CE 374 K Hydrology

CE374K

RunoffHydrographComputation

DaeneC.McKinney
 Example (7.4.1)
Example(7.4.1)
Recall: Shoal Creek Flood, May 24-25, 1981 (Example 5.3.1)
Find:
-hr
hr unit hydrograph

Direct Excess
Time Runoff Rainfall
Time
1/2 hr cfs in
10:00 PM 1 428 1.06
10:30 PM 2 1923 1.93
11:00 PM 3 5297 1.81
11:30 PM 4 9131
12:00 AM 5 10625
12:30 AM 6 7834
1:00 AM 7 3921
1:30 AM 8 1846
2:00 AM 9 1402
2 30 AM
2:30 10 830
3:00 AM 11 313
 Example(Cont.)
Direct Excess
ExcessRainfall:M =3pulses Time Runoff Rainfall
Time
Streamflow:N =11pulses 1/2 hr cfs in
10:00 PM 1 428 1 06
1.06
UnitHydrograph:N M +1=9pulses 10:30 PM
11:00 PM
2
3
1923
5297
1.93
1.81
11:30 PM 4 9131
n< M 12:00 AM 5 10625
Q1 = P1U1 Qn = PmU n m +1 12:30 AM
1:00 AM
6
7
7834
3921
m =1
Q2 = P2U1 + P1U 2 1:30 AM
2:00 AM
8
9
1846
1402
2:30 AM 10 830
Q3 = P3U1 + P2U 2 + P1U 3 3:00 AM 11 313

Q4 = P3U 2 + P2U 3 + P1U 4

Q5 = P3U 3 + P2U 4 + P1U 5
Q6 = P3U 4 + P2U 5 + P1U 6
Q7 = P3U 5 + P2U 6 + P1U 7
Q8 = P3U 6 + P2U 7 + P1U 8
Q9 = P3U 7 + P2U 8 + P1U 9
 Example(Cont.)
ExcessRainfall:M =3pulses Qn Pm
Streamflow:N =11pulses Direct Excess
Time Runoff Rainfall
UnitHydrograph:N M +1=9pulses Time
1/2 hr cfs in
n< M 10:00 PM 1 428 1.06

Qn = PmU n m +1 10:30 PM
11:00 PM
2
3
1923
5297
1.93
1.81
m =1 11:30 PM 4 9131
12:00 AM 5 10625

428 = 1.06U1 12:30 AM

1:00 AM
6
7
7834
3921

1923 = 1.93U1 + 1.06U 2

1:30 AM 8 1846
2:00 AM 9 1402
2:30 AM 10 830
5297 = 1.81U1 + 1.93U 2 + 1.06U 3 3:00 AM 11 313

9131 = 1.81U 2 + 1.93U 3 + 1.06U 4

10625 = 1.81U 3 + 1.93U 4 + 1.06U 5
7834 = 1.81U 4 + 1.93U 5 + 1.06U 6
3921 = 1.81U 5 + 1.93U 6 + 1.06U 7
1846 = 1.81U 6 + 1.93U 7 + 1.06U 8
1402 = 1.81U 7 + 1.93U 8 + 1.06U 9
Example (Cont.)
Example(Cont.)
Direct Excess Unit
Hydrograp
Time Runoff Rainfall h
1/2 hr cfs in cfs/in
1 428 1.06 404
2 1923 1.93 1079
3 5297 1.81 2343
4 9131 2506
5 10625 1460
6 7834 453
7 3921 381
8 1846 274
9 1402 173
10 830
11 313
 Direct
Runoff

Example Time
0
1
Pi
0
2
Ui
0
404
P1Ui P2Ui
0
808
0
0
P3Ui
0 0
0
(cfs)

808
Three period storm: 2 3 1079 2158 1212 0 3370
3 1 2343 4686 3237 404 8327
1st period: 2 in rain 4 2506 5012 7029 1079 13120
2nd period: 3 in rain 5 1460 2920 7518 2343 12781
3rd period: 1 in rain 6 453 906 4380 2506 7792
Find: DR using UH from last ex. 7 381 762 1359 1460 3581
8 274 548 1143 453 2144
9 173 346 822 381 1549
10 0 0 519 274 793
11 0 0 0 173 173
 Unit Hydrographs
UnitHydrographs
1in.ExcessRainfallin2hrstorm 2in.ExcessRainfallin3hrstorm
(0.5in/hr) 2hrUH 2*runoffof3hrUH
1in.ExcessRainfallin12hrstorm 1/2in.ExcessRainfallin3hr
(1/12in/hr) 12hrUH storm 1/2*runoffof3hrUH
1in.ExcessRainfallin24hrstorm
(1/24in/hr) 1dayUH
 Lagged Hydrograph
LaggedHydrograph
Givena2hrUH,a4hrUH
canbederived.
Plotthe2hrUH
Plotanother2hrUH,lagged
2 hrs
2hrs
AddtheordinatesoftheUHs
anddivideby2toget4hr
UH

Time (hr) 2-hr UH (cfs) 2-hr UH (cfs)-Lag2 4-hr UH (cfs)

0 0 0
1 60 30
2 200 0 100
3 300 60 180
4 200 200 200
5 120 300 210
6 60 200 130
7 30 120 75
8 10 60 35
9 0 30 15
10 10 5
11 0 0
 S Hydrograph
S
Continuously
lagginga1hrUH
representsthe
directrunofffrom
acontinuous
excessrainfallof1
in./hr.
Thisisan
hi i
S Hydrograph
 UH of Different Duration from SH
UHofDifferentDurationfromSH
LaggingtoobtainUHofa
differentdurationis
restrictedtomultiplesof
theoriginalduration
Toobtainanonmultiple
durationUH,usetheS
Hydrographmethod
PlotanS Hydrograph
PlotanotherS
Hydrograph,laggedbya
timeintervalequaltothe
desiredduration
Takethedifference
betweenthetwotoget
newUH
 Hydrographs of Different Duration
HydrographsofDifferentDuration
SH (0.5) = t [UH (t )] = 0.5[ 404]

S
S Hydrograph SH (1) = 0.5[UH (1) + UH (0.5)]
Time 1/2-hr
UH S-hyd
N M +1
SH (t ) = t UH (t jt ) hr cfs/in cfs
j =0 00
0.0 00
0.0 00
0.0
= t [UH (t ) + UH (t t ) + ... + UH (t ( N M + 1)t )] 0.5 404 202
1.0 1079 742
5000 1.5 2343 1913
4500 20
2.0 2506 3166
4000 2.5 1460 3896
3500
3.0 453 4123
ograph (cfs)

3000
3.5 381 4313
2500
40
4.0 274 4450
S - Hydro

2000

1500 S-hyd
4.5 173 4537
1000 Lag S-hyd 5.0 0 4537
500 5.5 0 4537
0 60
6.0 0 4537
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
Time (hr)
 Hydrographs of Different Duration
HydrographsofDifferentDuration
Advance
Advance(lag)theS
(lag) the S Hydrograph byatimeequalto
by a time equal to
thenewdesireddurationt
Subtract this Lagged S Hydrograph SH (t t )
SubtractthisLaggedS
fromtheoriginalS Hydrograph togetthenew
UnitHydrographwithdurationt

UH (t ) =
1
[SH (t ) SH (t t )]
t
 Hydrograph of Different Duration
HydrographofDifferentDuration
3000

2500 1/2-hr UH
1.5-hr UH
Find: 1.5-hr UH from -hr UH
Unit Hydrograph (cfs/in)

2000

1500

1000

SH (t t ) UH (t ) =
1
[SH (t ) SH (t t )]
t
500

0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
Time (hr)
Time 1/2-hr Lagged 1.5-hr
UH S-hyd S-hyd UH
hr cfs/in cfs cfs cfs/in
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 404 202 0 135
1.0 1079 742 0 494
15
1.5 2343 1913 0 1275
2.0 2506 3166 202 1976
2.5 1460 3896 742 2103
3.0 453 4123 1913 1473
3.5 381 4313 3166 765
40
4.0 274 4450 3896 369
4.5 173 4537 4123 276
5.0 0 4537 4313 149
5.5 0 4537 4450 58
6.0 0 4537 4537 0