RME Arc Flash Hazards Awareness

ARC FLASH HAZARD AWARENESS
ESSENTIALS FOR
MASTER ELECTRICIANS
Raul S. Sera Josef
Bulacan State University
raul.sera_josef@up.edu.ph / raul_bsu@yahoo.com / raul.bsu@gmail.com
IMPORTANT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Figures and texts used in this presentation were taken
from [R1] Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation (J.C. DAS), [R2] IEEE GUIDE 1584, [R3] NFPA
70E [R4] PEC 1-2009, [R5] PEC 2-2008, [R6] NESC 2002 & 2012, [R7] The Electrical Safety
Program Guide (Jones), [R8] OSHS and [R9] NEC (2005, 2008, 2011, & 2014) with some edits
and/or revisions by ENGR. SERA JOSEF.
NOTICE: This presentation does not reflect the official position of the IIEE.
The recommendations by ENGR. SERA JOSEF in this presentation are intended to be in
compliance with the PEC and other related standards.
ABOUT THE LECTURER:
RAUL S. SERA JOSEF
IIEE Lifetime Member No. 13444

IIEE Bulacan Chapter President (2001)
REE18923 / RMsE20185
TESDA NC III (Electrical Installation and Maintenance)
TESDA NC II (Electrical Installation and Maintenance, Mechatronics Servicing,
& Technical Drafting)
Sole Lecturer, IIEE-Central Laguna Chapters Electrical Proficiency Program for
Electricians (100 to 120 hours per Batch) (Batch Nos. 1 to 3)
Technical Assistant, IIEE National Office (1999-2001)
Lecturer, IIEE Seminar PEC 1-2009 Essentials for Master Electricians
Electrical Instructor, Bulacan State University (2002-Present)
Electrical Trainer (On-Call), Gokongwei Brothers Foundation (2013-Present)
Proponent: BIT-Mechatronics Technology at Bulacan State University
BSEE, 2-&3-Year Technician Educucation, BulSU
MAEd (Physics) at BulSU (Thesis Writing)
MSEE (Power System) Student (as CHED Scholar) at UP-Diliman (Thesis
Proposal)
RAUL S. SERA JOSEF, REE18923/RMsE20185 ARC FLASH HAZARD AWARENESS ESSENTIALS FOR MASTER ELECTRICIANS
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Agenda:
What is an Arc Flash?

How does an Arc Flash happen?
Factors that affect Arc Flash
Effects of an Arc Flash
Intro to Arc Flash Protection
Selection of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Labeling of Electrical Equipment
Electrical Approach Boundaries
Arc Flash Protection Boundary
Limited Approach Boundary
Restricted and Prohibited Approach Boundary
Hazard Assessment and Risk Evaluation Process
for Arc Flash
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Arc Flash Incident
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Arc Flash Incident [6-Cycle = 0.1 Sec.]
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Arc Flash Incident
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Arc Flash Incident <0.5-Cycle = <0.0083 Sec.
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1PEC20091.10.1.16
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2008NEC110.16
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2008NEC110.16
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2011NEC110.16
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2011NEC [110.16] 2014NEC
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2011NEC110.24
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2014NEC110.21
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Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety. Recognizing (electrical) hazards
associated with the use of electrical energy and taking
precautions so that (electrical) hazards do not cause
injury or death. [NFPA 70E-2012]
See OSHS Rule 1210 Electrical Safety.
OSHS Rule 1211: Philippine Electrical Code (PEC).

The PEC is hereby adopted and the standards
contained therein shall be considered.
Safety standards to the extent that they
safeguard any person employed in any workplace and
control the practice of electrical engineering.
Electrical hazards are especially difficult for workers to guard against
without specialized training and procedures they can follow. [Jones]
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Electrical Hazards
Electrical Hazards. Dangerous conditions such that

contact or equipment failure can result in electric
shock, arc flash burn, thermal burn, or blast. [NFPA
70E-2012]
Three (3) General Categories of Electrical Hazards

[NFPA 70E-2012]: Electric Shock, Arc Flash, & Arc Blast
Electrical hazards are especially difficult for workers to guard against

without specialized training and procedures they can follow. [Jones]
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General Categories of Electrical Hazards
Electrical Shock Arc Flash Arc Blast
Shock Hazard. A Arc Flash Hazard. A Arc Blast is associated
dangerous condition dangerous condition with extreme pressure
associated with the associated with the and rapid pressure build
possible release of possible release of up.
energy caused by energy caused by an Solid to a vapor (67,000
contact or approach to electric arc. [NFPA 70E] x Cu expand)
energized electrical Associated with thermal
conductors or circuit hazard and burns.
parts. [NFPA 70E]
US-NSC: 30,000 2000 severe burns/year
nonfatal/year, 1,000
fatal/year (half at <600V)
If the equipment is maintained under deenergized condition,

there is no arc flash hazard. [DAS]
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Statistics
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An electric arc is a short circuit through the air.
Source: Electrical Safety, Arc Flash/Blast Injuries Prevention for Workers, Geogia Tech Research Institute
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ARC FLASH is dangerous condition associated with

the unexpected release of tremendous amount of
energy caused by an ELECTRIC ARC within
electrical equipment.
This release is in the form of intense light, heat,
sound, and blast of arc products that may consist
of vaporized components of enclosure material
copper, steel, or aluminum.
Intense sound and pressure waves also emanate
from the ARC FLASH, which resembles a condined
explosion.
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ARCING occurs when the insulation between the live conductors
breaks down, due to aging, surface tracking, treeing phenomena,
and due to human error when maintaining electrical equipment in
the energized state. [DAS]
The INSULATION SYSTEMS

are not perfectly
homogenous and voids
form due to thermal
cycling. In nonself
restoring insulations,
TREEING PHENOMENA
starts with a discharge in a
cavity, which enlarges over
a period of time, and the
discharge pattern resemble
tree branches, hence the
TREEING. [DAS]
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ELECTRICAL ARCING signifies the passage of current

through what has previously been air. It is initiated by
flashover or introduction of some conductive material.
The current passage is through ionized air and the
vapor of the arc terminal material, which has
substantially higher resistance that the solid material.
[DAS]
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Limits of Approach
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Hazard Boundaries
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Hazard Boundaries
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Hazard Boundaries
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1.10.1: WORKING DISTANCE
Working Distance: The dimension between the possible arc point and the
head and body of the worker positioned in place to perform the assigned task.
[IEEE 1584-2002]
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1PEC1.10: Working Space [Table 1.10.2.1(a)(1)]
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2PEC2008: Definition [1.2]
Spacing Vs. Clearance
Balikbayan REE
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1.10.2.1(a,e)
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1PEC1.10: 1.10.2.1(a)
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1PEC1.10: 1.10.2.1(e)(1)
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1PEC1.10: Working Space [1.10.2.1(a)(1)a]
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1PEC1.10: Working Space [1.10.2.1(a)(1)b]
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1PEC1.10: Working Space [1.10.2.1(a)(2)]
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1PEC 1.10.2.1(c) & 2PEC 2.2.4
Panic Bars
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1PEC1.10: Working Space [1.10.2.1(b)]
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1.10.2.1(b) / 4.50.3.8
Storage in Vaults.
Materials shall not
stored in transformer
vaults. (4.50.3.8)
Clear Spaces. Working

space required by
1.10.2.1(b) shall not
be used for storage.
When normally enclosed
live parts are exposed
for inspection or
servicing, the working
space, if in a
passageway or general
open space, shall be
suitably guarded.
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1PEC1.10: Working Space [1.10.2.1(c)]
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1.10.2.1(c)(1)
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1PEC 1.10.2.1(c) & 2PEC 2.2.4
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1PEC 1.10.2.1(c) & 2PEC 2.2.4
Personnel Doors. Where equipment rated 1200 A or more that contains overcurrent devices, switching
devices, or control devices is installed and there is a personnel door(s) intended for entrance to and egress
from the working space less than 7.6 m (25 ft) from the nearest edge of the working space, the door(s) shall
open in the direction of egress and be equipped with panic bars, pressure plates, or other devices
that are normally latched but open under simple pressure.
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1PEC1.10: Working Space [1.10.2.1(d)]
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1PEC1.10: Dedicated Electl Space [1.10.2.1(f)(1)a]
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PEC1.10: Dedicated Equip. Space [1.10.2.1(f)(1)a]1
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1PEC1.10: Dedicated Equip. Space [1.10.2.1(f)(1)b]
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
PROTECTIVE STRATEGIES
1st: To Isolate workers from electrical hazards by

creating an electrically safe working condition.
2nd: To identify approach boundaries.
3rd: To use PPE to prevent injury in the event of an

incident.
A workplace that puts employees in an environment that contains

electrical hazards must have a strategy to protect its workers. [Jones]
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OSHS Rule 1080- PPE - safety shoes: to protect our

FEET from any hazard
OSHS Rule : 1085.01:
When selecting gloves,
consideration should be given to the hazards to which
the wearer may be exposed to and the ease and free
movement of the fingers.
ARC FLASH SUIT: use to protect our whole body from
this electrical hazard
High Temperatures near the body produced by an electric arc
or explosion cause Arc or Flash Burns. They should also be
attended to promptly.
Thermal Contact Burns occur when skin comes in contact
with overheated electric equipment, or when clothing is
ignited in an electrical incident.
Source: OSHS & DOLE-OSH Training Material
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WHAT EQUIPMENT MUST BE LABELED?
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Safety Practices: One-Hand Rule
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Safety Practices: One-Hand Rule
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NFPA 70-2012, 130.6(H)
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130.7(C) PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
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240-V LIVE PANELBOARD
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ARC FLASH HAZARD CALCULATION
The ff examples break down the calculations and compare the Hazard Risk Category
(HRC), Incident Energy (cal/cm2), Flash Protection Boundary (FPB) and PPE (Personal
Protective Equipment) required to work on an energized 480V system protected by
either 2500 Amp Class L fuses or a 2500 Amp LV power circuit breaker.
Source: LittlelFuse Electrical

Safety Hazards Handbook
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ARC FLASH HAZARD CALCULATION
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ARC FLASH HAZARD CALCULATIONS
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ARC FLASH HAZARD AWARENESS

IIEE Lifetime Member No. 13444

What is an Arc Flash?

See OSHS Rule 1210 Electrical Safety.

OSHS Rule 1211: Philippine Electrical Code (PEC).

Electrical Hazards. Dangerous conditions such that

Three (3) General Categories of Electrical Hazards

Electrical hazards are especially difficult for workers to guard against

If the equipment is maintained under deenergized condition,

ARC FLASH is dangerous condition associated with

The INSULATION SYSTEMS

ELECTRICAL ARCING signifies the passage of current

Spacing Vs. Clearance

Clear Spaces. Working

1st: To Isolate workers from electrical hazards by

2nd: To identify approach boundaries.

3rd: To use PPE to prevent injury in the event of an

A workplace that puts employees in an environment that contains

OSHS Rule 1080- PPE - safety shoes: to protect our

Source: LittlelFuse Electrical

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