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2015 Krebuli Abit Kartuli Ena Da Literatura Savaldebulo Gamocda PDF
2015 Krebuli Abit Kartuli Ena Da Literatura Savaldebulo Gamocda PDF
erovnuli gamocdebisaTvis
savaldebulo gamocda
2015
1
gamocdebis erovnuli centris
qarTuli enisa da literaturis jgufi
2
s a r C e v i
Sesavali ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
sagamocdo programa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
I. qarTuli ena ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
II. qarTuli literatura ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
misaRebi gamocdis moTxovnebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
testuri davalebebis nimuSebi da Sefasebis sqemebi ---------------------------------- 9
I. teqstis redaqtireba -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
a) davalebebis nimuSebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
b) Sefasebis kriteriumebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
g) komentari ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
II. argumentirebuli ese ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16
a) davalebebis nimuSebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16
b) Sefasebis kriteriumebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
g) komentari ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
III. wakiTxulis gaazreba da mxatvruli teqstis analizi ---------------------------- 20
a) davalebebis nimuSebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20
b) wakiTxulis gaazrebis Sefasebis sqema ------------------------------------------------------- 76
g) mxatvruli teqstis analizis Sefasebis kriteriumebi ------------------------ 77
d) komentari ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82
abiturientebis mier Sesrulebuli naSromebis nimuSebi ------------------------ 83
I. argumentirebuli ese ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83
II. mxatvruli teqstis analizi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88
3
Sesavali
4
sagamocdo programa `qarTul enasa da literaturaSi~
(savaldebulo gamocda)
I. qarTuli ena
5
II. qarTuli literatura
9. aleqsandre
WavWavaZe leqsi `gogCa~.
10. grigol leqsebi: `Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~, `saRamo gamosal-
orbeliani mebisa~, `pasuxi SvilTa~.
6
14. aleqsandre
yazbegi moTxroba `xevisberi goCa~.
leqsebi: `Cemi vedreba~, `ram Semqmna adamianad~, `kai yma~, `ias uT-
xariT turfasa~; poemebi: `aluda qeTelauri~, `baxtrioni~, `stu-
15. vaJa-fSavela mar-maspinZeli~; moTxroba `amodis, naTdeba~; publicisturi weri-
li `kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi~.
16. daviT
kldiaSvili moTxroba `samaniSvilis dedinacvali~.
17. niko
lorTqifaniZe moTxroba `Selocva radioTi~.
18. konstantine
gamsaxurdia romani `didostatis marjvena~.
19. mixeil
javaxiSvili romani `jayos xiznebi~.
20. polikarpe
kakabaZe piesa `yvaryvare TuTaberi~ (I da IV moqmedebebi).
24. giorgi
leoniZe leqsebi: `ninowmindis Rame~, `yivCaRis paemani~.
25. guram
rCeuliSvili moTxroba `alaverdoba~.
28. guram
doCanaSvili moTxroba `kaci, romelsac literatura Zlier uyvarda~.
7
misaRebi gamocdis moTxovnebi:
abiturients moeTxoveba:
enis gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa (rogorc leqsikuris, ise gramatikulis)
adekvaturi gamoyeneba;
enobrivi konstruqciebis sworad ageba da Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo
enis normebis dacva;
sxvadasxva daniSnulebis teqstis Sedgena;
mxatvrul teqstTa leqsikis gageba;
literaturuli masalis safuZvelze problemis dasma, gaazreba da analizi;
nawarmoebis Temisa da ideis, motivebis, calkeuli dialogebis, mxatvruli
saxeebis, situaciis, koliziis arsisa da personaJTa qcevis motivaciis adekvaturi
gaazreba;
argumentebis logikurad, damajereblad Camoyalibeba da Sesabamisi magaliTebiT
gamyareba;
literaturuli nawarmoebis (an misi nawilis) analizi, komentari;
literaturul nawarmoebTa Soris msgavsebebisa da gansxvavebebis migneba da
SedarebiTi analizi;
mwerlis enis, stilis ZiriTadi Taviseburebebisa da gamomsaxvelobiTi
saSualebebis swori aRqma da gaazreba;
literaturuli teqstisadmi individualuri damokidebulebis gamovlena.
8
I. teqstis redaqtireba (20 qula)
1.
halikarnasi, dRevandeli bodrumi mcire aziis erT-erTi ulamazesi qalaqi iyo. mis
mTavar RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgenda mefe mavsolis didebuli akldama. samarxis
mSenebloba mefis sicocxleSive daiwyo. arqiteqtorTa CanafiqriT, samarxs ro-
gorcYyvelaze mdidrul nagebobas qalaqi unda daemSvenebia. es iyo berZnuli taZaris
msgavsi Senoba. igi Semkuli iyo marmarilos qandakebebiTa da bareliefebiT, romelic im
droindelma saukeTeso moqandakeebma Seqmnes. bareliefebze gamosaxuli scenebi amor-
ZalebTan berZenTa brZolas ansaxierebda.
mavsole gardaicvala Zvel welTaRricxvis IV saukunis 50-ian wlebSi. mis mierve
agebul akldamaSi dakrZales igi, romelsac mavsolis pativsacemad mavzoleumi uwo-
des. XIV saukuneSi mavzoleumi Zlierma miwisZvram daangria. igi sabolood ganadgur-
da XV saukuneSi jvarosnebis Semosevis Sedegad. oqrosa da ganZeulobis maZieblebma
samarxi srulyofilad gaZarcves. jvarosnebi kedlebisagan marmarilos filebs gli-
javdnen qandakebebs amsxvrevdnen. halikarnasis nangrevebze maT aaSenes pirquSi da miu-
vali simagre wminda petres cixe.
XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi mavzoleumis mimdebare teritoriaze daiwyo arqeologi-
uri gaTxrebi. arqeologebis mier moxda mavzoleumis naSTebis, bareliefebisa da qan-
dakebebis fragmentebis aRmoCena ramac mis mraval saidumlos mofina naTeli.
2.
kunZuli rodosis mosaxleobas swamda rom mas mzis RmerTi icavda. rodoselebma
gadawyvites heliosis giganturi qandakebis (kolosis) ageba, radgan amiT pativi ecaT
TavianTi mfarvelisaTvis. Tavdapirvelad Tixidan gamoiZerwa figura romelic garedan
jer cviliT Semdeg ki isev TixiT ifareboda. cvilis saSualebiT Tixis or fenas er-
TmaneTisagan ancalkevebdnen da maT Soris brinjaos asxamdnen. rodesac liToni civ-
deboda, Tixis garss amtvrevdnen, figuras fxikavdnen da aprialebdnen. qandakebas na-
wilnawil akeTebdnen da iarusebad awyobdnen.
samuSaoebi 12 wels gagrZelda. heliosis qandakeba marmarilos kvarcxlbekze idga
da mas gvirgviniT Semkuli Wabukis saxe qonda. qandakebis simaRle 37 metri iyo. mis sa-
naxavad uamravi mogzauri modioda. 56 wlis Semdeg qandakeba Zlieri miwisZvris damsa-
xurebiT daingra. rodoselebs ramdenjerme ucdiaT, rom fexze wamoeyenebiaT damxobi-
li goliaTi magram maTi yvela cdebi marcxiT damTavrebula. bolos is iyida erTma
mdidarma vaWarma romelmac nawilebad daSlili qandakebis gatana moaxdina 900 aqle-
mis meSveobiT.
mecnierebi didxans ikvlevdnen rogor gamoiyureboda rodosis kolosi. qandakebis
Seqmnisa da aRmarTvis rTuli teqnikis gamo igi msoflios saocrebaT iTvleba.
3.
9
radgan misTvis cxelsa da utyeo babilonSi cxovreba Seemsubuqebia. misi brZanebiT,
iSviaTi mcenareebi mravali qveynebidan SemoutaniaT.
nagebobas hqonda piramidis forma da Sedgeboda oTxi iarusisagan. iarusebs svetebi
iWerda. TiToeuli svetis simaRle ocda xuTi metri iyo. evfratis wyliT irwyveboda
baRebi, romelic iq specialuri wyalsaqaCi borblebiTa da tyavis WurWeliT ahqondaT.
sarwyav wyals rom ar gaeJona iarusebis zedapiri jer lerwmiT ifareboda Semdeg ki
masze warmoebda noyieri miwis dayra. amdenad, maRali koSkis farTo iarusebze gaSene-
buli baRebi sakmaoT rTuli nageboba iyo.
SuamdinareTis mkvidrni Tixas zilavdnen da saSen masalad iyenebdnen rac Zalian
iafi jdeboda. samwuxarod, Tixa gamZle ar iyo, amitomac babilonelTa nagebobebis
kvalic ar darCa.
4.
5.
kalistrate salia daibada 1901 wels samegrelos sofel jgalSi. 1920 wels igi Tbi-
lisis saxelmwifo universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetis studenti gaxda. sab-
WoTa xelisuflebam salias dapatimreba moaxdina ramac evropaSi xmauri gamoiwvia.
amis gamo mas da ramdenime sxva qarTvel patimars germaniaSi wasvlis ufleba mices.
saliam jer berlinis universiteti daamTavra Semdeg _ parizis universitetis istori-
ul-literaturuli fakulteti. kalistrate salia iyo antisabWoTa frontis aqtiuri
wevri. igi germanul jarSi Seqmnil qarTul nawilSi Caewera raTa fiqrobda, rom ger-
mania saqarTvelos gaanTavisuflebda. salia aqtiurad monawileobda qarTvel samxed-
ro tyveTa gamoxsnisa da ebraelTa gadarCenis procesSi.
1948 wels kalistratem meuRlesTan erTad daafuZnes Jurnali bedi qarTlisa. es
Jurnali iyo yvelaze pirveli qarTvelologiuri gamocema evropaSi. igi 35 welis gan-
mavlobaSi gamodioda safrangeTis samecniero kvlevis erovnul centris daxmarebiT.
Jurnalma romelmac Tavi mouyara ucxoeTSi moRvawe qarTvelologebs, mniSvnelovan
rols asrulebda qarTuli kulturis popularizaciaSi. kalistrate salia iyo oslos
universitetis sapatio profesori ara-erTi samecniero sazogadoebebis wevri. kalist-
rate salia gardaicvala 1986 wels parizSi. igi daasaflaves levilis sasaflaoze.
1988 wels, salias anderZis TanaxmaT misi ferfli didubis panTeonis miwas miabares.
6.
mixeil (mixako) wereTeli daibada 1878 wlis 23 dekembers zemo imereTis sofel
cxrukveTSi. quTaisis klasikuri gimnaziis damTavrebis Semdeg man swavla ganagrZo ki-
evis universitetSi saidanac moxda misi garicxva, raTa aqtiurad iyo CarTuli poli-
tikur saqmianobaSi. mixako wereTels romelsac Zalian saukeTeso evropuli ganaTleba
qonda miRebuli sorbonis, Jenevisa da haidelbergis universitetebSi, saqarTvelos de-
10
mokratiuli respublikis diplomatiur misiebs xelmZRvanelobda germaniasa da skandi-
naviis qveynebSi.
bolSevikur ruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis gamo mixako wereTeli iZulebu-
li gaxda, rom samudamod daetovebia samSoblo. emigraciaSi myofi mecnieri nayofierad
moRvaweobda. igi arCeuli iyo didi britaneTisa da irlandiis samecniero sazogadoe-
bebis namdvil wevrad. garda amisa igi iyo `qarTvel tradicionalistTa kavSiris~ da-
fuZnebis erT-erTi moTave. meore msoflio omis wlebSi mixako wereTelis Zalis-xmeviT
germaniis sakoncentracio banakebisgan asobiT qarTveli ganTavisufldnen. saxelovanma
mecnierma da mamuliSvilma mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana rusTvelologiis ganviTare-
baSi. 1963 wels parizSi daibeWda `vefxistyaosani~ romelic gamosacemad moamzada mixa-
ko wereTelma. 1975 wels gamovida poemis miseuli prozauli Targmani germanul enaze.
1945 wels igi sacxovreblaT gadavida miunxenSi sadac ganagrZobda samecniero moRva-
weobas. mixako wereTeli dakrZalulia safrangeTSi levilis sasaflaoze.
7.
8.
eqvTime TayaiSvili daibada 1863 wels sofel lixaurSi. quTaisis klasikur gimnazi-
is dasrulebis Semdeg man swavla ganagrZo peterburgis universitetSi. 1887 wels igi
samSobloSi dabrunda da Tbilisis gimnaziaSi maswavlebelad daiwyo muSaoba. TayaiSvi-
li aqtiurad monawileobda ara-erT arqeologiur eqspediciebSi. man daaarsa saisto-
rio-saeTnografio sazogadoeba rasac ToTxmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi xelmZRvanelobda.
es sazogadoeba miznaT isaxavda gaCanagebidan exsna Cveni kulturuli memkvidreoba. eqv-
Time TayaiSvili gaxldaT saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli kre-
bis Tavmjdomaris moadgile. igi iyo Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis erT-erTi da-
maarsebelTagani.
1921 wels saqarTvelos mTavroba iZulebuli gaxda, rom emigraciaSi wasuliyo da
Tan waeRo samuzeumo Zvirfaseuloba. oficialurad ganZis mesakuTre mTavroba iyo Tum-
ca erovnul saganZurs faqtobrivad eqvTime TayaiSvili meurveobda. miuxedavad prob-
lemebisa eqvTimem yvelaferi gaakeTa radgan Rirseulad Seesrulebia es Zalze umniSv-
nelovanesi misia. safrangeTSi igi ganagrZobda nayofier samecniero moRvaweobas. 1925
wels moxda misi arCeva aziis Semswavleli samecniero sazogadoebis namdvil wevrad.
meore msoflio omis dasrulebis Semdeg rodesac SesaZlebeli gaxda Cveni saganZuris
samSobloSi Camotana eqvTime TayaiSvili TbilisSi dabrunda. mecnieri gardaicvala
1953 wels. saqarTvelos eklesiam 2002 wels igi wmindanad Sehracxa.
11
teqstis redaqtirebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi
(davalebebi ## 1-4)
1.
halikarnasi, dRevandeli bodrumi, mcire aziis erT-erTi ulamazesi qalaqi iyo. mis
mTavar RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgenda mefe mavsolis didebuli akldama. samarxis
mSenebloba mefis sicocxleSive daiwyo. arqiteqtorTa CanafiqriT, samarxs, ro-
gorcYyvelaze mdidrul nagebobas, qalaqi unda daemSvenebina. es iyo berZnuli taZris
msgavsi Senoba. igi Semkuli iyo marmarilos qandakebebiTa da bareliefebiT, romlebic
imdroindelma saukeTeso moqandakeebma Seqmnes. bareliefebze gamosaxuli scenebi amor-
ZalebTan berZenTa brZolas ganasaxierebda (asaxierebda).
mavsole gardaicvala Zveli welTaRricxvis IV saukunis 50-ian wlebSi. igi dakrZa-
les mis mierve agebul akldamaSi, romelsac mavsolis pativsacemad mavzoleumi uwo-
des. XIV saukuneSi mavzoleumi Zlierma miwisZvram daangria. igi sabolood ganadgur-
da XV saukuneSi jvarosnebis Semosevis Sedegad. oqrosa da ganZeulobis maZieblebma
samarxi mTlianad gaZarcves. jvarosnebi kedlebidan marmarilos filebs glejdnen,
qandakebebs amsxvrevdnen. halikarnasis nangrevebze maT aaSenes pirquSi da miuvali si-
magre _ (,) wminda petres cixe.
XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi mavzoleumis mimdebare teritoriaze daiwyo arqeologi-
uri gaTxrebi. arqeologebma mavzoleumis naSTebi, bareliefebi da qandakebebis frag-
mentebi aRmoaCines, ramac mis mraval saidumlos mohfina naTeli.
2.
kunZul rodosis mosaxleobas swamda, rom mas mzis RmerTi icavda. rodoselebma
gadawyvites heliosis giganturi qandakebis (kolosis) ageba, raTa amiT pativi ecaT
TavianTi mfarvelisaTvis. Tavdapirvelad Tixisagan gamoiZerwa figura, romelic gare-
dan jer cviliT, Semdeg ki isev TixiT ifareboda. cvilis saSualebiT Tixis or fenas
erTmaneTisagan acalkevebdnen da maT Soris brinjaos asxamdnen. rodesac liToni civ-
deboda, Tixis garss amtvrevdnen, figuras fxekdnen da aprialebdnen. qandakebas na-
wil-nawil akeTebdnen da iarusebad awyobdnen.
samuSaoebi 12 wels gagrZelda. heliosis qandakeba marmarilos kvarcxlbekze idga
da mas gvirgviniT Semkuli Wabukis saxe hqonda. qandakebis simaRle 37 metri iyo. mis
sanaxavad uamravi mogzauri modioda. 56 wlis Semdeg qandakeba Zlieri miwisZvris gamo
daingra (Zlierma miwisZvram daangria). rodoselebs ramdenjerme ucdiaT, rom fexze
wamoeyenebinaT damxobili goliaTi, magram maTi yvela cda marcxiT damTavrebula. bo-
los is iyida erTma mdidarma vaWarma, romelmac nawilebad daSlili qandakeba 900 aq-
lemis meSveobiT gaitana.
mecnierebi didxans ikvlevdnen, rogor gamoiyureboda rodosis kolosi. qandakebis
Seqmnisa da aRmarTvis rTuli teqnikis gamo igi msoflios saocrebad iTvleba.
3.
12
es usicocxlo adgili ar moswonda. mefes Tavisi sayvareli meuRlisaTvis es baRebi
augia, raTa misTvis cxelsa da utyeo babilonSi cxovreba Seemsubuqebina. misi brZane-
biT, iSviaTi mcenareebi mravali qveynidan SemoutaniaT.
nagebobas hqonda piramidis forma da Sedgeboda oTxi iarusisagan. iarusebs svetebi
iWerda. TiToeuli svetis simaRle ocdaxuTi metri iyo. baRebi irwyveboda evfratis
wyliT, romelic iq specialuri wyalsaqaCi borblebiTa da tyavis WurWliT ahqondaT.
sarwyav wyals rom ar gaeJona, iarusebis zedapiri jer lerwmiT ifareboda, Semdeg ki
masze noyieri miwa iyreboda. amdenad, maRali koSkis farTo iarusebze gaSenebuli ba-
Rebi sakmaod rTuli nageboba iyo.
SuamdinareTis mkvidrni Tixas zeldnen da saSen masalad iyenebdnen, rac Zalian ia-
fi jdeboda. samwuxarod, Tixa gamZle ar iyo, amitomac babilonelTa nagebobebis kva-
lic ar darCa.
4.
(davalebebi ## 5-8)
5.
kalistrate salia daibada 1901 wels samegrelos sofel jgalSi. 1920 wels igi
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetis studenti gaxda.
sabWoTa xelisuflebam salia daapatimra, ramac evropaSi xmauri gamoiwvia. amis gamo
mas da ramdenime sxva qarTvel patimars germaniaSi wasvlis ufleba misces. saliam jer
berlinis universiteti daamTavra, Semdeg _ parizis universitetis istoriul-litera-
turuli fakulteti. kalistrate salia iyo antisabWoTa frontis aqtiuri wevri. igi
germanul jarSi Seqmnil qarTul nawilSi Caewera, radgan fiqrobda, rom germania sa-
13
qarTvelos gaaTavisuflebda. salia aqtiurad monawileobda qarTvel samxedro tyve-
Ta gamoxsnisa da ebraelTa gadarCenis procesSi.
1948 wels kalistratem meuRlesTan erTad daafuZna Jurnali bedi qarTlisa. es
Jurnali iyo pirveli qarTvelologiuri gamocema evropaSi. igi 35 wlis ganmavlobaSi
gamodioda safrangeTis samecniero kvlevis erovnuli centris daxmarebiT. Jurnali,
romelmac Tavi mouyara ucxoeTSi moRvawe qarTvelologebs, mniSvnelovan rols asru-
lebda qarTuli kulturis popularizaciaSi. kalistrate salia iyo oslos universi-
tetis sapatio profesori, araerTi samecniero sazogadoebis wevri. kalistrate salia
gardaicvala 1986 wels parizSi. igi daasaflaves levilis sasaflaoze. 1988 wels, sa-
lias anderZis Tanaxmad, misi ferfli didubis panTeonis miwas miabares.
6.
mixeil (mixako) wereTeli daibada 1878 wlis 23 dekembers zemo imereTis sofel
cxrukveTSi. quTaisis klasikuri gimnaziis damTavrebis Semdeg man swavla ganagrZo ki-
evis universitetSi, saidanac igi garicxes, radgan aqtiurad iyo CarTuli politikur
saqmianobaSi. mixako wereTeli, romelsac saukeTeso evropuli ganaTleba hqonda miRe-
buli sorbonis, Jenevisa da haidelbergis universitetebSi, saqarTvelos demokratiu-
li respublikis diplomatiur misiebs xelmZRvanelobda germaniasa da skandinaviis
qveynebSi.
bolSevikuri ruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis gamo mixako wereTeli iZule-
buli gaxda, rom samudamod daetovebina samSoblo. emigraciaSi myofi mecnieri nayofi-
erad moRvaweobda. igi arCeuli iyo didi britaneTisa da irlandiis samecniero sazo-
gadoebebis namdvil wevrad. garda amisa, igi iyo `qarTvel tradicionalistTa kavSi-
ris~ dafuZnebis erT-erTi moTave. meore msoflio omis wlebSi mixako wereTlis Zalis-
xmeviT germaniis sakoncentracio banakebidan asobiT qarTveli ganTavisuflda. saxelo-
vanma mecnierma da mamuliSvilma mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana rusTvelologiis gan-
viTarebaSi. 1963 wels parizSi daibeWda `vefxistyaosani~, romelic gamosacemad moamza-
da mixako wereTelma. 1975 wels gamovida poemis miseuli prozauli Targmani germanul
enaze. 1945 wels igi sacxovreblad gadavida miunxenSi, sadac ganagrZobda samecniero
moRvaweobas. mixako wereTeli dakrZalulia safrangeTSi, levilis sasaflaoze.
7.
14
8.
eqvTime TayaiSvili daibada 1863 wels sofel lixaurSi. quTaisis klasikuri gimna-
ziis dasrulebis Semdeg man swavla ganagrZo peterburgis universitetSi. 1887 wels
igi samSobloSi dabrunda da Tbilisis gimnaziaSi maswavleblad daiwyo muSaoba. Ta-
yaiSvili aqtiurad monawileobda araerT arqeologiur eqspediciaSi. man daaarsa sais-
torio-saeTnografio sazogadoeba, romelsac ToTxmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi xelmZRva-
nelobda. es sazogadoeba miznad isaxavda gaCanagebisagan exsna Cveni kulturuli mem-
kvidreoba. eqvTime TayaiSvili gaxldaT saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis dam-
fuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris moadgile. igi iyo Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite-
tis erT-erTi damaarsebelTagani.
1921 wels saqarTvelos mTavroba iZulebuli gaxda, rom emigraciaSi wasuliyo da
Tan waeRo samuzeumo Zvirfaseuloba. oficialurad ganZis mesakuTre mTavroba iyo,
Tumca erovnul saganZurs faqtobrivad eqvTime TayaiSvili meurveobda. miuxedavad
problemebisa, eqvTimem yvelaferi gaakeTa, raTa Rirseulad Seesrulebina es umniSvne-
lovanesi (Zalze mniSvnelovani) misia. safrangeTSi igi ganagrZobda nayofier samecnie-
ro moRvaweobas. 1925 wels igi aziis Semswavleli samecniero sazogadoebis namdvil
wevrad airCies. meore msoflio omis dasrulebis Semdeg, rodesac SesaZlebeli gaxda
Cveni saganZuris samSobloSi Camotana, eqvTime TayaiSvili TbilisSi dabrunda. mecnie-
ri gardaicvala 1953 wels. saqarTvelos eklesiam 2002 wels igi wmindanad Seracxa.
15
II. argumentirebuli ese (20 qula)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
16
argumentirebuli eses Sefasebis kriteriumebi
I kriteriumi
0 naweri
3. davaleba mTlianobaSi araadekvaturadaa gagebuli. aRar
swordeba
II kriteriumi
III kriteriumi
17
IV kriteriumi
V. kriteriumi
VI. kriteriumi
18
VII. kriteriumi
# punqtuacia qulebi
19
III. wakiTxulis gaazreba da mxatvruli teqstis analizi (40 qula)
davaleba # 1
20
a) wakiTxulis gaazreba (15 qula)
21
(1) 9. ra reaqcia hqonda avTandils mefis naTqvamze?
a) atirda.
b) gauxarda.
g) gaocda.
d) Caicina.
(1) 10. romel mxatvrul saSualebas iyenebs avtori striqonSi: `...kbilTa gamomkrTalsa
Suqsa velTa moafenda~?
a) hiperbolas.
b) Sedarebas.
g) epiTets.
d) gapirovnebas.
22
b) weriTi davaleba (25 qula)
davaleba # 2
23
mikvirs, mogxvda wamis yofad saqme Sengan saeWvi rad,
magra giTxra pirvel xvalme, seni me mWirs raca Wirad.
VI. gaxsovs, odes Sen da rostans mindors mxeci dagexoca,
yma genaxa ucxo vinme, rome cremli moexoca?
mas ukaniT gonebaman misman asre damamxoca.
Sen genukvi monaxvasa, kidiT kide mohlaxo ca.
VII. aqanamdis naubarsa Tuca veras ver getyvia,
magra SoriT siyvaruli Sengan Cemi Semityvia,
vici, rome gauwyvedlad TvalTaT cremli gisetyvia,
Seupyrixar siyvarulsa, guli Seni dautyvia.
VIII. asre giTxra, samsaxuri Cemi gmarTebs amad orad:
pirvel, yma xar, xorcieli aravin gvyavs Senad sworad,
merme, Cemi mijnuri xar, dasturia, ar naWorad;
wadi, igi moyme Zebne, axlos iyos, Tunda Sorad.
IX. Sengan Cemi siyvaruli amiT ufro gaamyare,
rome damxsna SeWirveba, eSma bilwi asapyare,
gulsa gare saimedo ia morge, vardi yare,
merme modi, lomo, mzesa Segeyrebi, Semeyare.
X. samsa Zebne weliwadsa igi Seni saZebnari;
hpovo, modi gamarjvebiT, mxiarulad moubnari;
vera hpovo davijereb, iyo Tu-re uCinari;
kokobi da ufurWvneli, vardi dagxvde daumWnari.
XI. ficiT giTxrob: Sengan kide Tu SevirTo raca qmari,
mzeca momxvdes xorcieli, CemTvis kacad Senaqmari,
srulad movswyde samoTxesa, qvesknels viyo dasanTqmari,
Seni mklvides siyvaruli, gulsa dana asaqmari~.
XII. moaxsena ymaman: `mzeo, vin giSeri awamwame,
sxva pasuxi ramca gkadre, anu ramca Seviwame?
me sikvdilsa movelodi, Sen sicocxle gamiwame,
viTa mona, samsaxurad ganaRamca wave, wa-, me!~
(1) 3. ra azrs gamoxatavs striqoni: `mwadda ara-Tqma, romlisa Rone ara maqvs Tmobi-
sa~?
a) vcdilobdi, ar meTqva is, risi atanac qals ar SeeZlo.
b) vcdilobdi, meTqva is, risi Tqmac, vicodi, guls matkenda.
g) vcdilobdi, ar meTqva is, risi uTqmelobac aRar SemeZlo.
d) vcdilobdi, meTqva is, risi Tqmac yvelasaTvis aucilebeli iyo.
24
(1) 4. ra aris avTandilisaTvis `sazaro~?
a) TinaTinis mwuxareba.
b) TinaTinis davaleba.
g) TinaTinis miuwvdomloba.
d) TinaTinis ganrisxeba.
(1) 6. ra azris gamoxatva surs avtors striqonSi: `azrad arad aRara mcals, Tavi Ce-
mi megonebis~?
a) sakuTari Tavi madardebs, amitom ganSorebas ver gadavitan.
b) fiqris unari aRara maqvs, amitom yvelafers Sevasruleb.
g) fiqris unari aRara maqvs, radgan sakuTari Tavi madardebs.
d) yvelafers usityvod Sevasruleb, Tumc ganSorebas ver gadavitan.
(1) 8. ras gulisxmobs TinaTini sityvebSi: `...Tuca aqanamdis Cemgan Sors xar danamWi-
rad, mikvirs, mogxvda wamis yofad saqme Sengan saeWvi rad~?
a) marTalia, Sors iWerdi Cemgan Tavs, magram mainc mivxvdi, rom giyvardi.
b) aqamde Sors meWira Sengan Tavi, magram ukve SegiZlia xSirad mnaxo xolme.
g) aqamde Sors meWira Sengan Tavi, magram axla wamierad agisrulda natvra.
d) yvela meubneboda, rom giyvardi, axla ki mec davijere Seni siyvaruli.
(1) 12. ratom miaCnia TinaTins, rom avTandils ormagad evaleba misi samsaxuri?
a) is Tan saukeTeso raindia da Tanac rostevanis gazrdilia.
b) is Tan misi mijnuria da Tanac jaris sardalia.
g) is Tan misi mijnuria da Tanac saukeTeso megobaria.
d) is Tan misi mijnuria da Tanac saukeTeso raindia.
25
(1) 13. romel striqonSi iyenebs avtori metaforas?
a) `Sengan Cemi siyvaruli amiT ufro gaamyare~.
b) `wadi, igi moyme Zebne, axlos iyos, Tunda Sorad~.
g) `gulsa gare saimedo ia morge, vardi yare~.
d) `samsa Zebne weliwadsa igi Seni saZebnari~.
26
davaleba # 3
(1) 4. III strofis mixedviT, ra aerTianebT gogCis tbis Semogarensa da mis mnaxvelebs?
a) Tavmowoneba.
b) idumaleba.
g) mSveniereba.
d) mwuxareba.
(1) 7. ras gulisxmobs avtori sityvebSi: `mxolod awmyoze ras dabmulxar, xedvav brmo-
bilo!~
a) is adamiani, romelic mxolod awmyoTi cxovrobs, ugunuria.
b) is adamiani, romelic mxolod momavliT cxovrobs, ugunuria.
g) is adamiani, romelic mxolod ocnebobs, ugunuria.
d) is adamiani, romelic warsulze fiqrobs, ugunuria.
(1) 8. V strofis mixedviT, vin afarebs Tavs xandaxan tbis napirebze arsebul nangrevebs?
a) banovani.
b) vaWari.
g) momlocveli.
d) usaxlkaro.
(1) 11. VII strofis mixedviT, rogor axasiaTebs avtori adrindel mefeebs?
a) rogorc guluxv da mrisxane mmarTvelebs.
b) rogorc mtrian da ugulo mmarTvelebs.
g) rogorc Surian da xarb mmarTvelebs.
d) rogorc Zlier da amay mmarTvelebs.
28
(1) 12. ra grZnobis Sesaxeb saubrobs avtori VII strofSi?
a) megobrobis.
b) sasowarkveTilebis.
g) siyvarulis.
d) SiSis.
(1) 15. romeli striqonebi gamoxatavs yvelaze ukeT am nawarmoebis umTavres azrs?
a) `gogCa, tba vrceli, xmovanebiT zRvisa mbaZavi,
odesme zvirTTa aRqafebiT Relavs mrisxaned~.
b) `aha, Cvenisa momavlisac namdvili xati;
mxolod awmyoze ras dabmulxar, xedvav brmobilo!~
g) `aqac uRrRniaT Sursa, mtrobas gulebi xarbad;
trfialni aqac SemsWvalvian kvlav erTmanerTTa~.
d) `ravdengzis mTvares, Tavmomwones, maTTan STaxedviT
ugrZvnia Tvisi Cagrul-yofa da moRrublvila!~
30
(1) 1. ra SeiZleba iyos moxuci mamisa da mTebis Sedarebis safuZveli?
a) moxuci mama da kavkasionis mTebi erTnairad Zvirfasia avtorisaTvis.
b) moxuci mama iseve gaaTeTra siberem, rogorc mTebi _ Tovlma.
g) moxuci mama iseve xandazmulia, rogorc beberi mTebi.
d) moxuci mamaca da kavkasionis mTebic drom gaaTeTra.
(1) 8. ra miznis miRweva surs avtors striqoniT: `vmzer... Sors ZlivsRa hsCans... aRar
hsCans... raRasa vumzer Smagqmnili?~
a) Seqmnas megobarTan gamoTxovebis sevdiani suraTi.
b) Seqmnas samSoblosTan ganSorebis dinamikuri suraTi.
g) Seqmnas satrfosTan ganSorebis dinamikuri suraTi.
d) Seqmnas siWabukesTan gamoTxovebis tragikuli suraTi.
31
(1) 10. lirikuli gmiris ra gancdas gamoxatavs striqoni: `da vin ganmiRos aw kari be-
disa dakargulisa?~
a) aRSfoTebas.
b) gaognebas.
g) mrisxanebas.
d) sasowarkveTas.
(1) 12. riT aris gamowveuli mwuxareba, `ar aqvs nugeSi romelsa~?
a) megobris dakargviT.
b) rwmenis dakargviT.
g) samSoblos dakargviT.
d) siyvarulis dakargviT.
32
b) weriTi davaleba (25 qula)
davaleba # 5
(1) 2. I strofis romeli striqoni gamoxatavs azrs, rom buneba lirikuli gmiris gu-
neba-ganwyobilebis Tanaziaria?
a) I striqoni.
b) II striqoni.
g) III striqoni.
d) IV striqoni.
(1) 6. avtoris azriT, rogoria adamianTa arseboba? (upasuxeT III strofis mixedviT).
a) ocnebasa da natvras moklebuli.
b) sawuTrosTan brZoliT aRsavse.
g) Rirebuli da gonierebiT aRsavse.
d) yovelgvar azrs moklebuli.
34
(1) 7. romeli fraza azustebs avtoris azrs: `ar vici, am dros Cems winaSe Cveni cxov-
reba rad iyo fuWi da mxoloda amaoeba?..~
a) `vin icis, mtkvaro, ras butbuteb, visTvis ras ityvi?~
b) `mainc ra aris Cveni yofa _ wuTisofeli, Tu ara oden sawyauli aRuvsebeli?~
g) `rodis iqneba, is samefoca Cveni iyos?~
d) `Tund keTil mefe rodis aris mosvenebuli?~
(1) 9. ratom iwyebs avtori IV strofSi mefeebis Sesaxeb saubars? (upasuxeT III strofSi
gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT).
a) mefeebi yvelaze naklebad arian Sepyrobilni keTili survilebiT.
b) mefeebi yvelaze ufro arian Sepyrobilni boroti survilebiT.
g) mefeebs yvelaze didi Zalaufleba upyriaT xelT.
d) mefeebs yvelaze meti survili darCaT ausrulebeli.
(1) 11. V strofis mixedviT, ratom kargavs azrs `keTili mefis~ moRvaweoba?
a) mefeebs mainc wyevliT moigoneben.
b) mefeebs STamomavloba ar daafasebs.
g) samyaro isedac dasaRupavadaa ganwiruli.
d) samyaroSi adamiani verafers Secvlis.
(1) 13. ras gulisxmobs avtori sityvebSi: `unda kideca mivdioT mas, gvesmas mSoblisa~?
a) adamianma mefeTa kanonebiT unda icxovros.
b) adamianma sasufevlis kanonebiT unda icxovros.
g) adamianma winaparTa kanonebiT unda icxovros.
d) adamianma wuTisoflis kanonebiT unda icxovros.
35
b) weriTi davaleba (25 qula)
davaleba # 6
36
V. moispo mswraflad misi naSTi da misi kvali!
gana Tu droman dahkra Tvisi mas avi Tvali! _
ara, mosZagda mas sofeli cru da muxTali!
damSTa me mxolod mis lamprisgan cecxli damqrali!
(1) 5. ra gancda eufleba lirikul gmirs wminda siyvarulis uflisaTvis Sewirvis Sem-
deg? (upasuxeT III strofis mixedviT).
a) sruli simartovis.
b) usazRvro bednierebis.
g) Rrma mwuxarebis.
d) xorcieli siamovnebis.
(1) 6. III strofis mixedviT, rogor aRiqvamda lirikuli gmiri udabnoSi mdgar taZars?
a) rogorc absurdul samyaros.
b) rogorc groteskul samyaros.
g) rogorc miuRebel samyaros.
d) rogorc RvTaebriv samyaros.
(1) 11. VI strofis mixedviT, ras ar ZaluZs ocnebis taZris xelaxla ageba?
a) lampars.
b) rwmenas.
g) sawuTros.
d) siyvaruls.
(1) 12. ras gulisxmobs avtori striqonSi: `da daval oblad isev mwiri miusafari!~?
a) lirikuli gmiri Tavs damarcxebulad grZnobs.
b) lirikuli gmiri Tavs damcirebulad grZnobs.
g) lirikuli gmiri Tavs martosulad grZnobs.
d) lirikuli gmiri Tavs motyuebulad grZnobs.
(1) 13. oblobisa da miusafrobis garda, lirikuli gmiris kidev ra sulieri mdgomareo-
bis Sesaxeb saubrobs avtori VI strofSi?
a) aRSfoTebis.
b) gulgrilobis.
g) uimedobis.
d) SiSis.
38
b) weriTi davaleba (25 qula)
davaleba # 7
39
VI. man erTxel gangeb damkoda mxarSi
da ucodveli sisxli madina,
svel balaxebSi damtova bavSvi
da mwvervalebi gadinadira.
VII. mas Semdeg bevris mklavi avcele,
Svebac vigeme da gaWirvebac,
da vidre leqsad ar gadavwere,
manamde mklavda me es Wriloba.
VIII. babuaCemma bunebis kari
gamiRo oxvriT da simZimiliT
da STamagona, rom leqsi aris
kacis da qveynis gulistkivili.
IX. man Semayvara samSoblo Cemi,
romlisTvis bevrma sisxli daRvara,
man Semayvara bunebis cremli
da salamuric man Semayvara.
X. samSoblos trfobiT guli davsere,
maTrobda, rogorc Rvino yvaruli
da vidre leqsad ar gadavwere,
manamde mklavda eg siyvaruli.
XI. leqsma ki Sekra Wriloba civi
da gaanaTa Cemi kacoba
da Cemi gulis yovelgvar tkivils
mxolod da mxolod leqsma ajoba.
XII. verc dedis xelma, verc satrfos eSxma
ver gamiyuCa Wabuks iara,
da Cemi gulis gmiruli kvnesa
martoden leqsma gaiziara.
XIII. mec mitom vbedav arwivul yivils,
roca guls gahkravs civi niavi,
rom leqsi Svelis yovelgvar tkivils
da leqsi TviTon tkivili ari.
XIV. da radgan mergo viyo poeti _P
Cemi cxovrebis sabediswerod,
radgan am qveynad misTvis movedi,
rom unda mxolod leqsebi vwero,
XV. radgan sxva rame, simReris garda,
axlac ver Svelis tkivilebs Cemsas, _
mjera, am diad bunebis karTan
me TviT sikvdilsac gardavqmni leqsad!
41
(1) 13. avtoris azriT, ra akavSirebs mas vaJa-fSavelasTan?
a) vaJas tolfasi mweralia.
b) vaJas sulieri memkvidrea.
g) vaJasaviT Seupovari meomaria.
d) vaJasaviT bunebis Svilia.
(1) 15. romeli striqonebi gamoxatavs yvelaze ukeT am nawarmoebis umTavres azrs?
a) `verc dedis xelma, verc satrfos eSxma
ver gamiyuCa Wabuks iara...~
b) `man erTxel gangeb damkoda mxarSi
da ucodveli sisxli madina~.
g) `radgan am qveynad misTvis movedi,
rom unda mxolod leqsebi vwero...~
d) `umegobroba ar miglovia
da arc moleqse myavs winapari~.
42
davaleba # 8
44
(1) 9. romel mxatvrul saxeSi igulisxmeba Tamar mefe?
a) `Cveneburi nisli~.
b) `saqarTvelos Tvali~.
g) `naadrevi gazafxuli~.
d) `Suqi mTvaris~.
(1) 11. ris Tqma surs avtors sityvebiT: `...da xavsian galavanze arwivebi Tvlemen~?
a) warsulma didebam kvali ar datova.
b) ukeTesi momavlis imedi ar gamqrala.
g) uZveles cixes xavsiani galavani akravs.
d) mxolod arwivebsRa axsovT didebuli warsuli.
45
b) weriTi davaleba (25 qula)
davaleba # 9
46
me mizeziTa sabrxe qmnul-xar didisa xelmwifisada?!~ xolo man cremliT hrqua: `wmi-
dao RmrTisao, me Tavsa Cemsa zeda ver Tavisufal var, vinaiTgan gardareuli siyuaru-
li aqus Cemda momarT kurapalatsa. da aw ara uwyi, Tu rai vyo, rameTu brZanebaman si-
tyuaTa SenTaman SemaZrwuna friad~. xolo wmidaman man hrqua: `Svilo, iqmen sruliad
morCil sityuaTa Cem glaxakisaTa da me Tavsmdeb geqmne qristeis mimarT, raiTa man Ta-
vadman yovelni bralni Senni Segindvnes~.
da man hrqua: `wmidao mamao, xelTa SenTa var, umjobesi sulisa Cemisai izrune!~.
maSinRa juari daswera da akurTxa locviTa da SeWura madliTa da misca TvisTa
xamlTa sabeli, raiTa sartylad Seirtyas. da man yo egreT. da esreT moiyvana igi me-
res, rameTu pirvelve ganzraxvai netarisa dedisa Tana iyo, da Sehvedra igi dedasa feb-
ronias.
xolo raJams miiwia kurapalati cixed, ikiTxa xolo dedakaci igi. da viTar ara
pova, friad Seiurva, gulisxma-yo rai yoveli igi yofili saqme. da rameTu ara RoniTa
raiT-me kacobrivTa maxeTaiTa iyo trfial misa mimarT xelmwife igi, aramed eSmakisa
manqanebiTa esoden Zleul iyo, romel TavmoTneobai daaviwyda da mswrafl xolo mo-
vida meres. xolo netarman febronia damala dedakaci igi. da viTar iloca kurapalat-
man eklesiasa wmidisa RmrTismSobelisasa da miiRo locvai dedisa febroniaisi, maSin
iwyo sityuad: `uwyi-mea, dedao, raisaTvis moved aw?~
xolo man hrqua: `ufalman icis, raisaTvis hbrZane aqa~.
da man hrqua: `amis mizezisaTvis iqmna moslvai Cemi, rameTu saxlisa Cuenisa meWurW-
le qali iyo da yoveli monagebi Cueni xelTa misTa iyo, da mamasa grigols aqa warmo-
uyvanebia da friadi daguaklda safaseTa CuenTagani. aw ubrZane, romel erTxel cixed
movides da yoveli mogviTualos da kualad Tquendave movides, viTarca undes~.
xolo febronia hrqua mas mkueTr: `mizezebad mizezTa codvisaTa kacTa Tana, romelni
iqman uSjuloebasa~.
ese rai esma kurapalatsa, sircxvileul iqmna marTlmxilebisa misgan kdemuli da myo-
var-Jam dadumna, viTarca Zleuli, rameTu xorcielad Zliersa xelmwifesa suliTa Zli-
erTa kacTa sZles, SeWurvilTa maT saRmrToiTa SuriTa. xolo Seurvebulman kurapa-
latman gulisa SeWirvebisagan Tqua: `netar mas kacsa, vin arRara cocxal ars!~
(1) 5. grigolis ra Tviseba Cans frazaSi: `xolo man ara daswera juari, aramed ubrZa-
na ganSorebulad dajdomai~?
a) lmobiereba da mimtevebloba.
b) mrisxaneba da ampartavnoba.
g) saTnoeba da simtkice.
d) simkacre da principuloba.
(1) 6. grigolis azriT, ra SeiZleba iyos `siZvis dedakacis~ mier Cadenili codvis mi-
zezi?
a) qali ampartavnobam Seipyro.
b) qali eSmaks daemona.
g) qalma dedofali SeiZula.
d) qalma saganZuri miiTvisa.
(1) 10. ra reaqcia hqonda aSot kurapalats, roca sayvareli qalis wasvla Seityo?
a) aRSfoTda grigolis Tavxeduri saqcielis gamo.
b) ganrisxebulma satrfos ZaliT dabruneba gadawyvita.
g) satrfos dabrunebis dauZlevelma survilma Seipyro.
d) SeZrwunda, rom eSmakis mier dagebul maxeSi gaeba.
48
(1) 14. aSot kurapalatis ra sulieri mdgomareoba Cans missave sityvebSi: `netar mas kac-
sa, vin arRara cocxal ars!~?
a) aRSfoTeba.
b) gulmowyaleba.
g) sasowarkveTileba.
d) Seupovroba.
davaleba # 10
50
(1) 2. ratom gaunawyendnen mireans qarTlis episkoposebi?
a) episkoposebs arasakmarisad miaCndaT mireanis Rvawli eklesiis winaSe.
b) mireani saTanadod ver afasebda grigol xanZTelis avtoritets.
g) mireani uklebliv yvela gadawyvetilebas episkoposebTan SeuTanxmeblad iRebda.
d) mireanma arseni episkoposebTan SeTanxmebis gareSe akurTxebina kaTalikosad.
(1) 6. ris xazgasma surs avtors sityvebiT: `ixiles wmidai igi momavali... sakvirvelad
xilviTa~?
a) grigolis gamorCeuli mWevrmetyvelebisa da sibrZnis.
b) grigolis gamorCeuli Rvawlisa da damsaxurebis.
g) grigolis sxvaTagan gamorCeuli garegnobis.
d) grigolis gamorCeuli fizikuri SesaZleblobebis.
(1) 9. rogori iyo efremis reaqcia grigolis muqaraze _ Seni moZRvari aRar viqnebio?
a) atirda.
b) aRSfoTda.
g) gaecina.
d) gauxarda.
(1) 10. ra iyo grigolis mTavari argumenti, roca arsenis kaTalikosobas uWerda mxars?
a) arsenis kaTalikosoba episkoposTa neba ariso.
b) arsenis kaTalikosoba RvTis neba ariso.
g) arsenis kaTalikosoba Cemi neba ariso.
d) arsenis kaTalikosoba xelisufalTa neba ariso.
(1) 11. grigolis azriT, ram gamoiwvia uTanxmoeba arsenis kaTalikosad kurTxevis dros?
a) episkoposTa aCqarebam.
b) mireanis sulswrafobam.
g) samRvdeloebis uprincipobam.
d) xelisufalTa uprincipobam.
51
(1) 12. ra sayveduri gamoTqva guaramma saeklesio krebaze?
a) arsenis kaTalikosad dadgena grigolTan ar SeTanxmebulao.
b) arsenis kaTalikosad dadgena udrood moxdao.
g) arsenis kaTalikosad dadgena CemTan ar SeTanxmebulao.
d) arsenis kaTalikosad dadgena ZalmomreobiT moxdao.
(1) 13. ra reaqcia hqonda guarams grigolis sityvebze _ vinc arsens cudad moixseni-
ebs, Sercxvenili iqnebao?
a) ganrisxda da grigols krebis datoveba mosTxova.
b) Tavzari daeca da grigols Sendoba sTxova.
g) sinanulma Seipyro, Tumca garegnulad ar gamouxatavs.
d) wauyrua grigolis sityvebs, TiTqos araferi momxdarao.
52
davaleba # 11
(1) 2. ra azris gamoxatva surs avtors am monakveTSi: `CemTvis yuradReba aravis mouq-
cevia. WaRara qalma mSvidad Semxeda, cota xans miyura. mere isev ganagrZo amba-
vi~?
a) deda Tavs damnaSaved grZnobda sakuTari Svilis winaSe.
b) dedam ver icno Svili xangrZlivi ganSorebis Semdeg.
g) dedas ar surda ganSorebis Semdeg SvilTan urTierToba.
d) deda SvilisaTvis arasasurveli da saSiSi stumari iyo.
(1) 4. ratom ver SeZlo Temurma dedis misalmebaze gaeca pasuxi: `gamarjoba, deda~?
a) Temuri dedasTan urTierTobas gadaCveuli iyo.
b) Temurma ver icno moxucebuli deda.
g) Temurs ar surda dedasTan urTierToba.
d) Temurs deda politikur damnaSaved miaCnda.
(1) 5. ratom ganmartovda samzareuloSi Temuri, miuxedavad imisa, rom mezobeli eli-
ko eubneboda: `Sedi, biWo, oTaxSi, qva xom ar xar, codvaa is qali~?
a) Temuri aRelvebuli iyo da ar icoda, rogor moqceuliyo.
b) Temuri nawyeni iyo dedaze, radgan man miatova Svili.
g) Temurs eSinoda, rom daapatimrebdnen dedasTan urTierTobis gamo.
d) Temurs eSinoda, rom deda gadasaxlebis ambebs mouyveboda.
54
(1) 6. ra mxatvrul saSualebas iyenebs avtori frazaSi: `es ar iyo sizmari, es iyo cxa-
di, rogorc Svidi Wadari universitetis win~?
a) ironias.
b) sarkazms.
g) Sedarebas.
d) hiperbolas.
(1) 7. ra mxatvrul saSualebas iyenebs avtori frazaSi: `jigaro, deputati ki xar, mag-
ram bileTis aReba ar dagaviwydes~?
a) aluzias.
b) ironias.
g) Sedarebas.
d) hiperbolas.
(1) 8. dedis ra sulieri mdgomareobaa gamoxatuli sityvebiT: `ratom rva wlis ar xar
isev, Cemo patara biWo, ratom rva wlis ara xar, ratom, ratom ara xar~?
a) aRSfoTeba da siZulvili.
b) aRtaceba da sixaruli.
g) gulistkivili da sinanuli.
d) SiSi da mouTmenloba.
55
(1) 15. ra aris am teqstis mTavari saTqmeli?
a) tiranuli reJimis gamo Temurma warmatebas ver miaRwia.
b) tiranulma reJimma borotebis imperiis daSla gamoiwvia.
g) tiranulma reJimma deda-Svilis urTierTobazec ki imoqmeda.
d) tiranul reJims araerTi udanaSaulo adamiani fizikurad Seewira.
davaleba # 12
nodar dumbaZis romanSi `mziani Rame~ moTxrobilia, rogor naxa Temurma kibeze waq-
ceuli, momakvdavi mezobeli abibo, romelsac cota xniT adre endo da patimrobidan ga-
moqceuli megobris ambavi gaumxila, abibom ki Temuris megobari daaWerina.
abibo iwva Cems win da kvdeboda. kvdeboda kaci, romlis sikvdils vnatrobdi, kaci,
romelmac sulSi CamafurTxa, miwasTan gamaswora, gamwira da am kacis suli axla Cems
xelSi iyo. axla me amas movklav, Tumca ra, TavisiTac kvdeba, davjdebi, vuyureb, vid-
re ar mokvdeba, iqneb wyali unda, me wyaro var axla misTvis, Tu var, icodes, rom damSra-
li wyaro var... iqneb xma unda gaigonos kacis da Cemi xma RmerTis wyaloba iqneba misT-
vis, _ Tu asea, icodes, rom munji var... iqneb ramis Tqma unda da yuradRebas iTxovs,
icodes, rom yru var... iqneb sinaTle unda da me var misTvis mze. _ maSin icodes, rom
ara var, ara... iqneb haeri unda, da me var misi macocxlebeli haeri, _ ara, ara, daxSu-
li sarkmeli var misTvis... es me var, sikvdili, Tavze rom vadgivar da me movklav mas,
rom Tavisi sikvdiliT ar mokvdes da es unda icodes abibom. me xelebi mikankalebda,
piri gamSrali mqonda. aTasi uro mirtyamda safeTqlebSi da meZaxda _ mokali, moka-
li, mokali, es Sen xar misi sikvdili da es unda icodes man.
_ abibo! _ vTqvi me iseTi gamocvlili xmiT, TviTonve SemeSinda.
abibom Tvalebi gaaxila da uazrod Semxeda.
_ es me var, abibo! _ vuTxari me.
56
_ miSvele! _ mTxova man da Tvalebi daxuWa.
_ ai, axla avdgebi, avdgebi da... _ dambla Tu ar damecemoda, ar megona. magram avde-
qi, telefonTan mivedi, 03 avkrife da saswrafo daxmareba gamoviZaxe.
_ wyali! _ Tqva abibom da gamSrali tuCebi gailoka. samzareuloSi gavedi, Wiqa
wyliT avavse da tuCebTan mivutane. cota mosva, xveleba auvarda.
_ haeri, haeri! _ Tqva man. suli rom moiTqva, yvela fanjara gavaRe, oTaxSi grili ha-
eri Semovarda, da mxolod axla vigrZeni, rom oTaxi naftalinisa da mtvris suniT iyo
gaJRenTili.
_ miSvele! _ Tqva man isev da aborgda.
_ nu geSinia, giSveli, axla eqimi mova! _ vuTxari me da taxtze Camovjeqi.
_ miSvele! _ gaimeora man.
karze darekes. gavaRe. oTaxSi erTi Zalian msuqani qali da gamxdari kaci Semovid-
nen...
_ droze mogiswriaT, nu geSiniaT, gadarCeba; aseTebs varCenT?! _ Tqva kacma da eq-
Tans gadaxeda.
_ Tqveni Wirime, eqimo! _ vTxove me...
kari davxure da isev abibos sasTumals mivujeqi. albaT, wamalma imoqmeda da erTi sa-
aTis Semdeg abibom cota moixeda. man Tavi moabruna Cemken da didxans, Zalian didxans
miyura.
_ romeli xar? _ mkiTxa bolos gaubedavad.
_ Temuri var!
_ ra moxda, ra mWirs?
_ araferi, daiZine, cota cudad iyavi, axla kargad xar! _ abibom Tvalebi daxuWa,
magram ar dauZinia, etyoba, raRacas igonebda da verc igonebda.
_ Temuri, Sen xar? _ mkiTxa bolos.
_ me var, Zia abibo, me! _ vuTxari da tilo gamovucvale.
_ ar movkvdebi?
_ ara, eqimma Tqva, ar mokvdebao.
_ ar damtovo, biWo!
_ ara, nu geSinia, daiZine. _ abibom TvalebSi Semxeda, mere, albaT, mendo, Tvalebi
daxuWa da gverdze gadabrunda...
dilis eqvs saaTamde abibos sasTumals vejeqi da tiloebs vucvlidi... Tavidan siZul-
viliT yelamde savse. Cemda gasaocrad, TandaTan davicale, guli damiwynarda, safeTqle-
bi aRar mewvoda, vejeqi sasTumals da vucqerdi sikvdilisagan SeSinebul da muStisxe-
lad qceul, motexil abibos, mere mTlianad davicale siZulvilisagan da vijeqi sru-
liad carieli, araferi grZnoba ar mqonda am kacis mimarT. Cems win iwva araferi, qva, xe,
Tu kunZi, ar vicodi, ubralod iwva raRac, rasac ver vgrZnobdi, mxolod vxedavdi. mere
moxda saocari ram... me Semecoda is, jer rogorc ubralod avadmyofi, mere, rogorc me-
zobeli, mere, rogorc axlo mezobeli, yuris mezobeli, da bolos, SemeSinda kidevac,
rodesac Sevatyve, rom tirili mominda. xeli Sublze gadavusvi da sasTumali gavuswo-
re. mere me avivse yelamde sibraluliT am kacis mimarT, imxela sibraluliT, rom mi-
si cqera aRar SemeZlo da fexze avdeqi. TiTqos igrZnoo, abibo awrialda.
_ Temuri, Temuri.
_ aq var.
_ ar damtovo, biWo, momkali, da nu damtoveb. _ igi Cemken gadmotrialda.
_ ar dagtoveb, Zia abibo, nu geSinia.
_ mapatie, biWo, Tu SegiZlia!.. _ me tilo davade Tavze, abibom Cemi xeli daiWira da
kocna dauwyo.
_ ras Svebi, Zia abibo! _ vuTxari me da xeli wavarTvi.
_ mapatie, biWo, mapatie! _ me xmas ar viRebdi.
_ maSin momkali, ratom ar mklav, biWo?
_ me mkvleli ara var, Zia abibo! _ abibo miyurebda Tavisi gamWvirvale lurji Tva-
lebiT, romlebSic dRes pirvelad davinaxe, da es raRac cremli iyo _ abibo tiroda.
diliT eqimi movida, abibos kvlav CaeZina da me saxlSi avedi. tanSi raRac saocar si-
sustes Tu simsubuqes vgrZnobdi. raRac didi, mZime, autanlad mZime davtove wuxel abi-
bos oTaxSi, Tu damrCa, iqneb davkarge kidevac da mis nacvlad raRac saocrad sufTam,
gamWvirvalem, msubuqma da Tbilma amivso sxeuli, es uCveulo raRac axla bangiviT maT-
robda.
57
a) wakiTxulis gaazreba (15 qula)
(1) 1. Temuris ra grZnobas gamoxatavs sityvebi: `kvdeboda kaci, romlis sikvdils vnat-
robdi~?
a) TanagrZnobas.
b) monaniebas.
g) sinanuls.
d) SurisZiebas.
(1) 3. ras gulisxmobs Temuri sityvebSi: `iqneb haeri unda, da me var misi macocxlebe-
li haeri, _ ara, ara, daxSuli sarkmeli var misTvis~?
a) igi aravis ar daindobs.
b) igi ar gawiravs abibos.
g) igi ar daindobs abibos.
d) igi yvela moRalates gaanadgurebs.
(1) 5. romeli sityvebi miuTiTebs imaze, rom abibos mimarT Temuris damokidebuleba
icvleba?
a) `abibom Tvalebi gaaxila da uazrod Semxeda~.
b) `es me var, abibo! _ vuTxari me~.
g) `miSvele! _ mTxova man da Tvalebi daxuWa~.
d) `03 avkrife da saswrafo daxmareba gamoviZaxe~.
(1) 6. raze metyvelebs is, rom abibo xSirad imeorebs sityvas _ `miSvele~?
a) abibo arafers nanobs.
b) abibo nanobs danaSauls.
g) abibos mTavrobis eSinia.
d) abibos sikvdilis eSinia.
(1) 11. ratom uTxra abibom Temurs: `maSin momkali, ratom ar mklav, biWo~?
a) abibom gaacnobiera, rom aravis winaSe araviTari danaSauli ar hqonda Cadenili.
b) abibom gaacnobiera, rom Temuris winaSe saSineli danaSauli hqonda Cadenili.
g) abibom gaacnobiera, rom mTavrobis winaSe saSineli danaSauli hqonda Cadenili.
d) abibom gaacnobiera, rom sakuTari eris winaSe danaSauli ar hqonda Cadenili.
(1) 13. ratom grZnobda Sin misuli Temuri `saocar sisustes Tu simsubuqes~?
a) Sinagani brZolis Semdeg man adamiani ar daindo.
b) Sinagani brZolis Semdeg man aravis ar uRalata.
g) Sinagani brZolis Semdeg man gamcems ar apatia.
d) Sinagani brZolis Semdeg man codva ar Caidina.
59
b) weriTi davaleba (25 qula)
davaleba # 13
60
gamxdari, kidev ufro gaxda, mxrebi uaresad aewura, TiTqosda cxviric daugrZelda. gax-
da, danaRvlianda Julienic. ramdenjerac ki Sevxvdi, yovelTvis sigareti eWira xelSi.
ra Tqma unda, pirispirac vxvdebodiT mezoblebi, magram lara aravisTan gaCerebula,
aravisTvis SeuCivlia, rogorc viciT xolme, _ udanaSaulo iyo mama, sxvebs Sealia Ta-
visi sicocxle da vin daufasa mereo. Tavdauzogavad ibrZoda mis gadasarCenad, _ am
saqmeSic xom cnobilni arian Cveni qalebi, gamorCeviT _ dediserTa qalebi mamebisaT-
vis. saidan, rogor, ar vici, magram mainc gamodioda gareT napatimralis janmrTelo-
bis ambebi, _ hemoglobini Cvidmetamde hqonda dacemuli. saWmels ki ver Wamda. idga la-
ra, uwuravda sxvadasxvagvar wvenebs, uwuravda RviZlsa da xorcsac da patara bavSvsa-
viT aZlevda kovziT, cali xeliT Tavwamoweuls. biWic, Julieni, kargi momvleliviT
dastrialebda Tavs papas. wuTiT ar tovebdnen martos. xan deda iyo biuletenze, xan
Svili. amgvar rameebs kolegebi Tu uxerxebdnen laras. oTx Tves gagrZelda aseTi
brZola, oTx Tveze metsac, da gazafxulze, aprilis dasawyisSi, aivanzedac ki gamoCn-
da napatimrali. isev ki Camoflasuli edga tansacmeli, magram Sedareba ar iyo, saku-
Tar fexebze idga, Tavic sworad eWira da gaSavebuli xelebiT moajirs CaWidebuli
gadahyurebda qveyanas. erTxel Cemkenac gamoixeda, Cveni Tvalebi erTmaneTs Sexvdnen.
oo, TvalebSi mainc sindiyis simZime da sicive edga.
lara gaTavisuflda mudmivi daZabulobisagan. daubrunda kargi Rimili, tuCebze
rom aCndeboda CvenTan Sexvedrisas. gaTavisuflda biWic. napatimrals axla saaTobi-
Tac ki SeeZlo marto darCena, iwva, albaT, da kiTxulobda, an arada, fiqrebSi wasu-
li, Wers Sehyurebda.
erT dRes gamovida laras mama saxlidan, _ roca Sin ar iyo arc lara, arc Svili-
Svili, _ Cavida dabla, Caiara Cveni quCa, Cauyva vaJa-fSavelas prospeqts da iq, fostis
maxloblad, waiqca. Semoexvia xalxi, gamouZaxes saswrafo daxmarebas, waiyvanes saavad-
myofoSi, magram veraferi uSveles, mokvda. vin iyo, kaciSvilma ver icno, arc pirado-
bis mowmoba aRmoaCnda araviTari. jibeSi edo mxolod sam furcelze dawerili da oT-
xad gakecili werili. werili egzavneboda marto saxeliTa da mamis saxeliT moxseni-
ebul viRac ufross, werili ki ara, moxsenebiTi baraTi. iZulebulni gaxdnen, waekiT-
xaT. waikiTxes, yvelaferi gairkva, Seatyobines laras... SemdegSi ambobdnen, sisulele
gaakeTeso, magram gvian iyo, werili ukve wakiTxuli hqonda laras.
me ar minaxavs is werili, magram dRes bevrma icis misi Sinaarsi. napatimrali im vi-
Rac did ufross swerda, ufro _ moaxsenebda: pirvel rigSi, vin iyo da ra damsaxure-
bebi miuZRoda saqveyno saqmeebSi (Canda, ufrossac unda scodnoda es), mere, riT gada-
uxades borotma adamianebma, rogor ewama, mainc gauZlo yvelafers da dRes isev fex-
ze dgas, da ara marto fexze dgas, kvlavac gaagrZelebs qveynis samsaxurs da aseTad
darCeba ukanasknel amosunTqvamde. amis dasadastureblad ki acnobebda: mas hyavs qali-
Svili, eqimi, ama da am poliklinikis TanamSromeli, da misi vaJi, politeqnikuri
institutis mesame kursis studenti. es deda-Svili TiTqmis yoveldRe, yovelTvis,
dila iqneba Tu saRamo, iaponuri tranzistoris meSveobiT, romelic deda-Svils
saeWvo gziT unda hqondeT SeZenili moskovSi, usmenen Cveni qveynisTvis mtrul
gadmocemebs sazRvargareTidan. mere, raRa Tqma unda, am gadmocemebis Sinaarss
avrceleben samsaxurSi da institutSi, es ki iwvevs Cveni adamianebis moralur
gaxrwnas... aseTi danaSaulebebis winaaRmdeg yvelam unda ibrZolos, yvelam, didmac da
pataramac, uSualo damnaSaveni ki dauyovnebliv izolirebulni unda iqnen Cveni
sazogadoebisagan, pirvel rigSi, Tundac, misi Svili da SviliSvili... Torem male,
albaT, gvian iqneba, gvian...
qveyanam gaigo es ambavi, magram qarTvelebi varT, mainc uamravni movidnen dakrZal-
vaze. mec mivedi mTeli ojaxiT, laras ZaZa emosa, Tavdaxrili ijda, xeli rom Camo-
varTvi, amomxeda, madloba gadamixada da, SeiZleba momeCvena, mqrqali mware Rimili ga-
ukrTa bageze.
61
(1) 1. ra informacias gvawvdis pirveli abzaci laras mamis Sesaxeb?
a) laras mamas ToTxmeti weliwadi hqonda misjili samSoblos RalatisaTvis.
b) laras mama ToTxmet weliwadze metxans iyo dapatimrebuli.
g) laras mama ToTxmeti weliwadi muSaobda did partiul Tanamdebobaze.
d) laras mama ToTxmet weliwadze metxans usamarTlod itanjeboda.
(1) 2. raze migvaniSnebs avtori meore abzacSi laras mamis garegnobis aRweriT?
a) laras mama imdenad aris aRSfoTebuli, rom xelisuflebisaTvis saSiSi gaxda.
b) laras mama imdenadaa SeSinebuli, rom saxlidan Tavs ar yofs.
g) laras mama imdenadaa SeZrwunebuli, rom sicocxlec ki aRar surs.
d) laras mama imdenad aris dauZlurebuli, rom sikvdilis pirasaa misuli.
(1) 4. ratom ar unda hqonoda laras mezoblebTan Sexvedris survili mamis moyvanis
Semdeg?
a) imdenad rcxvenoda mamis danaSaulisa, rom xalxTan saubars Tavs aridebda.
b) imdeni ambavi iyo mamis Sesaxeb mosayoli, erCivna _ araferi eTqva.
g) imdeni energia sWirdeboda mamis movlas, rom dro aRarafrisTvis rCeboda.
d) imdenad eSinoda _ xelaxla ar daeWiraT mama, rom yvelas gaurboda.
(1) 8. raze SeiZleba migvaniSnebdes avtori imiT, rom saxlidan pirvelad gamosuli
laras mama fostasTan waiqca?
a) werili unda gadaeca ufrosisaTvis.
b) fostaSi samsaxuris dawyeba surda.
g) dasmenis werilis gagzavna undoda.
d) fostis SenobasTan SemTxveviT moxvda.
(1) 9. ratom ambobda zogi, sisulele gaakeTes, laras mamamisis werili rom waakiTxe-
so?
a) larasTvis umjobesi iqneboda, ar scodnoda, risTvis iyo mamamisi dapatimrebuli.
b) larasTvis umjobesi iqneboda, ar scodnoda, ra ewera am werilSi.
g) jobda, rom larasa da Juliens mogvianebiT gaegoT werilis Sinaarsi.
d) jobda, laras ki ara, Juliens gaego, ra ewera werilSi.
62
(1) 10. ra danaSauls abralebda laras mama sakuTar Svilsa da SviliSvils?
a) usmendnen ucxour radiosadgurs da aravis arafers eubnebodnen.
b) usmendnen ucxour radiosadgurs da TviTonac awvdidnen mas informacias.
g) usmendnen ucxour radiosadgurs da beWdavdnen politikur proklamaciebs.
d) usmendnen ucxour radiosadgurs da Semdeg avrcelebdnen informacias.
(1) 11. ra SeiZleba vivaraudoT laras mamis mier dawerili moxsenebiTi baraTis mixed-
viT?
a) laras mama sabWoTa politikuri sistemisaTvis kategoriulad miuRebeli pirovne-
ba unda yofiliyo.
b) laras mama partiuli muSaki an uSiSroebis komitetis TanamSromeli unda yofi-
liyo.
g) laras mama namdvili patrioti da saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZoli
unda yofiliyo.
d) laras mama ucxoeTis agenti an mtrisgan Semogzavnili diplomati unda yofiliyo.
(1) 12. romel saxelmwifos gulisxmobs laras mama frazaSi: `usmenen Cveni qveynisTvis
mtrul gadmocemebs~?
a) gaerTianebul samefos.
b) ruseTis federacias.
g) saqarTvelos respublikas.
d) sabWoTa kavSirs.
(1) 14. laras mamis ra Tvisebebi gamoixata misive xeliT daweril moxsenebiT baraTSi?
a) mliqvneloba da Surianoba.
b) fanatizmi da umaduroba.
g) fanatizmi da gulgriloba.
d) umaduroba da ampartavnoba.
63
b) weriTi davaleba (25 qula)
davaleba # 14
64
ar utydebi, Torem Tavadac ici, rom es SeuZlebelia. mTeli qveyana rom monad gaixa-
do, rogorc Seni sulmdabali siZe gaixade monad, Sens SiSs mainc araferi eSveleba:
nadirs xom ver gaixdi monad, stiqions xom ver daCagrav da daimorCileb, zvavs xom
ver Seakaveb, warRvnas xom ver daemalebi, vulkans xom ver gaeqcevi? es ki ici, magram
ggonia, rom, Tu Sens sacodav SiSs zemodan sxvaTa sicocxle daayare, sxvaTa tanjva-
Si, sxvaTa cremlebSi, sxvaTa SeuracxyofaSi, sxvaTa ubedurebaSi gaaxvie, raki veRar
dainaxav, Tavsac moityueb, viTom aRarc arsebobs. magram Seni mcdeloba mxolod Sens
ususurobas adasturebs. Sen xom araferi iseTi ar Cagidenia, rasac SegiZlia simamace
uwodo! Sen xom mudam imas Cagravdi, imas Zarcvavdi da imas klavdi, visi daCagvrac, vi-
si gaZarcvaca da visi mokvlac advili iyo! Sen xom yovelTvis uxifaTo gzas eZebdi!
es cixec xom imitom airCie sadgomad, rom Seni siZe advili dasamorCilebeli gamodga!
Senze ufro Zliers rom gadaeyaro, xom maSinve samalavs dauwyeb Zebnas! Seni SiSi coc-
xalia da ar iqneba erT mSvenier dRes mTeli ZaliT ar amoxeTqos, sisxlsa da xorc-
Si ar gagijdes da mTeli Seni sacodavi arseba TxemiT terfamdis, Tmis Zirebamdis Si-
Sad ar aqcios! me uiaraRod movedi aq, mkvlelebisa da yaCaRebis bunagSi, sadac ueWve-
li sikvdili meloda, Sen ki axaluxis qveS dambaCa gqonda damaluli, roca eklesiaSi
Semoxvedi, Tumca icodi, dabeCavebuli xalxi ubatonod xmis gacemas ver gagibedavda.
Sen cdilob, yvela monad gaixado, Tavad ki sakuTari SiSis mona xar da mudam imas ake-
Teb, rasac SiSi gibrZanebs. male Seni mbrZanebeli jurRmulidan amova, Tavze dagadge-
ba da Tvals TvalSi gagiyris. maSin naxav, ra yofila is SiSi, sxvebisTvis rom ase gu-
luxvad imetebdi! adre Tu gvian win Segeyreba da iseT adgilas giyelebs, gasaqcevi
arsaiT geqneba. jalaTi rom saxrCobelaze agiyvans da moqanave yulfs dainaxav, rome-
lic wamis Semdeg kiserze unda SemogeWdos, maSin mixvdebi, rom SiSis meti araferi
yofilxar... SuaRamisas tyeSi rom martodmartos mglebis xrova irgvliv Semogexveva
da nel-nela daiwyebs sasikvdilo wris Sekvras, maSin mixvdebi, rom SiSis meti arafe-
ri yofilxar. diliT rom gaiRviZeb da dainaxav, Tavze mkvleli gadgas, romlis damba-
Cis lula SublSi gaqvs mobjenili, maSin dainaxav, rom SiSis meti araferi yofilxar.
RviniT savse jamis daclisas rom gul-muceli CageTuTqeba da igrZnob, Turme romeli-
Rac Sensav amxanags sawamlavi Semouparebia, maSin mixvdebi, rom SiSis meti araferi yo-
filxar. yvelze didi SiSi mere gelis, mas Semdeg, rac sikvdilis SiSi mogklavs. yve-
laze didi SiSi maSin gelis, roca Seni codvebi matlebiviT dagexveva da Seni suli
Svebis samyofelSi Svebas ver hpovebs. ai, amis saTqmelad movedi. axla SegiZlia dauZa-
xo Sens ZaRlebs an Sens amxanagebs, romlebic Sens ZaRlebze ukeTesebi ar arian.~ anto-
nio gaCumda. mec Cumad viyavi da sakuTar sxeuls vayuradebdi. iq sibrazis talRa, ro-
melsac kargad vicnobdi, radgan Cems moqmedebas mudam is warmarTavda, ramdenjerme ai-
zida, magram verc erTxel dasayrdeni ver ipova da amitom, ramdenjerac aizida, imden-
jerve ukan daeSva...
antoniom Tqva:
_ daviTi didxans, Zalian didxans TvalmouSoreblad miyurebda da saxis gamomety-
veleba swrafad da xSir-xSirad ecvleboda, TiTqos Tavis TavSi iseT Zalas eZebda, ro-
melic eWvebs gaufantavda da mtkice gadawyvetilebamde miiyvanda. bolos, etyoba, ra-
Rac ganzraxvaze SeCerda. wamiT Taviseburma cbierma da damcinavma Rimilma gadaurbina
saxeze da yoymanmac gauara. msubuqad Setrialda, sarkmels miadga da zangs dauZaxa.
mere isev mobrunda da kvlav me momaCerda. cota xnis Semdeg kari gaiRo da zRurblze
zangi gamoCnda. daviTma TiTiT miixmo. roca zangi mis brZanebaze axlo mivida, xeli
Cemken gamoiSvira da raRac uTxra. ra uTxra, ver gavige... mxolod xmis kiloTi da gamo-
metyvelebiT Tu mivxvdebodi, raze elaparakeboda. xmis kilo mwyrali hqonda, saxe mkac-
ri, Subli SeWmuxnili. TvalebSi risxva edga. zangma pasuxad Tavi dauqnia... mere xeliT
kari maniSna da TviTonac ukan gamomyva. es Zalian mZime wuTebi iyo... ZaRlebi WiSkris-
ken mimavali bilikis zemoT Cacucquliyvnen. rom gavuswordiT, yurebi dacqvites da Ta-
vebi wamoswies. me, Cemdauneburad, Sevdeqi, zangma, romelmac Cemi SeCereba, Cans Tavisebu-
rad gaigo, ZaRlebs raRac uTxra. ZaRlebma yurebi isev dauSves. zangma win gadamiswro
da WiSkrisken wavida. mec ukan gavyevi, Tumca wamiTac ar damijerebia, rom aqedan cocx-
lad gaSvebas mipirebdnen. roca zangma WiSkari gaaRo da mis saxeze raRac Rimilis
msgavsi gaCnda, jer kidev veragobas movelodi. mxolod maSin, cxenze rom Sevjeqi, ci-
xis galavans gamovcdi da zangma, romliskenac vcdilobdi ar mimexeda, Cems zurgsukan
xmauriT daxura WiSkari, mivxvdi, rom sikvdilis SiSi Turme jer kidev ver dameZlia.
65
a) wakiTxulis gaazreba (15 qula)
(1) 5. raze migvaniSnebs antonio sityvebiT: `siZulvili ufro advilia, vidre siyvaruli~?
a) sikeTe qveyanas ufro gamoadgeba, vidre _ boroteba.
b) sikeTis keTeba ufro Znelia, vidre _ borotebisa.
g) sikeTes xalxi ufro daafasebs, vidre _ borotebas.
d) sikeTis keTeba ufro sasiamovnoa, vidre _ borotebisa.
66
(1) 9. antonios azriT, sad moelis yvelaze didi SiSi daviTs?
a) saiqioSi.
b) sapyrobileSi.
g) saxrCobelaze.
d) tyeSi.
(1) 11. ras gulisxmobs antonio, rodesac ambobs: `es Zalian mZime wuTebi iyo~?
a) daviTma veraferi gaigo.
b) daviTi Canafiqrs miuxvda.
g) yaCaRi axloblebs dauxocavda.
d) cocxals ar datovebdnen.
(1) 14. sakuTari Tavis mimarT antonios ra damokidebuleba Cans frazaSi: `sikvdilis
SiSi Turme jer kidev ver dameZlia~?
a) kritikuli.
b) kmayofili.
g) ironiuli.
d) mimtevebluri.
67
b) weriTi davaleba (25 qula)
davaleba # 15
69
(1) 1. ra ganwyoba daeuflaT `lamaz-qalaqelebs~ Tovlis danaxvisas?
a) gaogneba da sinanuli.
b) gaogneba da SeSfoTeba.
g) gaoceba da siZulvili.
d) gaoceba da sixaruli.
(1) 8. romeli sityvebi afiqrebinebs mkiTxvels, rom raRac uCveulo unda moxdes?
a) `ecva didi, mamiseuli tlanqi Ceqmebi~.
b) `faqizi nestoebi siciveSi TiTqos uTrToda~.
g) `cali xeliT doinji Semoeyara~.
d) `raRac sicelqe aSkarad Caexvia gulSi~.
(1) 9. romeli fraza mianiSnebs mkiTxvels, rom tereza Zalian lamazi qalia?
a) `sqeli Tavsafari magrad gamoenaskva yelze~.
b) `tuCebmokumuli, Rimils ZlivsZlivobiT ikavebda~.
g) `sZuldaT suyvelaferi, rac ki terezas im susxian diliT ecva~.
d) `qali amodioda TovlSi, axalgazrda, bednieri qvrivi~.
(1) 10. ratom unda iyos tereza darwmunebuli, rom aseTi ucnauri saqcielis gamo ara-
vin dascinebs?
a) kargad icis, rom `lamaz-qalaqelebs~ iumoris grZnoba ara aqvT.
b) kargad icis, rom yvela erideba da verafers gaubedaven.
g) kargad icis, rom Zalian lamazia da yvelas moswons.
d) kargad icis, rom moqalaqeebi qalis dacinvas ar ikadreben.
70
(1) 11. tropuli metyvelebis romeli saxeobaa gamoyenebuli sityvebSi: `daCvretili
fifqebi~?
a) hiperbola.
b) gapirovneba.
g) epiTeti.
d) Sedareba.
(1) 13. ra iwvevs grZnobaTa amgvar gaorebas: `yvelas uyvarda, da sZuldaT kidec~?
a) tereza cdilobs domenikos moawonos Tavi, rac sxvebs abrazebs.
b) tereza Tavs awonebs da Segnebulad aRizianebs `lamaz-qalaqis~ mamakacebs.
g) tereza Tavs awonebs domenikos, rom Semdeg erTgul ymad gaixados.
d) tereza saocrad izidavs mamakacebs, magram qali miuwvdomelia maTTvis.
71
gaaanalizeT mocemuli teqsti Semdegi miTiTebebis mixedviT:
imsjeleT terezas mxatvruli saxis Sesaxeb.
imsjeleT, ra mxatvrul saSualebebs iyenebs avtori (yuradReba miaqcieT Txrobis
stilsa da Taviseburebebs).
CamoayalibeT Tqveni pirovnuli damokidebuleba teqstis mTavari saTqmelis mimarT.
Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!
davaleba # 16
73
(1) 3. romel frazaSi mimarTavs avtori tropul metyvelebas?
a) `savarZelSi mokalaTebul qals mxolod maSinRa vamCnev, roca soxumelebs axse-
nebs~.
b) `dardiani da mSieri, sasowarkveTamde misuli Tbilisi miealerseba soxumis
mkvidrT~.
g) `qali sustia, mkacri ieris, ase ormociode wlis, nerviulad WmuWnis cxvirsa-
xocs~.
d) `Tu Cven WkuiT ar moviqceviT... mere yvelaferi Cvens Tavs unda davabraloT~.
(1) 4. rogor moxda, rom devnilebs lamis afxazeTis omi gauxdaT sanatreli?
a) zugdidan wamosvlisas ramdenime qalma devnilebi dawyevla.
b) cxeniswylis xidis gadasvla saerTod SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda.
g) sikvdilis safrTxis gamo ukan gabruneba mouxdaT.
d) moulodnelad aRmoCndnen sikvdilis safrTxis winaSe.
(1) 6. ris gamoxatva surs avtors sityvebiT: `avtobusis ukana savarZelze bibliur me-
udabnoesaviT naxevradwamowolili da naxevradmTvlemare, naxevrad avtobusSi da
naxevrad kidev, RmerTma uwyis, sad myofi~?
a) sakuTari uZlurebisadmi ironiuli damokidebulebis.
b) sakuTari SemarTebisadmi ironiuli damokidebulebis.
g) sakuTari ugunurebisadmi ironiuli damokidebulebis.
d) sakuTari gulgrilobisadmi ironiuli damokidebulebis.
(1) 7. ram ganapiroba, rom soxumidan devnilTaTvis ucnobi qalis braldeba `araxali~
iyo?
a) maT ukve bevrjer daabrales samSoblos interesebis sawinaaRmdego moqmedeba.
b) maT ukve bevrjer daabrales kanonierad arCeuli xelisuflebis damxoba.
g) maT ukve bevrjer usayvedures TanamemamuleTa mimarT gulgrilobis gamo.
d) maT ukve bevrjer usayvedures ruseTis jaris mxardaWeris gamo.
(1) 9. `viRacis mier gaxelebuli~ qalebis romeli sityvebi SeiZleba iwvevdes mkiTxve-
lis ironias?
a) `aibargeT aqedan, Tqve SevardnaZistebo! gamyidvelebo!~
b) `zugdidis wminda miwas ar unda daadgaT fexi!~
g) `mieciT, kidev mieciT SevardnaZes xma~.
d) `axia Tqvenze, rac mogividaT!~
(1) 10. ra azrs gamoxatavs mTxrobeli erT-erTi personaJis sityvebiT: `es ltolvilebi
sul zviadistebi arian...~?
a) am sityvebis mTqmeli gamoxatavs gulgrilobas Seqmnili viTarebis gamo.
b) am sityvebis mTqmels gulwrfelad awuxebs soxumeli devnilebis gaWirveba.
g) am sityvebis mTqmeli arafriT gansxvavdeba `viRacis mier gaxelebuli~ qalebisagan.
d) am sityvebis mTqmels kargad aqvs gaazrebuli Seqmnili viTarebis tragizmi.
74
(1) 11. sakuTari Tavis mimarT mTxroblis ra damokidebuleba vlindeba sityvebSi: `TviT-
Sewirvis rainduli elferiT vmosav~?
a) ironiuli.
b) aRfrTovanebuli.
g) Semwynarebluri.
d) usamarTlo.
(1) 12. qalis ra Tviseba Cans mTxrobliseul SefasebaSi: `is qali ar aris, vinmes sityva
SearCinos~?
a) cru da upiro adamiania.
b) TvalTmaqci da eWviani adamiania.
g) ukmexi da anCxli adamiania.
d) gaunaTlebeli da ugunuri adamiania.
(1) 13. ras gulismobs mTxrobeli sityvebSi: `maT Cveni misalmebis gagoneba swadiaT~?
a) avtobusSi myof adamianebs `diplomatiuri misiis~ warmateba surT.
b) avtobusSi myof adamianebs mopaeqreTa dazavebis xilva surT.
g) avtobusSi myof adamianebs moqiSpeTa Tavidan moSoreba surT.
d) avtobusSi myof adamianebs mwvave dapirispirebis xilva surT.
75
gaaanalizeT mocemuli teqsti Semdegi miTiTebebis mixedviT:
imsjeleT `gidis savarZelSi mokalaTebuli qalis~ mxatvruli saxis Sesaxeb.
imsjeleT, ra mxatvrul saSualebebs iyenebs avtori (yuradReba miaqcieT Txrobis
stilsa da Taviseburebebs).
CamoayalibeT Tqveni pirovnuli damokidebuleba teqstSi wamoWrili ZiriTadi prob-
lemis mimarT.
Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!
davaleba # 1
davaleba # 2
davaleba # 3
davaleba # 4
davaleba # 5
davaleba # 6
davaleba # 7
davaleba # 8
76
davaleba # 9
davaleba # 10
davaleba # 11
davaleba # 12
davaleba # 13
davaleba # 14
davaleba # 15
davaleba # 16
77
I kriteriumi
0 naweri
5. teqsti mTlianobaSi araadekvaturadaa gagebuli. aRar
swordeba
II kriteriumi
78
III kriteriumi
79
IV kriteriumi
V kriteriumi
VI kriteriumi
80
VII kriteriumi
VIII kriteriumi
IX kriteriumi
81
wakiTxulis gaazrebisa da weriTi davalebis Sesrulebisas umjobesia, abiturienti
rigis mixedviT mihyvebodes davalebebs. wakiTxulis gaazrebis rigianad Sesruleba ga-
uadvilebs mas Semdegis _ weriTi davalebis _ Sesrulebas, radgan bevri ram, rac teq-
stis analizisas dasWirdeba, mas ukve gaazrebuli eqneba SekiTxvebze pasuxebis gace-
mis Sedegad.
wakiTxulis gaazrebis Sesrulebisas sasurvelia, abiturientma erTxel mainc mTli-
anad waikiTxos teqsti, raTa gaiazros misi mTavari saTqmeli da avtoris mizandasaxu-
loba. amis Semdeg ki gaecnos SekiTxvebsa da asarCev pasuxebs, daubrundes teqsts da
Tavidan, dakvirvebiT gaiazros is konkretuli monakveTi, romelsac esa Tu is SekiTx-
va exeba. xSirad asarCevi oTxi pasuxidan oTxive pirdapir teqstidan aris amoRebuli,
magram mxolod erTi maTgani aris im konkretuli SekiTxvis pasuxi, romelsac igi mos-
devs da, amdenad, swori pasuxis migneba teqstis Rrmad gagebasa da dakvirvebul ana-
lizs moiTxovs. rogorc gamocdilebam gviCvena, abiturientebi xSirad Cqaroben da ar
ubrundebian teqstis ama Tu im monakveTs, xelaxla da dakvirvebiT aRar kiTxuloben
maT, es ki imas iwvevs, rom ramdenime qulas mxolod uyuradRebobisa da siCqaris gamo
kargaven.
weriTi davalebis Sesrulebisas abiturientma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos im kon-
kretul miTiTebebze, romlebic yovel teqsts mosdevs. sasurvelia, ar gascdes am mi-
TiTebebs da tyuilubralod ar dakargos dro, vTqvaT, epoqis mimoxilvasa an mwerlis
biografiul detalebze. xSir SemTxvevaSi abiturientebi argumentirebis nacvlad teq-
stis mTeli monakveTis Sinaarss gadmoscemen xolme. weriTi davalebis piroba ki mxat-
vruli teqstis analizs moiTxovs. mxolod perifrazi, Tundac sruliad uSecdomo,
dadebiT Sefasebas ver daimsaxurebs.
ix. davaleba #1
ix. davaleba #2
83
ix. davaleba #3
ix. davaleba #3
ix. davaleba #4
msoflios pirveli umaRlesi saswavlebeli 1088 wels italiis qalaq boloniaSi da-
arsda. Semdgom saukuneebSi universitetebi popularuli gaxda, radgan iq araerTi mecni-
eri moRvaweobda. maTi mniSvneloba gansakuTrebiT humanizmis epoqaSi gaizarda. dRes sa-
qarTveloSi, iseve rogorc mTel msoflioSi, araerTi umaRlesi saswavlebelia, samuSao
adgili ki cotaa. arsebobs mosazreba, rom universitetebis raodenoba mkveTrad unda
Semcirdes, radgan axalgazrdebis dasaqmeba sul ufro problemuri xdeba.
vfiqrob, yvelas aqvs ufleba, iyos ganaTlebuli. es gaeros adamianis uflebaTa kon-
venciis erT-erTi ZiriTadi punqtia. Cven Tavad ganvsazRvravT, gvsurs Tu ara universi-
tetSi Cabareba da, Cemi azriT, saxelmwifos ara aqvs ufleba, SegvzRudos. Tumca, un-
da iTqvas, rom samarTali da sinamdvile xSirad erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba. mravali qvey-
nis ekonomika ar aris imdenad Zlieri, rom TiToeuli kvalificiuri kadri samuSaoTi
uzrunvelyos. amitom bunebrivicaa, rom xalxis nawilsa da mTavrobasac ki umaRlesi
saswavleblebis raodenobis Semcireba surT. erT-erTma kvlevam daadgina, rom espaneTSi
magistris xarisxis mqone pirTa 30% umuSevaria. es problema gansakuTrebiT bolo wle-
bis ekonomikuri krizisis gamo aris aqtualuri. vfiqrob, rac unda iyos, xalxi ar Se-
iZleba gaxdes msoflio politikuri da ekonomikuri TamaSebis msxverpli. umaRlesi
saswavleblebi ar unda daixuros, radgan maTi mravalferovneba saSualebas aZlevs
adamians, sasurveli saqme Seiswavlos. Cemi azriT, samuSao adgilebis simcire mxolod
mTavrobis mosagvarebeli problemaa. xalxi swored amitom irCevs mas. es sakiTxi ar
unda wydebodes adamianTa ganaTlebis xarjze. naTqvamia, rom Zlieri saxelmwifos sa-
fuZveli universitetia. Cemi azriT, ganaTlebuli adamianebi keTilsindisieri da kanon-
morCili moqalaqeebi arian. qveyanas swored isini aZliereben.
am yvelafridan gamomdinare, ar veTanxmebi mocemul mosazrebas, rom umaRlesi sas-
wavleblebis raodenoba mkveTrad unda Semcirdes. am problemis gadasaWrelad mizanSe-
wonilad miviCnev, mTavrobam efeqturi ekonomikuri gegma SeimuSavos. mas SeuZlia moqa-
laqeebisagan moisminos, rogor moagvaros dasaqmebis problema da airCios saukeTeso va-
rianti an aiRos sesxi, magaliTad, msoflio bankisagan da samuSao adgilebi Seqmnas.
ix. davaleba #7
televizias sakmaod didi adgili uWiravs Cvens cxovrebaSi. igi sazogadoebis in-
formirebis udidesi saSualebaa. didi mniSvneloba aqvs informaciis siswores, Tu
ramdenad obieqturadaa igi gadmocemuli. me veTanxmebi mosazrebas, rom axalgazr-
debis msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi did rols asrulebs televizia. igi udide-
si iaraRia xalxis samarTavad. sakmarisia mcire satelevizio propaganda, rom sazo-
gadoebis, umetesad ki axalgazrdobis, azrovneba davimorCiloT. msoflioSi televi-
ziis da satelefono arxebis gaCenas SedarebiT gvian, 90-ianebSi, mohyva `komerciuli
Wrebis~ _ reklamebis gaCena. reklamebma male daipyro msoflio da sazogadoebis
SedarebiT susti azrovnebis mqone nawilis _ axalgazrdebis gemovneba Camoayaliba.
Seayvara is produqcia, romelsac ufro mimzidveli reklama hqonda.
Cven vwyvetT dRes, Tu ra mogindebaT xval! _ es frederik begbederis, msxvili
franguli sareklamo kompaniis yofili kreatiuli menejerisa da cnobili mwerlis
sityvebia. igi Tavis nawarmoebSi 99 franki naTlad asaxavs im Zalas, romelic sa-
zogadoebas marTavs: sareklamo rgolebSi naCveneb Sokoladisfer, seqsualur qa-
lebs, romlebic unaklod gamoiyurebian; mudam mwvane mindvrebs da mudam lamaz cas.
axalgazrdebis umetesoba im samyaroSia gamoketili, romelsac begbederi aRwers da
sinamdvileSi ar arsebobs. magaliTad, axalgazrda biWi, romelmac televizorSi avto-
mobilis reklama naxa da moewona, mTeli weli muSaobs, agrovebs fuls, iklebs sia-
movnebas, unda iseTive magari tipi iyos, rogoric reklamaSi im axali avtomobi-
lis mflobelia. roca biWi fuls Seagrovebs, aRmoaCens, rom avtomobilis firmam ukve
gaumjobesebuli modeli gamouSva, romelic bevrad jobia Zvels. biWi axali modelis-
Tvis iwyebs damatebiT fulis Segrovebas da elodeba im nanatr dros, roca reklamaSi
nanax samyaroSi Seva, sadac yvelaferi vardisferia da sinamdvileSi ar arsebobs.
safrangeTidan davbrundeT saqarTveloSi. aviRoT 2008 wlis omis magaliTi, rode-
sac ori frontis xazi iyo: erTi realuri da meore _ satelevizio. satelevizio pro-
85
pagandam mogvca Sedegi. dRes qarTvelebs sZulT ruseTi da rusebs _ piriqiT. qarTve-
lebi rusebs adanaSauleben omSi da rusebi _ qarTvelebs, Tumca aravin icis, ra
moxda sinamdvileSi. maT ician mxolod is, rac televizorSi moismines.
Cemi azriT, televiziam Tavisi Zalebis maqsimumi 90-ianebidan dRemde ukve gamoiyena
da axla nel-nela meore planze gadadis. mizezi televiziis gavlenis Sesustebisa ara
sazogadoebis gamofxizleba, aramed ufro Zlieri da yovlismomcveli Zalis _ inter-
netis gamoCenaa.
zogadad, propagandisgan Tavis daRweva SeuZleblad mimaCnia, magram konkretulad
televiziasTan brZola SesaZlebelia mkacri kontrolis dawesebiT, reklamebis maqsi-
malurad Semcirebis da SemecnebiTi gadacemebis momravlebis xarjze.
ix. davaleba #7
jadosnur yuTSi molaparakeebs teleekrans miRma aRaravin eZebs. metic, yuTis ja-
dosnobas yavli gauvida, axali xili aRar aris, mayurebels ki misdami interesi ar
ganelebia. satelevizio gadacemebs Tvals adevneben mozardebic. aRsaniSnavia, rom ev-
ropaSi gacilebiT naklebi mozardi uyurebs televizors, vidre saqarTveloSi. ganvi-
Tarebul qveynebSi miaCniaT, rom televizias ar ZaluZs swori Rirebulebebi Cauner-
gos axalgazrdas. germaniis eleqtroteqnikis maRaziebSi yvelaze naklebad televizo-
ri iyideba. Cans, Tvalsawieris gasafarToeblad sxva rames iyeneben. saqarTvelos
TiTqmis yvela ojaxSi aris es mowyobiloba. amiT Tavs iqcevs yvela Taoba.
sazogadoebis nawili fiqrobs, rom axalgazrdebis msoflxedvis CamoyalibebaSi
televizias udidesi roli aqvs. faqtebis safuZvelze askvnian, rom am ukanasknels
mniSvnelovani gavlena aqvs axal Taobaze. sociumis mcire nawili uaryofs mediis
amgvar funqcias. is miiCnevs, rom mas msoflxedvis Camoyalibeba da pirovnebis formi-
reba ar SeuZlia. samwuxarod, uamravi bavSvi Tu mozardi saaTobiT iwamleba uxaris-
xo gadacemebiT. maT azrovnebaze mniSvnelovnad moqmedebs televiziiT gavrcelebu-
li informacia. amgvarad, vfiqrob, rom axalgazrdebis msoflxedvis formirebaSi te-
levizias udidesi zegavlena aqvs.
media Seiqmna masebisTvis. yvelas ar xelewifeba sakuTar sulierebaze zrunva. ro-
gorc m. javaxiSvili ambobda, xalxis udidesi nawili wabaZviT azrovnebs da sakuTa-
ri azri ar gaaCniao. sazogadoebis es nawili Tavs iqcevs televiziiT, udrtvinvelad
iRebs iq gacxadebul ideebs.
sulxan-saba orbeliani individuumis ganviTarebis umTavres pirobad wvrTnas sa-
xavs. leonis aRzrdis meTodebi jumberis sulier ganviTarebas emsaxureboda. amasve
amtkicebs daviT guramiSvili swavla moswavleTaSi:
nu genaRvlebis swavlazed yrmis wkeplis cemiT kivili,
mal gamrTeldebis uwamlod misi wylurebis tkivili.
misi azriT, mas Semdeg, rac moswavle swavlas srulyofs, ganisvenebs. televi-
zia ki mozardis suls ver wvrTnis da amas verasdros moaxerxebs. misi uxarisxo,
masebisTvis Seqmnili gadacemebi amaxinjebs mozardis azrTa bades. gasarTobi Souebi
mdare iumoris wyaroa. SemecnebiTi gadacemebis aSkara naklebobaa, Tumca panacea arc
esaa. bavSvebi, cxovrebisagan gamoubrZmedelebi, ibeWdaven televizorSi mosmenils.
eris saubedurod, maTi suli maxinjdeba, msoflxedva maTi jebirSi eqceva.
evropaSi ase ar aris. mozardebi drois umetes nawils skolaSi atareben, kiTxu-
loben wignebs an misdeven TavianT gatacebas. maTi cxovreba mravalferovania. sate-
levizio gadacemebi maTTvis mosawyenia. amis erT-erTi mizezi, uciloblad, ekonomi-
kuri ganviTarebis donea. qveynis ekonomikazea damokidebuli TiTqmis yvela socia-
luri problema. qarTvel bavSvs naklebi Tavisufleba aqvs, akeTos sayvareli saqme.
is dabeCavebulia yofiTi problemebiT. marTalia, wignis wakiTxva yvelas xelewife-
ba, Tumca mciredTa bednierebaa iqidan WeSmariti arsis amokiTxva. es yvelas ar moeT-
xoveba. suli yoveli adamianisa individualuria, saWiroebs ganviTarebas. mozards un-
da Seeqmnas piroba, raTa aRmoaCinos Tavisi gataceba da misdios mas. televizia, ra
Tqma unda, am SesaZleblobas ar iZleva. is gmanavs yvela im WuWrutas, saidanac na-
Teli Semodis. televizias mijaWvulTa msoflxedva viwroa, azrovneben wabaZviT, uxor-
Tumo spiloebs hgvanan, advilad samarTavni arian. saqarTveloSi ramdenime weliwadSi
erTxel tardeba statistikuri gamokvleva. Sedegebi savalaloa. axalgazrdebi yo-
veldRe uyureben uxarisxo gadacemebs. sabednierod, aris inteleqtualuri Sou qar-
86
Tul telesivrceSi _ ra? sad? rodis?, Tumc mTeli kvira mdare sanaxaobebiT gaje-
rebuls is ver uSvelis.
SveicariaSi fsiqologebma akrZales bavSvebisa da mozardebisaTvis or saaTze
met xans televizoris yureba. ingliseli reJisoris, devid brunos, dokumenturi
filmi am Temas eZRvneba. filmSi naxsenebia, rom gamosxiveba zians ayenebs janmrTe-
lobas da zrdis leikemiiT daavadebis risks. filmSi fsiqologebi, aRmzrdelebi,
mSoblebi erTxmad amtkiceben, rom televizia aClungebs mozards, radgan swrafad
sTavazobs uamrav informacias. maT gaanalizebas mozardi ver aswrebs. droTa ganmav-
lobaSi mas uyalibdeba msoflxedva viwro, moSxamuli. televizia spobs individuu-
mis Tavisufal ganviTarebas. is axalgazrdas Clung da beCav arsebad ayalibebs.
Cemi xedviT, televizia momavalSic mniSvnelovan zegavlenas moaxdens axalgazr-
debze. saukeTeso gamosavali pedagogTa da mSobelTa dauRalavi mcdelobaa, miscen
individs azris Tavisufleba. sazogadoebis gaumjobesebisTvis aucilebelia Semcir-
des televiziis roli. mjera, saqarTveloSic dadgeba sulieri aRorZinebis xana.
ix. davaleba #8
ix. davaleba #8
87
rcelebis saSualeba misca, savsebiT dasaSvebi gaxdeba, rom romelime eri nacisturi
germaniis mdgomareobaSi Cavardes,Kkacobriobis winaSe Cadenili danaSauli ki gameor-
des. dRevandeli kanoni ebrZvis qsenofobiur azrebs da es mizanSewoniladac mimaCnia.
vfiqrob, rom aucilebelia mkafiod da zustad ganisazRvros sityvis Tavisuflebis
ufleba.
mimaCnia, rom, garda iuridiulad dazustebuli kanonisa, aseve sagulisxmoa is
kultura da moralur-eTikuri normebi, romelic Cvens qveyanas gaaCnia. Cemi azriT,
adamianis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis darRveva gamoiwvevs sazogadoebis didi
nawilis ukmayofilebasa da protests. yoveli eris istoriaSi zneobrivi norma warmo-
adgens yovelgvari kanonis safuZvels. amitom mimaCnia, rom es ori kanoni warmate-
biT dabalansdeba, magram im SemTxvevaSi, Tu piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba da-
irRveva da xalxi ufro faseulad sityvis Tavisuflebas CaTvlis, Zneli ar iqneba
momavlis gansazRvra, vinaidan adamianebs gauCndebaT sxva pirebis kompromentirebisa
da SantaJis saSualeba da es damangrevlad imoqmedebs Cvens sazogadoebaze, gamartiv-
deba fulis gamoZalva da adamianebze manipulirebis sadaveebic momravlde-
ba,Bborotebisa da usamarTlobis marwuxebSi moeqceva uamravi adamiani da amis sapir-
woned ixeirebs romelime kerZo jgufi an pirovneba.
magram meore mxriv, azris gamoxatvis kultura Zalian mniSvnelovania. ubralod,
saWiroa garkveuli normebisa da sxva wesebis gaTvaliswineba. Cven unda vecadoT, rom
davareguliroT da sxva normebs SevuwyoT. sityvis gamoxatvis Tavisufleba erT-erTi
umniSvnelovanesi da erTgvari panaceaa demokratiuli sazogadoebis arsebobisaTvis.
88
ri daudos. aseT gaumaZRrobas poeti mefeTa magaliTze warmoaCens _ mefeni xom yve-
laze didi Zalauflebis mpyrobelni arian. miuxedavad amisa `SfoTven da drtvinven~
gavlenis gasafarToeblad. survilTa raodenobaze saubrisas iSleba sazRvari sike-
Tesa da borotebas Soris. miznebis gansxvavebulobis miuxedavad, ambiciis doza yve-
laSi erTnairia. poeti, am mxriv, gamorCeuli adamiania, xvdeba amgvari ambiciis saco-
daobas. am monakveTSi misi sityvebi cnobili frazis _ `miwa xar da miwad iqcevi~ _
asociacias iwvevs.
swored adamianTa amgvari aRweris fonze Cndeba poetis mTavari saTqmeli, rac Cve-
ni yofiTi ambiciebis daokebisaken mowodeba da zneobrivi valis aRsrulebaa. es va-
li sicocxlis gamovlinebaa wuTisofelze zrunvaSi. sanam vcocxlobT, mkvdrisgan
`mSobelze~ zrunvis unariT unda ganvsxvavdebodeT, swored es Segvimsubuqebs tanj-
vas da mogvgvris Svebas.
poeti leqsis melanqoliuri ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad gvixatavs mtkvris peizaJs da
mis fonze lirikul avtoportrets. Tvalwin gvidgeba idayvdayrdnobili, Cafiqrebu-
li mgosani, romelic mtkvars SesCivis: `vin icis, mtkvaro, ras butbuteb, visTvis ras
ityvi?~ am taepSi, mtkvrisadmi mimarTvaSi, avtori gapirovnebas iyenebs. sxva mxriv, mxat-
vruli xerxebiT teqsti Raribia. gamoyenebulia epiTeti: `cda qebuli~, `gansvenebuli~
(mefe)... peizaJi bundovandeba, roca poeti horizonts miRma icqireba, `samyaros iqiT
eZiebs sadgurs~. es misi fiqrisa da tanjvis usasrulobaze metyvelebs. aRsaniSnavia,
rom usasrulobis gancdis Seqmna germanelma mxatvarma kaspar david fridrixma hori-
zontis uaryofiT moaxerxa.
leqsSi riTma zogjer ormarcvliania _ qaluri (cremliT, mowyeniT), gvxvdeba erT-
marcvliani _ vaJuri (ityvi, utyvi) da sammarcvliani _ daqtiluri (kamara _ ankara)
riTmebic. gamoyenebulia arazusti riTmebi.
piradad me mimaCnia, rom marTlac savalaloa, roca adamianebma winaswar viciT Cve-
ni gardauvali sikvdili, Cven ki sicocxles vebRauWebiT. miuxedavad amisa, n. baraTaS-
viliseul romantikul pesimizms ar viziareb. mimaCnia, rom azrs moklebulia, mudmi-
vad cremls Rvride imis gamo, rac aucileblad moxdeba. Tumca meCveneba, rom roman-
tikuli foni, melanqoliuri mizanscena mgosans Cvens gamosafxizleblad sWirdeba. po-
etic fiqrobs, rom umjobesia, movaleobaTa, daniSnulebaTa Sesrulebaze vifiqroT,
vizrunoT. esaa Cveni cxovrebis arsi. am mxriv, Cemi pirovnuli mrwamsi Semoqmedis mo-
ralur kredos emTxveva. mec mimaCnia, rom sicocxlis nabijebma keTili kvali unda aR-
beWdos, raTa Semdgom Taobebs `siZnele gzisa gauadvildes~.
Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, adamians wuTisoflis wesebiT cxovreba moeTxoveba, Tumca am-
qveyniur cxovrebaze zrunvas me davamatebdi samSobloze, enaze, momaval Taobaze, kul-
turul faseulobebze, istoriul da socialur Rirebulebebze zrunvasa da maT gafr-
Txilebas. vityodi, rogorc ilia ityoda: `yovel dResa Sens Tavs hkiTxe, aba, me dRes
vis ra varge~. Tu am princips SevasrulebT, cxovrebiseul valsac pirnaTlad movixdiT.
`cixis sizmari~
(ix. davaleba #8)
`mziani Rame~
(ix. davaleba #11)
nodar dumbaZis romanSi `mziani Rame~ Temuris mxatvruli saxe naTladaa aRwerili.
es personaJi SegviZlia davaxasiaToT misi qceviTa da metyvelebiT. monakveTis dasawyis-
Sive ikveTeba Temuris SiSi: `tanSi Jruantelma damiara, muxlebi momekveTa~. igi uxa-
liso da, TiTqos, imedgacruebulia: `kibeze uxalisod avdiodi~, `CemTvis yuradReba
aravis mouqcevia~. mis sulier mdgomareobas es fraza kargad gamoxatavs: `me mesmoda
mxolod Cemi guliscema, viRacis skamis suliswamRebi Wriali, meti araferi~. Temuris
qcevaSi Cans, rom igi dedasTan urTierTobas gadaCveulia, man ver SeZlo dedis misal-
mebaze pasuxis gacema. is aRelvebuli da dabneulia, ar icis rogor moiqces: `axla Se-
val da rames vetyvi. ras? ar vici... iqneb, TviTon miTxras rame...~, `me ubralod davxuWe
Tvalebi da velodi, ra moxdeboda~. es personaJi emociurobiT gamoirCeva: `me mindoda,
movmkvdariyavi, davyruebuliyavi, mekivla, dameZaxa mezoblebisaTvis, rom eSvelaT Cem-
Tvis~, `gamarjobaT, qalbatono!... _ vTqvi da tirili daviwye...~. Temuris msoflmxedve-
loba Cans frazaSi: `mTeli sicocxle unda iaro, mTeli sicocxle, boloSi rom mix-
vide~. teqstSi Cans misi pirovnuli tragedia, romelic stalinurma reJimma ganapiroba,
igi dedasTan gaucxovebulia.
es teqsti naTeli magaliTia imisa, Tu rogor zegavlenas axdens epoqa da garemo
adamianTa urTierTobaze. saanalizo nawyvetis mTavari saTqmelic isaa, rom tiranulma
reJimma deda-Svilis urTierTobazec ki imoqmeda. sabWoTa xelisuflebam deda da Svi-
li erTmaneTs daaSora da maT dedaSvilobas didi safrTxe Seuqmna. avtorma es saT-
qmeli uaRresad emociurad gadmogvca: dedas `Tvalebidan mduRare cremlebi~ sdioda,
aseve, misi gulistkivili da sinanuli Semdegi sityvebiTaa gamoxatuli: `ratom rva
wlis ar xar isev, Cemo patara biWo, ratom rva wlis ara xar, ratom, ratom ara xar~.
mTavari saTqmelis ukeT gadmosacemad avtori sxvadasxva mxatvrul saSualebas iye-
nebs: dapirispireba-kontrasts: sabWoTa xelisufleba _ deda-Svili, SiSi _ uSfoTve-
loba, siyvaruli _ siZulvili, warsuli _ awmyo, bedniereba _ ubedureba, tragedia _
komedia, tirili _ sicili, sikeTe _ boroteba. mxatvrul teqstSi uxvadaa epiTetebi:
`WaRara~, `daRlili~, `TeTri~, `gamxdari~, `susti~, `samariseburi~, `SeSinebuli~, `su-
liswamRebi~, `neli~, `Cumi~, `cxadi~, `bednieri~, `TeTri~, `lamazi~, `aTrTolebuli~,
`mduRare~. nodar dumbaZe, aseve, iyenebs Sedarebas: `es ar iyo sizmari, es iyo cxadi,
rogorc Svidi Wadari universitetis win~, `moCvenebasaviT uaxlovdeboda~. is mimar-
Tavs ironias: `jigaro, deputati ki xar, magram bileTis aReba ar dagaviwydes~. monak-
veTSi mravladaa idioma: `adgilze gavqvavdi~, `tanSi Jruantelma damiara~, `samarisebu-
ri siCume Camovarda~, `guli yelSi momebjina~, `mduRare cremlebi Camosdioda~, `mux-
lebi momekveTa~.
Cemi azriT, mxatvruli teqstis problema aqtualuria. im epoqam da garemom, romel-
Sic adamiani cxovrobs, SeiZleba pirovnebaze uaryofiTad imoqmedos. romanSi cxadad
davinaxeT tiranuli reJimis sisastike, man dedaSvilur urTierTobazec ki imoqmeda.
imave problemas exeba mixeil javaxiSvilis `jayos xiznebic~. sabWoTa xelisuflebam
da maSindelma drom col-qmris urTierToba daangria da Teimurazi TviTmkvlelobam-
dec ki miiyvana. mimaCnia, rom ra sastikic ar unda iyos epoqa, rogori gaucxoebulic
ar unda iyos sazogadoeba, adamianma rwmena arasodes ar unda dakargos.
`mziani Rame~
(ix. davaleba #11)
mocemul nawyvetSi nodar dumbaZis moTxrobidan `mziani Rame~ erTi ojaxis trage-
diiT avtors surs gvaCvenos sabWoTa epoqis gavlena adamianur urTierTobebze. Temuri
da dedamisi mwerals sabWoTa represiebis msxverplTa mxatvrul saxed hyavs warmodge-
nili. Temuris personaJi im adamianTa ganzogadebuli saxea, romelTac sabWoTa reJimma
fizikur ganadgurebaze didi ziani miayena, waarTva adamianuri urTierTobebi. swored
sabWoTa reJimma moaxerxa SvilisTvis deda imdenad ucxo adamianad eqcia, rom `qalba-
tonis~ garda, misTvis sxva mimarTvis forma ver moeZebna. Temuris, rogorc personaJis,
92
pirovnuli Tvisebebis danaxva, mcire teqstis miuxedavad, SesaZlebelia. miuxedavad
rTuli bavSvobisa, is axerxebs SeinarCunos adamianis TanagrZnobis, siyvarulis unari,
rasac igi dedasTan urTierTobisas amJRavnebs. magaliTad, rodesac bevrs fiqrobs, Tu
ra hkiTxos, rogor `miuaxlovdes~ mas, raTa guli ar atkinos, an, rodesac fexze wamo-
ayenebs da xels moxvevs dedas. aq Cans misi TanagrZnobis unari da gaucxoebasTan brZo-
lis survili. nawarmoebis bolos Temuri axerxebs sakuTar TavSi ipovos Zala, daZli-
os Zlieri gaucxoebis grZnoba da mZime bavSvobis aCrdilad qceul WaRara qals kvlav
dauZaxos `deda~. am sityvebiT Temuri, rogorc qarTuli sazogadoebis simbolo, TiTqos
amarcxebs borotebis imperias, romlis mTavari iaraRi swored adamianuri urTierTo-
bebis CakvliT ugulo adamianebis Camoyalibebaa, raTa ukeT samarTavi sazogadoeba Seq-
mnas. borotebis gamefeba mxolod usiyvarulo sazogadoebaSia SesaZlebeli.
vfiqrob, avtoris mizani iyo aRewera sabWoTa reJimis mier ganadgurebuli adamia-
nuri urTierTobebi. amisTvis man dedaSvilobis magaliTi airCia, radgan es yvelaze
wminda da Zlieri kavSiria TiTqmis yoveli adamianisTvis da mxolod udides borote-
bas SeuZlia mis winaaRmdeg `galaSqreba~. teqstis mizani, vfiqrob, sabWoTa reJimis mxi-
leba da misi mankierebebis Cvenebaa, aRwera imisa, Tu ra tkivilebi gadaitana qarTul-
ma sazogadoebam represiebis epoqaSi. `orma mamakacma, romelTagan erTi SeSinebuli Can-
da, meore ki iRimeboda da piri vercxlis kbilebiT hqonda gamotenili~ _ am erTi Se-
xedviT umniSvnelo frazaSi, romliTac mTxrobeli dedis dasapatimreblad mosul or
adamians aRwers, srulad airekleba sabWoTa sistema, romelic gamefda sazogadoebaSi,
romlis erTma nawilma adamianoba `vercxlis kbilebze~ gacvala, xolo meore nawils
SiSis `uRelma~ aiZula morCileba. adamianur urTierTobebze totalitarizmis gavle-
nis Cveneba aseve mTavari mizania nawarmoebebSi `lara~ da `jayos xiznebi~.
avtori iyenebs eqspresiul, emociur, humanizmiT gajerebul Txrobis stils. iyenebs
mxatvrul xerxebs. mag., Sedarebas: `moCvenebasaviT uaxlovdeba Cems sawols~, raTa mZaf-
rad gamoxatos mTxrobelis emocia. aseve iyenebs epiTets: `oTaxSi samariseburi siCume
Camovarda~, raTa aRweros uxerxuli, monatrebiTa da gaucxoebiT gaJRenTili siCume,
romelic amdeni wlis ganSorebis Semdeg Seyril deda-Svils Soris Camovarda. Temu-
ris dedisadmi didi siyvarulis gadmosacemad avtori mimarTavs hiperbolas, rodesac
Temuri ambobs: `igi msoflioSi yvela dedaze lamazi iyo~.
`mziani Rame~
(ix. davaleba #12)
`borotsa sZlia keTilman, arseba misi grZelia~ _ wers SoTa rusTaveli da am afo-
rizmis sidiadisa da WeSmaritebis kidev erTi dasturi mocemuli monakveTia.
rogorc Sesavlidan vigebT, abibo aris adamiani, romelmac borotad gamoiyena Te-
muris ndoba da axla, rodesac igi sikvdilis pirasaa, misi sicocxle Temurzea damo-
kidebuli. Temuris personaJs mTeli siuJetis ganmavlobaSi Sinagani brZolebi aqvs.
pirvel abzacSi is gvevlineba ganadgurebul, siZulviliTa da SurisZiebis surviliT
Sepyrobil adamianad. is ambobs: `kvdeboda kaci, romlis sikvdilsac vnatrobdi~. es
grZnoba bunebrivia, radgan Temuri gulnatkeni da imedgacruebulia. misi sulieri mdgo-
mareoba kargad Cans sityvebSi: `sulSi CamafurTxa, miwasTan gamaswora, gamwira~. ndo-
baze mas piriqiT upasuxes, gayidviT. swored am yvelafridan gamomdinare, igi fiqrobs,
rom ar daindobs abibos. `iqneb haeri unda, da me var misi macocxlebeli haeri, _ ara,
ara, daxSuli sarkmeli var misTvis~ _ swored aseTi `daundobelia~ Tavidan Temuri.
Tumca is, rom Temuri sinamdvileSi sulac araa aseTi, pirvel abzacSive Cans. is ner-
viulobs, aRelvebulia: `me xelebi mikankalebda, piri gamSrali mqonda~. es gvafiqrebi-
nebs, rom mas ar SeuZlia mkvleloba.
Cemi fiqrebi da varaudebi Temuris Sesaxeb teqstSi marTldeba. im wuTidanve, roca
abibo daxmarebas iTxovs, Temuris damokidebuleba icvleba: `03 avkrife da saswrafo
daxmareba gamoviZaxe~. yvelaferi, rasac manamde fiqrobda, gaqarwylda. Temuri abibo-
saTvis sikvdili ki ar aRmoCnda, rogorc amas Tavidan fiqrobs, aramed sicocxlis dam-
brunebeli. mkiTxveli am faqts acnobierebs maSin, rodesac saswrafo modis da erT-
erTi eqimi ambobs: `droze mogiswriaT, nu geSiniaT...~
Temurs, rogorc zemoT vaxsene, Sinagani brZolebi aqvs. mis metamorfozas mkiTxve-
li naTlad xedavs epizodSi, roca is abibos Rames uTenebs. `Tavidan siZulviliT ye-
lamde savse, Cemda gasaocrad, TandaTan davicale...~ Cven vxedavT, rogor icleba per-
93
sonaJi siZulvilisgan, Semdeg ki jer arafers grZnobs, bolos ki _ TanagrZnobas: `me
avivse yelamde sibraluliT am kacis mimarT...~
ra aris misi mTavari motivi? ratom ar pasuxobs igi borotebaze imaveTi? amas er-
Ti axsna, erTi pasuxi aqvs da Temuri Tavadve ambobs: `me mkvleli ara var, Zia abibo!~
diax, is ar aris mkvleli, mas SeuZlia patieba, mas SeuZlia sibraluli da TanagrZno-
ba da situaciaze amaRleba. Temuri, garkveulwilad, SeiZleba SevadaroT akaki wereT-
lis `gamzrdelis~ personaJ baTus. baTum, Temuris msgavsad, fiqrisa da Sinagani brZo-
lis Semdeg moaxerxa, rom daeZlia SurisZiebis survili.
teqstSi avtori saubrobs araerT moralur-eTikur problemaze. is exeba SurisZie-
bis grZnobas, danaSaulis patiebas, gaWirvebulis daxmarebas, Tumca mTavari saTqmeli
erTia: SurisZiebis grZnobis daZleva abednierebs adamians. `raRac didi, mZime, autan-
lad mZime davtove wuxel abibos oTaxSi~ _ ambobs Temuri. swored SurisZiebis survi-
lia is tvirTi, romelic nebismieri adamianis suls amZimebs, boWavs da ar aZlevs sa-
Sualebas iyos bednieri. Cven monakveTis bolos vxedavT absoluturad gansxvavebul
Temurs: `raRac saocrad sufTam, gamWvirvalem, msubuqma da Tbilma amivso sxeuli~.
Temuris keTilSobileba ara marto mas abednierebs, aramed abibozec moqmedebs. abibo,
romelmac warsulSi daasmina Temuris megobari, axla madlieria, rac gvaZlevs safuZ-
vels vifiqroT, rom igi Seicvleba. teqstSi vkiTxulobT: `Cemi xeli daiWira da kocna
dauwyo~. es pasaJi migviTiTebs, rom abibo xedavs da acnobierebs Temuris keTilSobi-
lebas.
nodar dumbaZe mTavari saTqmelis realizebisaTvis araerT mxatvrul saSualebas
iyenebs. amiT is aRwers personaJebs, maT grZnobebs da aRZravs sxvadasxva emocias Cven-
Si, mkiTxvelSi. pirvel abzacSi, imisaTvis, rom Cven naTlad davinaxoT, Tu rogori
gulnatkeni da imedgacruebulia Temuri abibos saqcieliT, mwerali xatovan Tqmebs
iyenebs: `sulSi CamafurTxa, miwasTan gamaswora...~ avtori uxvad iyenebs metaforebs,
raTa Temuris siZulviliT aRsavse, daundobeli damokidebuleba gvanaxos: `me wyaro
var axla misTvis...~, `Cemi xma RmerTis wyaloba iqneba...~, `me var macocxlebeli haeri~.
es yvelaferi erTad saTanado emociebs aRZravs mkiTxvelSi.
monakveTSi gvxvdeba dialogebi, rogorc Temursa da abibos, ise Temursa da eqimebs
Soris. am dialogebiT Cven vecnobiT Temuris mxatvrul saxesa da abibos mdgomareo-
bas. abibos mdgomareobis dasaxatad mwerali epiTetebsac iyenebs: `sikvdilisgan SeSi-
nebuli~, `muStisxelad qceuli~, `motexili~ _ am sityvebiT `amkobs~ dumbaZe abibos da
gviCvenebs mis mZime fizikur mdgomareobas.
mwerali monakveTSi kidev erTxel iyenebs metaforas. amjerad is emsaxureba Temu-
ris Secvlili damokidebulebis gamoxatvas abibos mimarT: `Cems win iwva araferi, qva,
xe, Tu kunZi...~
teqsti rom mdidaria mxatvruli saSualebebiT, bolo abzacSic Cans. aq avtori epi-
Tetebs iyenebs da amis saSualebiT gvaCvenebs, Tu ra mZime tvirTia SurisZieba: `didi,
mZime, autanlad mZime davtove...~, `gamWvirvale, msubuqma da Tbilma amivso sxeuli~ _
es epiTetebi Temuris bednierebas aRwers, rasac is adarebs `bangiT Trobas~.
mocemulma mxatvrulma saSualebebma teqsti gaamdidra da misi mTavari saTqmeli
mkiTxvelis gulamde miitana.
`lara~
(ix. davaleba #13)
`erTxel Cemkenac gamoixeda, Cveni Tvalebi erTmaneTs Sexvdnen. oo, TvalebSi mainc
sindiyis simZime da sicive edga~, _ mTxrobelis SeSfoTeba warmoaCens laras mamis
deformirebul, mZime suls. garSemomyofebis gancdaTa fonze Riavdeba, iSleba kacis
zogadi fsiqotipi garkveuli warsuliT, fiqrebiT, miznebiT. mis yovel gamoCenas Tan
sdevs gaucnobierebeli SiSi, SeZrwuneba. gankacebuli boroteba dauZlurebulia, Tum-
ca kvlav ibrZvis aRsazeveblad. totalitaruli reJimis monstris garegnoba misi sam-
Svinvelis, fsiqikis identuria. Tvalebi ireklavs dafarul Sinagan `mes~: `me ar mina-
xavs, rogora aqvT gadmokarkluli Tvalebi CamoxrCobilebs... magram im dRis Semdeg
sul ase mgonia, aseTi saSineli Tvalebi arc erT damxrCvals ar eqneba~.
personaJis sulier moZraobas, moqmedebis dinamikas sabWoTa socialisturi siste-
misTvis damaxasiaTebeli fanatizmi, avadmyofuri erTguleba ganapirobebs. umaduri
`viRac didi ufrosisTvis~ ugulebelyofs laras Tavdadebas, sakuTar `sisxlsa da
94
xorcs~ abezRebs, gaurkveveli momavlisTvis imetebs. kacis mxatvruli saxe emsgavseba
jorj oruelis romanSi _ `1984~ _ aRweril `sabWosebr adamianTa~ fsiqologiur
portretebs. socializmis zombebi `siyvarulis saministroSi~ abezReben axloblebs,
naTesavebs, nacnobebs. revaz inaniSvili swored amgvari `reJimis zombebze~, fitulze
gviambobs.
epizodis Tema mxatvruli xerxebiTaa realizebuli. fsevdogmiris sulieri port-
retis Seqmnisas mniSvnelovania epiTetebi: `gadmokarkluli~, `davrdomili~, `distro-
firebuli~... garemos suraTis ukeT aRsaqmelad hiperbolizebulia idiomi: `SemaSfo-
Tebeli siCume da uZraoba daawva Cvens sadarbazos~. mizanTropis pirovnuli `me~ `li-
teraturuli amocanebiT~ _ metaforebiTaa aRwerili: `TvalebSi mainc sindiyis simZime
da sicive edga~, `saSineli hqonda piric, deformirebuli Savi Rru~. teqstis mxatv-
rul efeqts aZlierebs frazeologizmi: `mware Rimili gaukrTa bageze~. sasven niSan-
Ta, konkretulad ki mZimeTa, simravle Txrobas gradaciulobas, dinamikas matebs.
personaJTa emociis, ganwyobis aRsaqmelad umniSvnelovanesia Sorisdebulebi _ `oo,
TvalebSi mainc...~ mwerali saTqmels pirvel pirSi gadmogvcems. SesamCnevia revaz
inaniSvilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli eqspresiuloba.
epizodis moralur-eTikuri problema XX saukunisTvis kargad nacnob zneobriv
gadagvarebas, degradirebas ukavSirdeba. vgmob ra laras mamis tips, sabWoTa kavSirSi
formirebul `CamSvebTa~ instituts, Cemi apaTia, siZulvili emsgavseba mwerliseul
protests. kaci moraluri gaxrwnis, dakninebis `sayovelTao~ magaliTia: `jibeSi edo
mxolod sam furcelze dawerili da oTxad gakecili werili~, _ umTavresi iaraRi
Svilisa da SviliSvilis gasanadgureblad.
mama-Svilis Tvisobrivi kontrastis fonze ibadeba revaz inaniSvilis mTavari saTq-
meli _ didbunebovani adamianebi iobis moTminebiT itanen miyenebul tkivils, cxovre-
biseul gansacdels. laras saxiT mwerali Tavdadebis, moTminebis apologias qmnis: `la-
ra aravisTan gaCerebula, aravisTvis SeuCivlia, rogorc viciT xolme...~ qalis Sinagani
xati msgavsia oTar WilaZis romanis _ `yovelman Cemman mpovnelman~ _ gmirisa: ana yve-
las sWirdeboda, rogorc monasters monazoni... Tumca, rogorc laras, arc mas ufa-
sebdnen Tavdadebas, gacemul energias. mamisTvis Tavganwiruli laras fatumi ubra-
lod ase SeiZleba davaxasiaToT: `yovelman Cemman mpovnelman momklas me!..~
`lara~
(ix. davaleba #13)
95
maxsendeba `Cakluli sulis~ mTavari gmiri, bolSevikebiT daSinebuli, megobars rom
gascems. aseve `1984~, romlis mTavar personaJs `siyvarulis saministrom~ ver aswavla
2+2=5, koleqtiurma azrma orive gmiri mainc ver dajabna, gansxvavebiT laras mamisgan,
romelic susti aRmoCnda da sakuTari goneba nebayoflobiT dauTmo tiranebs samar-
Tavad.
avtori teqstis mTavari saTqmelis gadmosacemad sxvadasxva mxatvrul-gamomsaxve-
lobiT saSualebas iyenebs. magaliTad, napatimrali moxucis fizikur mdgomareobas
aRwers epiTetebiT: `daSlili~, `areul-dareuli~, `gaararavebuli~. mamis `RalatiT~
damwuxrebul laraze ambobs: `mqrqali mware Rimili gaukrTa bageze~, kacis dabrune-
biT gamowveul mdgomareobas aRwers metaforiT: `SemaSfoTebeli siCume da uZraoba
daawva Cvens sadarbazos~, moxucis Tvalebs isev metaforiT aRwers: `TvalebSi mainc
sindiyis simZime da sicive edga~. avtoris Txrobis stili ar aris rTuli, igi dinami-
kuri da eqspresiulia, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca fostasTan moxucis waqcevis epi-
zods aRwers. am mxatvruli TaviseburebebiT teqstis ZiriTadi saTqmeli ufro cxa-
dia, emociac, romelic mkiTxvels wakiTxvisas eufleba, gamZafrebulia.
maxsendeba federiko felinis filmi `amarkordi~. erT epizodSi musolinis Tavi
amoizrdeba miwidan, am dros adamianebi SiSnarevi TvalebiT iyurebian, paralelurad,
jariskacebi gauTaveblad moZraoben maT irgvliv. es magaliTi tiranuli reJimis
zegavlenas asaxavs adamianebze, romlebic SiSma usaxur marionetebad aqcia. me laras
mamasac aseT marionetad moviazreb, romelsac SiSma ojaxis gayidva aiZula.
`moralur gaxrwnad~ me sulac ar aRviqvam ucxouri radiosadguris mosmenas.
`rkinis farda~, romelic Tavis droze Camoefara Tavisufal samyarosa da sadamsje-
lo sistemas _ ssrk-s Soris, bevrisTvis Tavisuflebis SemzRudveli ar aRmoCnda.
CemSi moxuci saocar sibraluls iwvevs imitom, rom ver SeZlo winaaRmdegoba gae-
wia im ZalisTvis, romelmac gonebaSi uazro, Zaladobrivi sistemis erTguleba STa-
unerga. sabWoTa fanatizmiT Sepyrobili moxuci uZluri aRmoCnda. me vfiqrob, rom
yvela adamianisgan ver moviTxovT erTgulebas, zogi amisTvis mzad ar aris. arc is
mikvirs, adamianma Svilis dasmena rom ganizraxa. totalitaruli reJimebis `monapova-
ria~ e. w. CamSvebi adamianebis gamowrToba. vfiqrob, yoveli Zaladobrivi sistema Ta-
vis sakireSi xarSavs moxucisnair adamianebs.
`lara~
(ix. davaleba #13)
96
resiulia, daZabuli, saintereso, romelic gadmocemulia larasa da Julienis mezob-
lis mier.
Cemi azriT, teqstSi wamoWrili problema metad mZimea da ar aris gaTvlili mxo-
lod erT ojaxze. vfiqrob, rom amiT mwerali gviCvenebs sistemis uaryofiT mxares,
romlisTvisac ucxoa zneobrivi idealebi. Caketil garemoSi awrTobdnen adamianebs,
romlebsac ar SeswevdaT siyvarulis unari. paraleli SegviZlia gavavloT moTxro-
basTan `Cakluli suli~, sadac ioseb stalini xasiaTdeba adamianad, romelsac ar
hqonda organo siyvarulisTvis. swored amaSia mTeli sakacobrio problema. sistemaSi
momwyvdeuli adamianebis azrovneba metad gansxvavebulia, maTi azrovnebis areali ar
scildeba am Caketilobas da, albaT, amitomacaa maTTvis aseTi prioritetuli uazro
erTguleba da fanatizmi, romelmac SeiZleba daCrdilos iseTi adamianuri grZnoba,
rogoric, magaliTad, ojaxuri siyvarulia.
yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, Cemi damokidebuleba teqstSi wamoWrili
problemis mimarT calsaxaa da vTvli, rom sistemam SeiZleba warmoSvas wesrigi, mag-
ram anadgurebs yvelafer imas, rac cxovrebaSi lamazi da misaRebia. mis mier gamowr-
Tobili adamiani uazrod morCili da dabeCavebuli xdeba, aseTi pirovneba ki laras
mamaa, romelic CemTvis miuRebeli adamiania.
`lara~
(ix. davaleba #13)
97
mizans da mkiTxvelze did STabeWdilebas axdens (`gadmokarkluli Tvalebi~, `SemaS-
foTebeli siCume~, `mqrqali, mware Rimili~ da a. S.). arc Sedarebebis naklebobas gan-
vicdiT, es TiToeuli niuansis ukeT danaxvaSi gvexmareba (`Julieni... kargi momvleli-
viT dastrialebda~), metaforiT ki saocari sicxadiT aris warmodgenili laras mamis
namdvili saxe (`TvalebSi mainc sindiyis simZime da sicive edga~).
mwerlis Txrobis stili dinamikuria. gafacicebiT vadevnebT Tvals personaJebis
qmedebebs, avtori, am SemTxvevaSi, xom personaJicaa. mis kvaldakval vxdebiT TiToeu-
li movlenis mowme. es gansakuTrebul mravalferovnebas sZens teqsts da mkiTxve-
lsac meti emociiT avsebs.
me, piradad, guli mwydeba larasa da Julienis gamo. maTi Tavganwirva uangaroa,
siyvaruli _ wminda, magram cxovrebaa sastiki da isinic reJimis msxverplni arian.
totalitarizmi spobs adamianTa fsiqikas da, laras mamasaviT, xalxs sakuTar `mes~
akargvinebs, jojoxeTis qurumebad aqcevs. maT `hmarTebT~ dabezReba, Suri, ciliswame-
ba, sakuTar sisxlsa da xorcsac aRar indoben.
CemTvis miuRebelia yovelgvari Zaladoba, yovelgvari gaxrwna adamianis sulisa da
gonebisa. sabolood ra moaqvs amas? `an sikvdili an gamarjveba~! Tu mokvdi, ese igi
represiebs Seewire da ai, Tu gaimarjve, zixar sadme baRSi da berlioziviT (mixeil
bulgakovi, `ostati da margarita~) vinme `uvics~ umtkiceb, rom qriste arc yofila
da pilate xom monaWoria. sinamdvileSi, albaT, gasagebia risi Tqmac msurs: yovelg-
vari reJimi, romelic adamians `ciT monaber suls~ akargvinebs da `gaararavebul beri-
kacad~ aqcevs, dasagmobia da ara mxolod erTi pirovnebis, aramed mTeli kacobrio-
bis mier.
`antonio da daviTi~
(ix. davaleba #14)
98
saTqmeli ki, anu is problema, romelsac avtori wamoWris, Zalian mniSvnelovani
da sainteresoa. es aris sikvdilis SiSis problema. sikvdili bunebis nawilia, mas
veravin gaeqceva, misi SiSi ki yvelas Tan dahyveba. Tumca, Cemi azriT, arseboben
iseTi adamianebic, romlebic sakuTari sicocxliT anda sikvdiliT axerxeben, dasZli-
on bunebis es saSineli kanonzomiereba, daamarcxon igi. swored aseT gansakuTre-
bul adamianebs aRwers jemal qarCxaZe Tavis moTxrobaSi. Tumca, avtori kidev ufro
Sors midis. is yvelanairi borotebis saTaved am SiSs miiCnevs, mis daZlevas ki _ si-
keTis winapirobad. amaSi me mas mxolod nawilobriv veTanxmebi. viziareb mis azrs,
rom borotebas SiSi Sobs. magram mxolod misi daZleva rom iyos sikeTis gza, Zalian
bevri boroti adamiani iarsebebda, radgan, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, SiSis daZleva
gansakuTrebul nebisyofas moiTxovs. me vfiqrob, mTavaria adamiani Cawvdes borote-
bis mizezs da daupirispirdes mas, magram sikvdilis SiSis daZleva mxolod erTe-
ulTa xvedria, romelTac Cven gmirebs vuwodebT.
`samoseli pirveli~
(ix. davaleba #15)
99
`soxumSi dabruneba~
(ix. davaleba #16)
100