Section 1

Listening Comprehension 1
.r\ this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demnstrate your ability to understand
zonversations and talks in English. There are three parts to this section, with special directions for
each part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers in this
test. Do not take notes or write in your test book at any time. Do not turn the pages until you are
told to do so.

Part A
Directions: In Part A, you will hear short conversations between two people. After each
conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions
will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book
and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in
the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Here is an example. Sample Answer

On the recording, you hear:

In your test book, you read: (A) At last winter is almost over.
(B) She doesn't like winter weather
very much.
(C) This winter's weather is similar
to last winter's weather.
(D) Winter won't last as long this
year as it did last year.
You learn from the conversation that the woman thinks the weather this winter is almost the same
as the weather last winter. The best answer to the question "What does the woman mean?" is (C),
"This winter's weather is similar to last winter's weather." Therefore, the correct choice is (C).
1. (A) She doesn't understand the 9. (A) Gas station attendant.
instructions. (B) Housekeeper.
(B) She lost the instructions she was (C) Bankteller.
reading. (D) Flight attendant.
(C) She doesn't want to follow the
directions. 10. (A) Ask someone to help him with his
(D) She thinks she and her friend are lost. computen
(B) Read the instructions for setting up his
2. (A) He will complete his paper this month. computer.
(B) The mine has been closed for a month. (C) Try to take his computer apart by
(C) It is taking him a long time to write himself.
his paper. (D) Use his computer to help him set up
(D) He can help the woman in a his math project.
little while.
11. (A) She's trying to tie the bow.
3. (A) Ashtrays aren't allowed here. (B) She will cali the man as soon as
(B) There aren't any cigarettes here. possible.
(C) She can't see very well. (C) She is talking on the phone.
(D) Smoking probably isn't permitted (D) She hasn't gone home yet.
here.
12. (A) The woman didn't want to deliver the
4. (A) She'll take her work with her on invita tion.
vacation. (B) The woman would be gone on
(B) She and the man will have a good time Saturday.
on vacation. (C) The woman would take the man
(C) She won't have time for a vacation. to dinner.
(D) She thinks she can finish her work (D) He needed to take the invitation to
on time. the woman.
5. (A) He'd like a larger piece this time. 13. (A) Susan only has three glasses.
(B) He doesn't want any more. (B) Susan knows about her third class.
(C) His first piece was too large. (C) He missed a class because of Susan.
(D) He'd like some more in a little while. (D) Susan didn't attend one class.
6. (A) She thinks he might be late to work. 14. (A) She'd like the man to pour her a glass
(B) His income isn't high enough. of water.
(C) She isn't sure he'll come to work today. (B) It stopped raining three days ago.
(D) She'd like to talk to him, too. (C) It probably won't rain again for a
few days.
7. (A) She has never seen such a long (D) The garden doesn't need any
concert. more water.
(B) She enjoyed the concert very much.
(C) She'll take the man along. 15. (A) He's looking forward to working
(D) She didn't like the last song. with Fred.
(B) They need to handle the photographs
8. (A) It is not a bad idea to telephone carefully.
the college. (C) Fred should be treated like a
(B) She will cali the college for the man. professional.
(C) Her eyes hurt, so she cannot see (D) Their project will be the best.
very well.
(D) She will give the man's application to
her colleagues.
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 TI m
16. (A) She has to give a test tomorrow
morning.
(B) She can't take her test first thing in
the morning.
(C) She won't be able to join them
for dinner.
(D) She intends to join them tonight
after dinner.
17. (A) She was only in the hospital for a
short time.
(B) She will leave for the hospital soon.
(C) She was ill for quite some time.
(D) He will finally nave time to visit her in
the hospital tomorrow.
18. (A) She wasn't as qualified as the other
applicants.
(B) She didn't really want to get the job.
(C) She wasn't very friendly to the other
applicants.
(D) No one could measure the valu of her
past experience.
19. (A) Buy her mother a different gift.
(B) See what her mother wants first.
(C) Make her mother's package look more
like a gift.
(D) Find something else that her mother
would like.
20. (A) The woman can have as much time
as she needs.
(B) He doesn't have any time to talk.
(C) He wants to see the woman on Friday.
(D) He may not be able to extend
the deadline.
21. (A) Borrow Susan's car to go to the airport.
(B) Ask Susan if she will take him to
the airport.
(C) Write Susan a check for her car.
(D) Find out if Susan will be at the airport.
22. (A) She might have to postpone the start
of her vacation.
(B) She is glad that the meeting will take
place while she is gone.
(C) She will reschedule the meeting for the
end of this week.
(D) She heard that the man couldn't come
to the meeting.
I
23. (A) Any place but the library is good
for him.
(B) He doesn't mind meeting at the library.
(C) He can't think of a good place to meet.
(D) He isn't sure where the woman wants
to meet.
24. (A) He will be checking out several
references.
(B) He is looking for a job.
(C) He was hired without references.
(D) He has just begun his new position.
25. (A) Go out for some soup.
(B) Buy her a soda.
(C) Take back his soda.
(D) Turn down her offer.
26. (A) He hasn't had a good meal in a
long time.
(B) The woman should avoid eating in
restaurants.
(C) The woman doesn't care for spicy food.
(D) He will help the woman prepare dinner.
27. (A) The glue Greg lent him is not sticking.
(B) Greg needs to fix the fence at his house.
(C) Greg doesn't do any socializing.
(D) He hasn't been able to reach Greg
by phone.
28. (A) She couldn't hear the professor's lecture.
(B) She doesn't agree with what the
professor said.
(C) She couldn't see over the professor's
head.
(D) She didn't understand the professor.
29. (A) He couldn't see the ski trail in front
of him.
(B) He is going to look for something else
to do.
(C) He wanted to go skiing.
(D) HeTl reschedule his trip.
30. (A) Cali all of the guests one more time.
(B) Give the list of guests to the woman to
check over.
(C) Go over to Ben's house to check on the
preparations.
(D) Make sure all of Ben's friends have
been invited.
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Complete Practice Test One 341
 Part B
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation,
you will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best
answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.

342 Complete Practice Test One

 TI [
1. (A) The man told her.
(B) She received a cali.
(C) She read about it.
(D) She organized the meeting.
She likes to work hard.
She doesn't have a job and can afford
the time.
(C) She agrees that the Heart Association
is a worthy organization.
(D) She likes to dance.
She will sell rafile tickets.
She will ask her aunt to give a
big prize.
(C) She will go to Florida f or spring break.
(D) She will work f or the travel agency.
He'd like to enjoy some good weather.
He has always wanted to fly an
airplane.
(C) He will have time off after the
winter season.
(D) Dancing takes too much energy.
1
35. (A) She was taking a math test.
(B) She had to ful out a survey after
her class.
(C) She was questioning some of the ideas
presented in Professor Keene's
lecture.
(D) She was correcting quizzes for
Professor Keene.
36. (A) It has little effect on shaping a person's
outlook on life.
(B) In the early years, too many failures
may produce a pessimist.
(C) A pessimist usually doesn't take
advantage of life experiences.
(D) The environment is unusually cruel
to pessimists.
37. (A) Optimists use their consciences to
their advantage.
(B) Pessimists have a good relationship
with their consciences.
(C) The conscience plays a minor role in
shaping one's outlook.
(D) Pessimists follow the dictates of
conscience, even though they might
not want to.
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Complete Practice Test One 343
 1
PartC
Dl'rections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks. After each talk, you will hear
some questions. The talks and the questions will not be repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best
answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Here is an example.

On the recording, you hear:

Now listen to a sample question. Sample Answer

In your test book, you read: (A) Only bumblebees can fertilize red
clover plants.
(B) Bumblebees protect red clover from
plant-eating insects.
(C) Bumblebees bring water to red
clover plants on their tongues.
(D) Bumblebees keep mice and other
animis a way from red clover plants.
The best answer to the question "Why is it impossible to raise red clover where there are no
bumblebees?" is (A), "Only bumblebees can fertilize red clover plants." Therefore, the correct
choice is (A).

Now listen to another sample question. Sample Answer

In your test book, you read: (A) They both make honey.
(B) They both build combs.
(C) Both of them are found
in underground nests.
(D) They both live through the winter.
The best answer to the question "According to the speaker, in what way are the queen wasp and
the queen bee similar?" is (D), "They both live through the winter." Therefore, the correct choice
is (D).
Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.

344 Complete Practice Test One

 1 TI f
38. (A Inaschool. 44. (A) It seems cruel to take a bird so far from
(B) At the post office. its home.
(C) On an airplane. (B) It was a new experiment to fly a bird
(D) In a museum. on an airplane.
(C) The bird was able to find its way home
39. (A) He designed the first airplane to carry under seemingly impossible
a passenger. circumstances.
(B) His work provided valuable (D) The bird was able to fly from the north
information for inventors who carne to the south pole without getting lost.
after him.
(C) He was the first man to cross the 45. (A) Ocean geology.
Potomac River. (B) Biology.
(D) He put together an aeronautics (C) Psychology.
collection. (D) Geography.
40. (A) The Potomac River. 46. (A) Science and technology will eventually
(B) Several tems of historical significance. unlock all mysteries.
(C) A steam engine. (B) Some of nature's mysteries may be
(D) One of Langley's inventions. beyond our understanding.
(C) It is hard to believe that ocean birds
41. (A) Move into the next room. don't breed at sea.
(B) Buy a commemorative stamp. (D) All we need to do is wait; ocean birds
(C) Take a ride in the Aerodrome #5. will show us how they navigate.
(D) Try to crate a new model.
47. (A) Parents tend to want and love their
42. (A) They use landmarks to navigate. first-born children more than the
(B) They fly at higher altitudes. others.
(C) They are disoriented by large bodies (B) Parents know that their first-born
of water. children are likely to be brighter, so
(D) They don't spin, turn and wheel. they push them to succeed.
43. (A) They have a strong sense of smell and (C) Parents tend to treat children
can keep track of land. differently depending on whether
(B) They are guided by the Arctic and the they are first-, second-, or later-born
Antarctic. children.
(C) Their urge to breed leads them back (D) Parents run out of time and energy
to land. and neglect their later-born children.
(D) They use the stars and some innate
magnetic sense.

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Complete Practice Test One 345

 1
48. (A) Children's personalities are fixed by 50. (A) First-born children are under a lot of
birth order and nothing can be done pressure to compete successfully
about it. since they are so outnumbered.
(B) With sensitive parenting, parents can (B) First-born children have to dominate
take steps to reduce the effects of their younger siblings or else face
birth order. being overwhelmed by them.
(C) If parents continu to pay attention to (C) First-born children are brighter and
the middle child, he or she will be more capable; therefore, they
more flexible. don't have to worry about being
(D) Oldest children would be more outnumbered.
sociable if they were given more (D) In spite of this statistic, a large
independence. percentage of high achievers are
first-born children.
49. (A) Older and younger children tend to
fight with each other more often
than with the middle child.
(B) The middle child gets better quality
attention and more love from the
parents.
(C) Middle children are less dependent on
their parents' approval than the
oldest child but free from the
pressure of being the youngest.
(D) Middle children are brighter, more
capable, more serious-minded and
more flexible than their siblings.

This is the end of Section 1.

Stop work on Section 1.

(STOP| |^i

Do NOT read or work on any other section of the test.

The supervisor will tell you when to begin work on Section 2.

34,
 Section 2
Structure and
Written Expression
Time: 25 minutes

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for
standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions
for each type.

Structure
Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four
words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best
completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the
space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the
letter inside the oval cannot be seen.

Example I Sample Answer

Most American families ---------- at least one automobile.

(A) have
(B) in
(C) that
(D) has
The sentence should read, "Most American families have at least one automobile." Therefore, you
should choose (A).

Example II Sample Answer

---------- recent times, the discipline of biology has

expanded rapidly into a variety of subdisciplines.
(A) It is since
(B) When
(C) Since it is
(D) In
The sentence should read, "In recent times, the discipline of biology has expanded rapidly into a
variety of subdisciplines." Therefore, you should choose (D).
Now begin work on the questions.

Go on to the next page

Complete Practice Test One 347

 1. up to seven months. 7. According to some records, Cari Sandburg,
(A) Lasting New England winters , was expelled from West Point
(B) New England winters can last Military Academy because of deficiencies
(C) Because a New England winter can last in English.
(D) The length of a New England winter (A) he was a poet and literary genius
(B) his poetry and literary genius
2. discussion of group personality (C) poet and literary genius
would be complete without a consideration (D) whose poetry and literary genius
of national character.
(A) None 8. two and one half hours to climb to
(B) Not the top of the Empire State Building.
(C) No (A) Typically taking it
(D) Nothing (B) Typically takes it
(C) It typically takes
3. The Virginia strawberry, native to eastern (D) To take it typically
North America, was used in pre-colonial
times . 9. The common crow, one of the
(A) to flavor bread hardiest birds in existence, can live up to
(B) bread flavoring eighty years.
(C) flavored bread (A) is considered
(D) bread was flavored (B) considered it
(C) has been considered
4. There is evidence to suggest that, at certain (D) considered
times of the year, smog in the Arctic is
thicker anywhere else on earth. 10. High and low atmospheric pressure
(A) of smog systems are cause changing
(B) that smog weather patterns.
(C) smog (A) the
(D) than smog (B) whose
(C) which
5. Studs Turkel has used what he learned (D) what
to produce taped oral histories of
people and events. 11. a sizable geographic rea, it
A) when was he a radio talk show host constitutes a biome.
(B) he was a radio talk show host when (A) That a group of plants and animis
(C) when he was a radio talk show host occupies
(D) a radio talk show host when he was (B) A group of plants and animis
occupying
6. have a powerful influence on the (C) A group of plants and animis
shape of the entire magazine industry.
occupies
(A) That economic principies (D) When a group of plants and animis
(B) Why economic principies occupies
(C) Economic principies
(D) Economic principies that

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348 Comolete Practice Test One

12. Due primary to , the Oneida 14. Small microcomputers of today can process
Community broke up in 1880. their predecessors, which were
(A) interna! stresses twenty times their size.
(B) there were internal stresses (A) in the same arnount of information
(C) internal stresses of it (B) and have the same amount of
(D) it had internal stresses information
(C) the information is the same as
13. Starting in 1972, lightning fires in (D) the same amount of information as
Yellowstone National Park to take
their natural course unless they threatened 15. By declining to run for presidential
park facilities. reelection in 1808, Thomas Jefferson
(A) they allowed the two-term tradition still followed, with
(B) allowing but a few exceptions, to the present day.
(C) allow (A) to help establish
(D) were allowed (B) helped the establishment
(C) helped to establish
(D) in helping to establish

Written Expression
Directions: In questions 16-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four
underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined
word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer
sheet, find the number of the question and ful in the space that corresponds to the letter of the
answer you have chosen.

Example I Sample Answer

The octopus is a unique animal because they C"~) (T) ^fe OT)
A . B ~^
has three functioning hearts.
D

The sentence should read, "The octopus is a unique animal because it has three functioning
hearts." Therefore, you should choose (C).

Example II Sample Answer

The beagle, one of the most ancient breeds of
A B
dog known, originating in England.
C D

The sentence should read, "The beagle, one of the most ancient breeds of dog known, originated in
England." Therefore, you should choose (D).
Now begin work on the questions.

Go on to the next page

Complete Practice Test One 349

 16. Geothermal energy, for example the heat from actvate volcanoes and geysers, can be turned into
A B C D
electricity.

17. Serious research is currently being undertook to determine whether or not bee venom may help
A B C
protect humans from the discomfort of arthritis.
D

18. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is an university known for its programs in the sciences,
~A~ B
but it also offers students a well-rounded background in the humanities.
C D

19. The short wave lengths of ultraviolet light produce luminescence in the crystalize of some minerals.
A ~ B C D

20. One traditional American quilting style makes use of a patterns of interlocking circles to signify the
A B C D
unin of two people in marriage.

21. Although they ha ve found out a great deal about its atmosphere, scientists still know very little
A B ~~C~
around variations in the moon's gravitational field.
D

22. For the presdent of the United States, wisely chooses cabinet members shortly after election day is
A B C"
crucial to a successful term in office.
D

23. In general, banks are heavily regulated than are brokerage houses and other financial institutions.
A B C D

24. The benefits to be ganing from daily exercise and proper diet are indisputable.
A B ~C D

25. Small, privately owned ranches become less and less common during the past decade.
A B C D

26. Gaste is a special form of social class in which membership has determined by birth and fixed
A" B C ~D
for Ufe.

27. In recent years, steps have been taken to guarantee equality job opportunities to the handicapped
:
A B C D
and to minorities.

28. The agricultural sector in the United States, with over two million farms, have a highly competive
T B C D
economic structure.

29. Most college-age students today are interested in finding universities in which can pursue both
~ ~ A B C D
academic and athletic extra-curricular activities.

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350 Complete Practice Test One

 . Nationality known Black activist LeRoi Jones has also achieved recognition for his powerful
A B C
separatist poetry.
D
. The sulfur compounds produced when an onion is sliced are too strong that they cause
A B ~
burning and watering of the eyes.
D
!. Broccoli and cauliflower taste and smell much like cabbage, from which it was developed.
A B C D

>. The chlorophyll in leaves is a complex organically molecule capable of converting certain
A B C
wavelengths of light into chemical energy.
~D~
. Water and petroleum are the only two liquids what occur in large quantities in nature.
~~A~ B C TJ
5. Some large birds, such as the ostrich and the cassowary, is too large and heavy to fly.
A B Cf D

6. The fastest of all game fish is the sailfish, that which can travel at speeds of up to seventy
A B C
miles per hour.
D

7. It believed is that the galaxies of the universe are receding at nearly half the speed of light.
A B C D

8. If the personal computer had not been invented, will the information age have arrived by
A" ~B~ C
other means?
D
9. Artificial intelligence is the simulation of intelligent human behaviors, such problem solving,
A B C
natural language communication, and creativity.
D
K). The gypsy moth was originally introduced into the northeastern part of the United States by a
A
French scientific who hoped to use it to develop a new strain of silk.
B C D

This is the end of Section 2.

If you finish before time is called, check your work on Section 2 only.

|STOP| [STOP) ISTOPJ ISTOPl ISTOPI

The supervisor will tell you when to begin work on Section 3.

Complete Practice Test One 351

 Section 3
Reading Comprehension
Time: 55 minutes

Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several
questions about it. For questions 1-50, you are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D),
to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space
that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Read the following passage:
The flamingo is a beautiful water bird with long legs and a curving neck like a
swan's. Most flamingos have deep red or flame-colored feathers with black
quills. Some have pink or white feathers. The long legs and webbed feet are well
Line suited for wading. The flamingo eats in a peculiar manner. It plunges its head
(5) underwater and sifts the mud with a fine hairlike "comb" along the edge of its
bent bil. In this way, it strains out small shellfish and other animis. The bird
nests on a mound of mud with a hollow on top to hold its single egg. Flamingos
are timid and often live together in large colonies. The birds once lived in the
southern United States, but plume hunters killed them faster than they could
(10) breed, and the flamingo no longer lives wild in the United States.
Example I Sample Answer
The flamingo can eat shellfish and other (& ^* ) >
animis because of its
(A) curved neck
(B) especially formed bil
(C) long legs
(D) brightly colored feathers
According to the passage, the flamingo sifts mud for food with "a fine hairlike 'comb' along the
edge of its bent bil." Therefore, you should choose (B).
Example II Sample Answer
< >(
In Une 6, the phrase "strains out" is closest ^ ^-) ^* (^>
in meaning to
(A) propels
(B) exerts pressure on
(C) separates
(D) rejects
The phrase "strains out" is closest in meaning to "separates." Therefore, you should choose (C).
Now begin work on the questions.

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352 Complete Practice Test One

Questions 1-11
By the mid-nineteenth century, in addition to its natural resources, the United
States had accumulated enough capital in the form of factories to productively
employ a large amount of labor, or human resources. A nation that still consisted
Line largely of independen! farmers could not provide an adequate labor supply for
(5) heavy industrialization. But millions of new workers carne to the United States
from abroad.
As we are all aware, not all these workers arrived voluntarily. Slaves were
brought from frica to the South; they were put to work on plantations to extract
mximum harvests from the cotton fields. But in the North, the machines that
(10) turned that cotton into textiles were worked by massive waves of immigrants
who carne willingly from one part of Europe after another. This vastly expanded
pool of labor allowed for large leaps in our nacional output.
A nation cannot grow forever by finding more natural resources and attracting
more workers; thus, a country's extensive growth will eventually slow. But
(15) intensive growth gradually appears as better use is made of the labor forc. In
the United States in the mid-nineteenth century many of the newly arrived
immigrants were unskilled and illiterate, but the educacin policy of their new
land meant that their children all received an education, and many were trained
in a skill. If a society gives workers more knowledge, they will be able to use
(20) machines in a more complex way and to follow more complex instructions,
yielding manufactured goods of greater valu; this process is often known as
investing in human capital. In the late twentieth century, our physical capital is
so abundant and our natural resources so limited that we are beginning to
appreciate the importance of improving our human resources if we are to
(25) continu to grow.

1. This passage mainly discusses the national 3. We can infer from the passage (paragraph 2)
output in terms of that the South's contribucin to the growth
(A) the labor forc of industry in the mid-nineteenth century
(B) natural resources was mainly
(C) factories (A) raw materials
(D) immigration (B) skilled labor
(C) manufactured goods
2. According to the passage, where did the (D) industrial sites
necessary labor forc for the nation's new
industries come from? 4. The phrase "massive waves of immigrants"
(A) Unemployed farmers in line 10 of the passage means that
(B) Other countries (A) many immigrants carne by ship
(C) The North (B) immigrant families stayed together
(D) The South (C) groups of immigrants carne at
different times
(D) groups of immigrants were greeted
enthusiastically

The questions for this passage

continu on the next page.

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Complete Practice Test One 353

 The following questions are
based on the passage on page 353.
5. The phrase "This vastly expanded pool of
labor" in lines 11 and 12 refers to
(A) immigrant workers
(B) plantation owners
(C) independent farmers
(D) European investors
6. From the passage, which of the following
can be inferred about the United States in
the first half of the nineteenth century?
(A) It was producing large amounts of
manufactured goods.
(B) It was largely agricultural.
(C) It was fully industrialized.
(D) It was low in natural resources.
7. We can infer from the passage that intensive
growth of a nation's economy requires
(A) expansin of resources
(B) better use of the labor forc
(C) attracting unskilled labor
(D) limiting the human resources
8. The word "leaps" in line 12 is closest in
meaning to
(A) reports
(B) gains
(C) initiatives
(D) investments
354 Complete Practice Test One
9. According to the passage, what is the end
goal of an investment in human capital?
(A) Providing more valuable
manufactured goods
(B) Educating immigrant families
(C) Training in use of complex machines
(D) Developing literacy for all
10. We can infer from the passage (paragraph 3)
that in the mid-nineteenth century the
United States placed a high valu on
(A) European trade
(B) education
(C) agriculture
(D) development of natural resources
11. What device is the author using to present
the information in lines 19-22?
(A) anecdote
(B) cause and effect
(C) comparison
(D) restatement
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Questions 12-20
The log cabin, along with coonskin cap and Kentucky rifle, conjures up images
of rugged pioneer days. Simple one-room dwellings of logs, notched together at
the corners, were introduced to America around 1638 by Swedish settlers in
Line Delaware. Subsequently, Germn and Scotch Irish immigrants, as well as
(5) Russian explorers along the western coast and in Alaska, introduced their own
forms of log construction. During the great westward expansin that began in
the late 1700s, the log cabin was practically ubiquitous in timber-rich frontier
reas; it could be built with only the aid of an axe, and required no costly nails.
Intended to serve merely as way stations in the wilderness, cabins rarely became
(10) permanent homes. When families desired better housing with more amenities,
they either abandoned their cabins (often to be occupied by new transients),
incorporated them into larger dwellings, converted them into storage facilities,
or in the South, used them as slave quarters.
The myth of the log cabin as the sacrosanct birthplace of leaders, renowned for
(15) their honesty, humility, and other virtues, was inaugurated during the
presidential campaign of 1840, when William Henry Harrison was touted
throughout the country as a hard-cider-swigging bumpkin who lived in a log
cabin. His landslide victory over Martin Van Burn set a precedent for future
presidential aspirants, but only a few such as "Honest Abe" Lincoln had bona
(20) fide claims to humble origins.
In the present day, the log cabin appears on such memorabilia as coins and
postage stamps, and it is also the brand ame of a popular syrup. The cabin is
perpetuated architecturally in resorts, camps, inns, and restaurants along
byways and highways.

12. According to the passage, who first
introduced the log cabin structure in
America?
(A) Russians in Alaska
(B) Pioneers in Kentucky
(C) Swedes in Delaware
(D) Germans in the West
13. We can infer from the passage that the log
cabin originally
(A) was intended as a temporary home
(B) was comfortable and spacious
(C) was sold for large sums of money
(D) demonstrated the art of fine
woodworking
14. The author implies that during the
westward expansin the log cabin house
(A) diminished in popularity
(B) flourished
(C) became too costly
(D) required specialized tools
15. According to the passage, which of the
following did NOT happen when people
moved into more luxurious housing?
(A) The cabin was abandoned.
(B) The cabin was sold for a high price.
(C) The cabin became part of a new home.
(D) The cabin was used for storage.

The questions for this passage

continu on the next page.

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 The following questions are
based on the passage on page 355.

16. The word "amenities" in line 10 is closest in
meaning to
(A) conveniences
(B) space
(C) children
(D) storage
17. The "myth of the log cabin" (paragraph 2)
capitalizes on which of the following
features of the house form?
(A) Its simplicity
(B) Its size
(C) Its design
(D) Its landscaping
18. We can infer from the passage that after the
presidential election of 1840
(A) wealth and social position became a
positive campaign issue
(B) other presidential candidates
professed to have lived in log cabins
(C) election campaigns were more honest
(D) people voted for a candidate based on
his political party
19. Why does the author mention William
Henry Harrison in the passage?
(A) As an example of an honest man
(B) As an example of an underqualified
candidate
(C) To show how the log cabin myth
began
(D) To contrast his success with the defeat
of Martin Van Burn
20. The author of the passage suggests that the
log cabin house form has been
(A) forgotten
(B) romanticized
(C) disparaged
(D) simplified

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356 Complete Practice Test One

Questions 21-31
During the early twentieth century, there was a core of radical American
artists who devoted themselves to exploring the potentials of modernism. Chief
among them was Georgia O'Keeffe, the most famous woman artist of our time,
Line who is best known for her dramatic paintings of gigantic flowers and sun-
(5) bleached desert bones.
A native of Wisconsin, O'Keeffe studied there, in Virginia, at the Art Institute
of Chicago, and New York's Art Students' League, and then earned her living as
a public-school art teacher in Virginia and Texas. In 1915, at the age of twenty-
eight, O'Keeffe arranged around her room all the art that she had produced so
(10) far, to evalate it. Condemning each work as derivative, she destroyed them all,
embarking on an entirely new series that she hoped would reflect only herself.
The next year O'Keeffe sent some of her new workremarkably spare, totally
abstract charcoal drawingsto Anita Pollitzer, a friend living in New York.
Pollitzer, impressed with the work, took the drawings to Alfred Stieglitz, the
(15) noted photographer, editor, dealer, and one of America's foremost promoters of
modernist art. Stieglitz was also impressed; he became O'Keeffe's dealer, and
later her husband. With Stieglitz's support and the help of positive reviews and
significant sales, O'Keeffe was able to devote herself to painting: New York City
scenes at night, at a time when the skyscrapers were brand-new; rural
(20) landscapes seen during summers at Lake George in upstate New York; and,
finally, the blossoms and bones for which she became famous.
By 1916 O'Keeffe was producing totally abstract drawings and water colors,
many based on a series of simple lines and curved shapes. But she is known to
far more viewers for her close-ups of flowers: red poppies, black irises, green
(25) orchids, pink-spotted lilies. Many theories have been advanced about the
underlying meanings of these pictures. Much has been made of the "female
qualities" of her blossoms; O'Keeffe, however, always denied that there was any
symbolism, sexual or otherwise, in her flower paintings. She claimed that their
size was inspired by the skyscrapers being built all over New York and that
(30) what really interested her in a subject was not the flower, or the skulls, or the
mountain, but the colors and shapes she saw as she looked at them.

21. The word "core" in line 1 is closest in 23. According to the passage, O'Keeffe is best
meaning to known for her paintings of
(A) class (A) objects
(B) neighborhood (B) deserts
(C) structure (C) women
(D) nucleus (D) night scenes
22. According to the passage, what type of
painter was Georgia O'Keeffe?
(A) A portraitist
(B) A miniaturist
(C) A modernist
(D) An expressionist
The questions for this passage
continu on the next page.
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Complete Practice Test One 357

 The following questions are
based on the passage on page 357.
24. According to the passage, why did O'Keeffe
destroy her work in 1915?
(A) She needed more space in her room.
(B) She was unhappy with the mdium in
which she had been working.
(C) She wanted to produce larger
paintings.
(D) She felt that her work up to this point
was not original.
25. Why does the author cite Anita Pollitzer in
the passage?
(A) She was a noted art dealer.
(B) She introduced O'Keeffe's work to
Stieglitz.
(C) She was a patrn of O'Keeffe.
(D) She was an acquaintance of O'Keeffe.
26. In line 12, the word "spare" is closest in
meaning to
(A) excessive
(B) liberated
(C) simple
(D) modern
27. We can infer from the passage that
O'Keeffe's new work prometed by Stieglitz
(A) was well-received by the public
(B) went relatively unnoticed
(C) was criticized as too modern
(D) dealt only with the subject of flowers
358 Complete Practice Test One
28. The phrase "devore herself to painting" in
line 18 means that O'Keeffe
(A) took lessons to improve her technique
(B) took new interest in her painting
(C) spent all of her time painting
(D) marketed her paintings more
vigorously
29. According to the passage, O'Keeffe felt that
her paintings of flowers had been
influenced by all of the following EXCEPT
(A) female qualities
(B) the size of the New York skyscrapers
(C) colors
(D) shapes
30. The word "their" in line 28 refers to
(A) the flower, the skulls, and the mountain
(B) the colors and shapes
(C) the skyscrapers
(D) her flower paintings
31. What is the author's attitude toward
modernist painting in the passage?
(A) Very enthusiastic
(B) Neutral
(C) Critical
(D) Somewhat negative
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Questions 32-42
Decades of observation combined with the revelations of nuclear theory have
allowed modern astronomers to make out the simple scheme underlying the
stellar universe. Each kind of starand there are hundreds of typesrepresents
Line a temporary phase in a standard life cycle. With a few adjustments, this cycle
(5) applies to every star known. All stars, for example, begin as protostars,
concentrations of luminous gas found within far larger and more diffuse clouds
of dust and gas. Collapsing inward under its own gravity, a protestar heats and
compresses its core until hydrogen-fusion reactions ignite. At this point, the star
is considered to be on the main sequence, a reference to the observed
(10) concentration of most stars on a diagonal track, or sequence, within the diagram
of stellar properties. Many stars remain on the main sequence for billions of
years. But for each, there comes a time when its hydrogen supply runs out,
causing the star to undergo further evolution.
A star's mass controls the onset of this crisis. Low-mass stars, for example,
(15) have correspondingly low gravity, which allows them to fuse hydrogen very
slowly and stay on the main sequence almost indefinitely; high-mass stars have
such high gravity, and thus such rapid reactions, that they consume their own
much greater hydrogen stocks within a few tens of millions of years. After the
hydrogen is gone, mass dictates how each star changes. The smallest simply
(20) consume the dregs of their fuel and wink out. Mid-size stars like the Sun go
through a bewildering variety of changes, including a high-energy helium flash,
before turning to white dwarfs. The most massive stars rush through an intricate
series of fusin reactions before suffering a final spectacular collapse. The twists
and turns of stellar development are chronicled by astronomers as they study the
(25) life-span of the stars.

32. What does this passage mainly discuss? 34. According to the passage, protostars are
(A) The size of stars (A) larger than most stars
(B) The charting of characteristics of stars (B) the most important stars in the galaxy
(C) Protostars (C) the initial stage of a star's cycle
(D) The life cycle of stars (D) clouds of dust and gas
33. The word "stellar" in Une 3 is closest in 35. The word "diffuse" in line 6 is closest in
meaning to meaning to
(A) complete (A) not concentrated
(B) star-filled (B) colorful
(C) outstanding (C) low-lying
(D) large (D) different

The questions for this passage

continu on the next page.

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Complete Practice Test One 359

 The following questions are
based on the passage on page 359.
36. At what point is a star considered to be on
the main sequence?
(A) When it reaches a certain size
(B) After the hydrogen-fusion ignition
(C) When scientists can see it
(D) When the dust has settled
37. We can infer from the passage that further
evolution of a star occurs
(A) after a billion years
(B) when it reaches a certain mass
(C) when its hydrogen supply is depleted
(D) when it comes to the end of its track
38. The word "consume" in line 17 is closest in
meaning to
(A) make
(B) use up
(C) radate
(D) waste
39. Which of the following factors determines
how stars change when they nave used up
their supply of hydrogen?
(A) Heat
(B) Mass
(C) Weight
(D) Age
360 Complete Practice Test One
40. According to the passage, which type of
star would you expect to last the longest on
the main sequence?
(A) Low-mass stars
(B) High-mass stars
(C) Mid-size stars
(D) Protostars
41. The Sun is expected to exhibit all the
characteristics EXCEPT
(A) to be a mid-size star
(B) to experience a helium-flash
(C) to wink out
(D) to become a white-dwarf star
42. The passage supports all of the following
statements EXCEPT
(A) All stars follow a similar life cycle.
(B) Hydrogen is an essential element in
determining the life cycle of a star.
(C) High-mass stars have correspondingly
high gravity.
(D) The Sun is considered to be one of the
most massive stars.
Go on to the next page
Questions 43-50
People have been playing with marbles for thousands of years. The first
marbles were probably either river stones that happened to be naturally round
enough to roll or, more likely, rounded globs of clay that were baked for
Line hardness. Such very od clay marbles have been found in both Greek and Romn
(5) ruins, and quartzite spheres have been dated at around 6000 B.C.
Harder and more durable marbles tend to inspire different kinds of games
than soft clay marbles, which crack very easily. So with the advent of hand-
rounded and polished marbles made of agate or some other rugged, igneous
rock, the "golden age" of marbles and marble play flowered.
(10) Stone marbles began to appear in the early 1800s in what is now the southern
part of Germany. Shortly after, handmade glass marbles appeared in the same
part of Europe. For the next 120 years, marbles and marble playingthere were
literally hundreds of gamesflourished in both Europe and America.
Marble players developed their own vocabulary for different sizes and
(15) materials of marbles, as well as for the many kinds of games to be played and
the way marbles were used in the games. For example, if you were going to play
a game of Ring-Taw, one of the most popular and enduring marble games, you
would lag for the first shot, and then knuckle down from the baulk, trying your
best to get a mib or two with your opponent's immie.

43. The author makes the point in the passage 46. The word "inspire" in line 6 is closest in
that playing with marbles meaning to
(A) has been going on since ancient times (A) instruct
(B) is a relatively recent phenomenon (B) motvate
(C) is losing popularity (C) relinquish
(D) is a very expensive pastime (D) heighten
44. According to the passage, which of the 47. It can be inferred from the passage that the
following was the least durable substance use of marbles became very popular in
for making marbles? Europe and America
(A) Agate (A) in the 18th century
(B) Rock (B) in 6000 B.C.
(C) Glass (C) inthe!970s
(D) Clay (D) after glass marbles were developed
45. The word "durable" in line 6 is closest in 48. We can infer from the passage that marble
meaning to playing
(A) sturdy (A) is a game only for children
(B) colorful (B) has many variations in games
(C) economical (C) is played according to one set of rules
(D) massive (D) uses only one kind of marble

The questions for this passage

continu on the next page.

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Complete Practice Test One 361

X
 The following questions are
based on the passage on page 361.

49. It can be concluded from lines 17-19 of the 50. The word "enduring" in line 17 is closest in
passage that the terminology of marble meaning to
playing is (A) developed
(A) specialized (B) long-lasting
(B) easy to understand (C) engaging
(C) used only by children (D) challenging
(D) derived from an ancient language

This is the end of Section 3.

If you finish before time is called, check your work on Section 3 only.
Do not read or work on any other section of the test.
For more practice, take a complete test from The Heinemann TOEFL Test Book.

362 Complete Practice Test One