1.

Kin trc ca mng 3G WCDMA UMTS

WCDMA UMTS R3 h tr c kt ni chuyn mch knh ln chuyn mch gi: n

384 Mbps trong min CS v 2Mbps trong min PS. Cc kt ni tc cao ny m bo
cung cp mt tp cc dich v mi cho ngi s dng di ng ging nh trong cc mng
in thoi c nh v Internet. Cc dch v ny gm: in thoi c hnh (Hi ngh video),
m thanh cht lng cao (CD) v tc truyn cao ti u cui. Mt tnh nng khc cng
c a ra cng vi GPRS l "lun lun kt ni" n Internet. UMTS cng cung cp
thng tin v tr tt hn v v th h tr tt hn cc dch v da trn v tr.
Mt mng UMTS bao gm ba phn:
Thit b di ng (UE: User Equipment).
o Thit b u cui (TE)
o Thit b di ng (ME)
o Module nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM: UMTS Subscriber
Identity Module)
Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS (UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial
Radio Network)
o Gm cc h thng mng v tuyn (RNS: Radio Network System)
o Mi RNS bao gm RNC (Radio Network Controller: b iu khin
mng v tuyn) v cc nt B ni vi n
Mng li (CN: Core Network)
o Gm min chuyn mch knh, chuyn mch gi v HE (Home
Environment: Mi trng nh)
o HE bao gm cc c s d liu: AuC (Authentication Center: Trung
tm nhn thc), HLR (Home Location Register: B ghi nh v
thng tr) v EIR (Equipment Identity Register: B ghi nhn dng
thit b).
 Hnh 1.8. Kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS R3

1.1. Thit b ngi s dng (UE).

UE (User Equipment: thit b ngi s dng) l u cui mng UMTS ca ngi

s dng. C th ni y l phn h thng c nhiu thit b nht v s pht trin ca n s
nh hng ln ln cc ng dng v cc dch v kh dng. Gi thnh gim nhanh chng s
to iu kin cho ngi s dng mua thit b ca UMTS. iu ny t c nh tiu
chun ha giao din v tuyn v ci t mi tr tu ti cc card thng minh.
1.1.1. Cc u cui (TE)

V my u cui by gi khng ch n thun dnh cho in thoi m cn cung cp

cc dch v s liu mi, nn tn ca n c chuyn thnh u cui. Cc nh sn xut
chnh a ra rt nhiu u cui da trn cc khi nim mi, nhng trong thc t ch
mt s t l c a vo sn xut. Mc d cc u cui d kin khc nhau v kch thc
v thit k, tt c chng u c mn hnh ln v t phm hn so vi 2G. L do chnh l
tng cng s dng u cui cho nhiu dch v s liu hn v v th u cui tr thnh t
hp ca my thoi di ng, modem v my tnh bn tay.
u cui h tr hai giao din. Giao din Uu nh ngha lin kt v tuyn (giao din
WCDMA). N m nhim ton b kt ni vt l vi mng UMTS. Giao din th hai l
giao din Cu gia UMTS IC card (UICC) v u cui. Giao din ny tun theo tiu chun
cho cc card thng minh.
 Mc d cc nh sn xut u cui c rt nhiu tng v thit b, h phi tun theo
mt tp ti thiu cc nh ngha tiu chun cc ngi s dng bng cc u cui khc
nhau c th truy nhp n mt s cc chc nng c s theo cng mt cch.
Cc tiu chun ny gm:
- Bn phm (cc phm vt l hay cc phm o trn mn hnh)
- ng k mt khu mi
- Thay i m PIN
- Gii chn PIN/PIN2 (PUK)
- Trnh by IMEI
- iu khin cuc gi

Cc phn cn li ca giao din s dnh ring cho nh thit k v ngi s dng s

chn cho mnh u cui da trn hai tiu chun (nu xu th 2G cn ko di) l thit k v
giao din. Giao din l kt hp ca kch c v thng tin do mn hnh cung cp (mn hnh
nt chm), cc phm v menu.
1.1.2. UICC

UMTS IC card l mt card thng minh. iu m ta quan tm n n l dung lng

nh v tc b x l do n cung cp. ng dng USIM chy trn UICC.
1.1.3. USIM

Trong h thng GSM, SIM card lu gi thng tin c nhn (ng k thu bao) ci cng
trn card. iu ny thay i trong UMTS, Modul nhn dng thu bao UMTS c ci
nh mt ng dng trn UICC. iu ny cho php lu nhiu ng dng hn v nhiu ch
k (kha) in t hn cng vi USIM cho cc mc ch khc (cc m truy nhp giao dch
ngn hng an ninh). Ngoi ra c th c nhiu USIM trn cng mt UICC h tr truy
nhp n nhiu mng.
USIM cha cc hm v s liu cn nhn dng v nhn thc thu bao trong mng
UMTS. N c th lu c bn sao h s ca thu bao.
 Ngi s dng phi t mnh nhn thc i vi USIM bng cch nhp m PIN. iu
ny m bo rng ch ngi s dng ch thc mi c truy nhp mng UMTS. Mng
s ch cung cp cc dch v cho ngi no s dng u cui da trn nhn dng USIM
c ng k.
1.2. Mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS

UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network: Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t
UMTS) l lin kt gia ngi s dng v CN. N gm cc phn t m bo cc cuc
truyn thng UMTS trn v tuyn v iu khin chng.
UTRAN c nh ngha gia hai giao din. Giao din Iu gia UTRAN v CN, gm
hai phn: IuPS cho min chuyn mch gi v IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh; giao
din Uu gia UTRAN v thit b ngi s dng. Gia hai giao din ny l hai nt, RNC
v nt B.

1.2.1. RNC

RNC (Radio Network Controller) chu trch nhim cho mt hay nhiu trm gc v
iu khin cc ti nguyn ca chng. y cng chnh l im truy nhp dch v m
UTRAN cung cp cho CN. N c ni n CN bng hai kt ni, mt cho min chuyn
mch gi (n GPRS) v mt n min chuyn mch knh (MSC).
Mt nhim v quan trng na ca RNC l bo v s b mt v ton vn. Sau th tc
nhn thc v tha thun kha, cc kho bo mt v ton vn c t vo RNC. Sau
cc kha ny c s dng bi cc hm an ninh f8 v f9.
RNC c nhiu chc nng logic ty thuc vo vic n phc v nt no. Ngi s
dng c kt ni vo mt RNC phc v (SRNC: Serving RNC). Khi ngi s dng
chuyn vng n mt RNC khc nhng vn kt ni vi RNC c, mt RNC tri (DRNC:
Drift RNC) s cung cp ti nguyn v tuyn cho ngi s dng, nhng RNC phc v vn
qun l kt ni ca ngi s dng n CN. Vai tr logic ca SRNC v DRNC c m t
trn hnh 1.9. Khi UE trong chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, tn ti nhiu kt ni qua Iub
v c t nht mt kt ni qua Iur. Ch mt trong s cc RNC ny (SRNC) l m bo giao
din Iu kt ni vi mng li cn cc RNC khc (DRNC) ch lm nhim v nh tuyn
thng tin gia cc Iub v Iur.
Chc nng cui cng ca RNC l RNC iu khin (CRNC: Control RNC). Mi nt
B c mt RNC iu khin chu trch nhim cho cc ti nguyn v tuyn ca n.

Hnh 1.9. Vai tr logic ca SRNC v DRNC

1.2.2. Nt B

Trong UMTS trm gc c gi l nt B v nhim v ca n l thc hin kt ni v

tuyn vt l gia u cui vi n. N nhn tn hiu trn giao din Iub t RNC v chuyn
n vo tn hiu v tuyn trn giao din Uu. N cng thc hin mt s thao tc qun l ti
nguyn v tuyn c s nh "iu khin cng sut vng trong". Tnh nng ny phng
nga vn gn xa; ngha l nu tt c cc u cui u pht cng mt cng sut, th cc
u cui gn nt B nht s che lp tn hiu t cc u cui xa. Nt B kim tra cng sut
thu t cc u cui khc nhau v thng bo cho chng gim cng sut hoc tng cng
sut sao cho nt B lun thu c cng sut nh nhau t tt c cc u cui.
1.3. Mng li

Mng li (CN) c chia thnh ba phn, min PS, min CS v HE. Min PS m
bo cc dch v s liu cho ngi s dng bng cc kt ni n Internet v cc mng s
liu khc v min CS m bo cc dch v in thoi n cc mng khc bng cc kt ni
TDM. Cc nt B trong CN c kt ni vi nhau bng ng trc ca nh khai thc,
thng s dng cc cng ngh mng tc cao nh ATM v IP. Mng ng trc trong
min CS s dng TDM cn trong min PS s dng IP.
1.3.1. SGSN

SGSN (SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node: nt h tr GPRS phc v) l nt chnh

ca min chuyn mch gi. N ni n UTRAN thng qua giao din IuPS v n GGSN
thng quan giao din Gn. SGSN chu trch nhim cho tt c kt ni PS ca tt c cc thu
bao. N lu hai kiu d liu thu bao: thng tin ng k thu bao v thng tin v tr thu
bao.
S liu thu bao lu trong SGSN gm:
- IMSI (International Mobile Subsscriber Identity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng
quc t)
- Cc nhn dng tm thi gi (P-TMSI: Packet- Temporary Mobile Subscriber
Identity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng tm thi gi)
- Cc a ch PDP (Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc s liu gi)

S liu v tr lu trn SGSN:

- Vng nh tuyn thu bao (RA: Routing Area)
- S VLR
- Cc a ch GGSN ca tng GGSN c kt ni tch cc
1.3.2. GGSN

GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node: Nt h tr GPRS cng) l mt SGSN kt ni

vi cc mng s liu khc. Tt c cc cuc truyn thng s liu t thu bao n cc mng
ngoi u qua GGSN. Cng nh SGSN, n lu c hai kiu s liu: thng tin thu bao v
thng tin v tr.
S liu thu bao lu trong GGSN:
- IMSI
- Cc a ch PDP
S liu v tr lu trong GGSN:
 - a ch SGSN hin thu bao ang ni n
- GGSN ni n Internet thng qua giao din Gi v n BG thng qua Gp.
1.3.3. BG

BG (Border Gatway: Cng bin gii) l mt cng gia min PS ca PLMN vi cc

mng khc. Chc nng ca nt ny ging nh tng la ca Internet: m bo mng
an ninh chng li cc tn cng bn ngoi.
1.3.4. VLR

VLR (Visitor Location Register: b ghi nh v tm tr) l bn sao ca HLR cho

mng phc v (SN: Serving Network). D liu thu bao cn thit cung cp cc dch v
thu bao c copy t HLR v lu y. C MSC v SGSN u c VLR ni vi chng.
S liu sau y c lu trong VLR:
- IMSI
- MSISDN
- TMSI (nu c)
- LA hin thi ca thu bao
- MSC/SGSN hin thi m thu bao ni n
Ngoi ra VLR c th lu gi thng tin v cc dch v m thu bao c cung cp.
C SGSN v MSC u c thc hin trn cng mt nt vt l vi VLR v th c
gi l VLR/SGSN v VLR/MSC.
1.3.5. MSC

MSC thc hin cc kt ni CS gia u cui v mng. N thc hin cc chc nng
bo hiu v chuyn mch cho cc thu bao trong vng qun l ca mnh. Chc nng ca
MSC trong UMTS ging chc nng MSC trong GSM, nhng n c nhiu kh nng hn.
Cc kt ni CS c thc hin trn giao din CS gia UTRAN v MSC. Cc MSC c
ni n cc mng ngoi qua GMSC.
1.3.6. GMSC

GMSC c th l mt trong s cc MSC. GMSC chu trch nhim thc hin cc chc
nng nh tuyn n vng c MS. Khi mng ngoi tm cch kt ni n PLMN ca mt
nh khai thc, GMSC nhn yu cu thit lp kt ni v hi HLR v MSC hin thi qun
l MS.
1.3.7. Mi trng nh

Mi trng nh (HE: Home Environment) lu cc h s thu bao ca hng khai

thc. N cng cung cp cho cc mng phc v (SN: Serving Network) cc thng tin v
thu bao v v cc cn thit nhn thc ngi s dng v tnh cc cho cc dch v
cung cp. Tt c cc dch v c cung cp v cc dch v b cm u c lit k y.
B ghi nh v thng tr (HLR)
HLR l mt c s d liu c nhim v qun l cc thu bao di ng. Mt mng di
ng c th cha nhiu HLR ty thuc vo s lng thu bao, dung lng ca tng HLR
v t chc bn trong mng.
C s d liu ny cha IMSI (International Mobile Subsscriber Identity: s nhn
dng thu bao di ng quc t), t nht mt MSISDN (Mobile Station ISDN: s thu bao
c trong danh b in thoi) v t nht mt a ch PDP (Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc
s liu gi). C IMSI v MSISDN c th s dng lm kho truy nhp n cc thng tin
c lu khc. nh tuyn v tnh cc cc cuc gi, HLR cn lu gi thng tin v
SGSN v VLR no hin ang chu trch nhim thu bao. Cc dch v khc nh chuyn
hng cuc gi, tc s liu v th thoi cng c trong danh sch cng vi cc hn ch
dch v nh cc hn ch chuyn mng.
HLR v AuC l hai nt mng logic, nhng thng c thc hin trong cng mt
nt vt l. HLR lu gi mi thng tin v ngi s dng v ng k thu bao. Nh: thng
tin tnh cc, cc dch v no c cung cp v cc dch v no b t chi v thng tin
chuyn hng cuc gi. Nhng thng tin quan trng nht l hin VLR v SGSN no ang
ph trch ngi s dng.
Trung tm nhn thc (AuC)
AUC (Authentication Center) lu gi ton b s liu cn thit nhn thc, mt
m ha v bo v s ton vn thng tin cho ngi s dng. N lin kt vi HLR v c
thc hin cng vi HLR trong cng mt nt vt l. Tuy nhin cn m bo rng AuC ch
cung cp thng tin v cc vect nhn thc (AV: Authetication Vector) cho HLR.
 AuC lu gi kha b mt chia s K cho tng thu bao cng vi tt c cc hm to
kha t f0 n f5. N to ra cc AV, c trong thi gian thc khi SGSN/VLR yu cu hay
khi ti x l thp, ln cc AV d tr.
B ghi nhn dng thit b (EIR)
EIR (Equipment Identity Register) chu trch nhim lu cc s nhn dng thit b
di ng quc t (IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity). y l s nhn dng
duy nht cho thit b u cui. C s d liu ny c chia thnh ba danh mc: danh mc
trng, xm v en. Danh mc trng cha cc s IMEI c php truy nhp mng. Danh
mc xm cha IMEI ca cc u cui ang b theo di cn danh mc en cha cc s
IMEI ca cc u cui b cm truy nhp mng. Khi mt u cui c thng bo l b
mt cp, IMEI ca n s b t vo danh mc en v th n b cm truy nhp mng. Danh
mc ny cng c th c s dng cm cc seri my c bit khng c truy nhp
mng khi chng khng hot ng theo tiu chun.
1.4. Cc mng ngoi

Cc mng ngoi khng phi l b phn ca h thng UMTS, nhng chng cn

thit m bo truyn thng gia cc nh khai thc. Cc mng ngoi c th l cc mng
in thoi nh: PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network: mng di ng mt t cng cng),
PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network: Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng),
ISDN hay cc mng s liu nh Internet. Min PS kt ni n cc mng s liu cn min
CS ni n cc mng in thoi.
1.5. Cc giao din

Vai tr cc cc nt khc nhau ca mng ch c nh ngha thng qua cc giao din

khc nhau. Cc giao din ny c nh ngha cht ch cc nh sn xut c th kt ni
cc phn cng khc nhau ca h.
Giao din Cu. Giao din Cu l giao din chun cho cc card thng minh. Trong
UE y l ni kt ni gia USIM v UE
Giao din Uu. Giao din Uu l giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA trong UMTS.
y l giao din m qua UE truy nhp vo phn c nh ca mng. Giao din
ny nm gia nt B v u cui.
 Giao din Iu. Giao din Iu kt ni UTRAN v CN. N gm hai phn, IuPS cho
min chuyn mch gi, IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh. CN c th kt ni n
nhiu UTRAN cho c giao din IuCS v IuPS. Nhng mt UTRAN ch c th kt
ni n mt im truy nhp CN.
Giao din Iur. y l giao din RNC-RNC. Ban u c thit k m bo
chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, nhng trong qu trnh pht trin nhiu tnh nng
mi c b sung. Giao din ny m bo bn tnh nng ni bt sau:
- Di ng gia cc RNC
- Lu thng knh ring
- Lu thng knh chung
- Qun l ti nguyn ton cc
Giao din Iub. Giao din Iub ni nt B v RNC. Khc vi GSM y l giao din
m.