 10 6 >
4( h#%e
  
6 'K E"F
cm 2

H"K26 #
5
S3K
#T ,+
 
=+ /3
10 
= %a3<

Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com
]c 




   
 o
S3T % + 
 "
  D
SK3 + 
6 'K 'I
+

M A = 0 FAC cos 60 0.1w 4 FBE = 0 FBE = 0.495 N

+

F x = 0 FAC cos 60 0.1w = 0 FAC = 0.2 w

+
Fy = 0 FAC cos 30 + FAD + FBE w = 0 ; FAD = 0.33 w

 ,  !1 /3
10 FBE>FAD + 
  '
2!# 'K  %6  0 #  F(


 "0  ^
2*  'K + # < b# %6 /3
10 
 #%
" . 6  AC
# BE 
S3K

. ,% 6; f ( Q =e  ) Z  )*


6 'K # /3
10 \

12(8) 3 9(5) 3
IZ = = 418.25 cm 4
12

2 EI Z 2 (2.1 10 6 )(418.25)
( Pcr ) BE = = = 42.81 t
L2 (450) 2

42.81 t > 0.495 w w = 86.81 t

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] 



2 EI Z 2 (2.1 10 6 )(418.25)
( Pcr ) AC = = = 32.11t
(
L 2
) (450 )2
cos 30
cos 30

32.11 t > 0.2 w w =< 160.55 t

%K10 86.48ton < #


 w :#%3 +% /3
10 @#5 %Y   : @<
!"# % #%
"

. %0 6; 3
10 BE 'K % 86.48t %% 3
"I 


Copyright by:www.Afshinsalari.com

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