Caño Rondon 1 PVT

Reservoir Fluid Study
for
OCCIDENTAL DE COLOMBIA
Cao Rondon-1 Well, Form.: Mirador / K2A1
RFL 0603116
The analyses, opinions or interpretations in this report are based on observations and material supplied
by the client to whom, and for whose exclusive and confidential use, this report is made. The
interpretations or opinions expressed represent the best judgement of Core Laboratories Venezuela,
S.A. (all errors and omissions excepted); but Core Laboratories Venezuela, S.A. and its officers and
employees assume no responsibility and make no warranty or representations as to the productivity,
proper operation or profitability of any oil, gas or any other mineral well formation in connection with
which such report is used or relied upon.
Core Laboratories
Cra 39 Nro. 168-52, Bogot, Colombia
Tel: +57 (1) 6740400 Fax: +57 (1) 6730060 Web: http://www.corelab.com
Core Laboratories
Cra. 39 Nro. 168-52
Bogot, Colombia
Tel: 57 1 6740400
Web: http://www.corelab.com
October 16th, 2006
Occidental de Colombia.
Bogota, Colombia.
Attention : Eng. Aldo Caliz
Subject: Reservoir Fluid Study

Well: Cao Rondon-1
Formation: Mirador / K2A1
Interval: 9,760'-10,378'
File: 0603116
Dear Sirs.:
Two bottomhole samples and two wellhead samples from the subject well were collected on
July 11th and July 12th of 2006 by Core Laboratories representatives and delivered to our
fluid laboratory in Bogot for use in the performance of a Reservoir Fluid Study. The
samples were transported to the laboratory whereupon sample validation and analysis
commenced.
Preliminary results were reported during the execution of the study and the final report is
presented in the following pages.
It has been a pleasure to perform this study for Occidental de Colombia. Should any
questions arise or if we may be of further service in any way, please do not hesitate to
contact us.
Sincerely,
CORE LABORATORIES VENEZUELA, S.A.
David McEvoy
Manager
Reservoir Fluids Laboratory
Cao Rondon-1 Well, Form.: Mirador / K2A1 RFL 0603116
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Table of Contents
Section A - Summary of PVT Methods and Data Page

Summary of analysis methods........................................................................................ A.1-A.3
Summary of PVT data..................................................................................................... A.4
Section B - Summary of Samples Received and Validation Data

Well information............................................................................................................... B.1
Summary of samples received ....................................................................................... B.2
Section C - Compositional Analysis of Wellhead Fluid Sample to C36+

Compositional analysis of wellhead fluid sample to C36+............................................... C.1-C.2
Section D - Constant Composition Expansion

Constant composition expansion at 238 F..................................................................... D.1-D.2
Graphs from constant composition expansion at 238 F................................................ D.3
Partial constant composition expansion at 120 F.......................................................... D.4-D.5
Partial constant composition expansion at 86 F............................................................ D.6-D.7
Partial constant composition expansion at laboratory ambient temperature (68 F)....... D.8-D.9
Section E - Differential Vaporization

Differential vaporization data........................................................................................... E.1
Graphs from differential vaporization data....................................................................... E.2
Compositional Analysis of Differential Vaporization Gases to C11+............................... E.3
Compositional Analysis of Differential Vaporization Residue to C36+............................ E.4-E.5
Differential vaporization data converted to surface separator conditions........................ E.6-E.7
Section F - Wellhead Fluid Viscosity Data

Wellhead fluid viscosity data........................................................................................... F.1
Graphs from wellhead fluid viscosity data....................................................................... F.2
Section G - Separator Test Data

Separator test 1............................................................................................................... G.1
Compositional analysis of gas sample from separator test 1.......................................... G.2
Separator test 2............................................................................................................... G.3
Compositional analysis of gas sample from separator test 2.......................................... G.4
Section H - Appendix
Data used in gas compositional calculations................................................................... H.1
Data used in liquid compositional calculations................................................................ H.2
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Core Laboratories
Bogot, Colombia
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Section A - Summary of PVT Analysis Methods and Data
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Core Laboratories
Bogot, Colombia
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Summary of Analysis Methods
Sample Validation
The bubble point pressure at ambient temperature and free water content of each wellhead sample
were determined as initial quality checks. From this quality control, the measured bubble point
pressures of the samples showed good agreement with one another and very little free water was
measured.
Heat Treatment
The selected wellhead fluid sample was heated to 200F prior to subsampling for laboratory tests to
avoid potential wax deposition problems.
Pressurized Fluid Composition

Approximately 30 cc of pressurized fluid was flashed to atmospheric pressure at 120 F and
separated into gas and oil phase. The evolved gas and residual liquid were analyzed separately,
using gas-liquid chromatography and recombined on a weight basis to produce a C36+ weight
percent composition.
Gas Compositions
Gas composition were measured using a "one shot" Varian 3800 gas analyzer using GPA 2286
method. The gas chromatograph utilizes 3 columns to clearly identify all of the eluted components
from N2, CO2 and C1 through C11+.
The chromatograph is calibrated weekly using air and synthetic hydrocarbon gas with a known
composition. The resultant calibration data is checked statistically against previous calibrations
prior to performing analyses on unknown samples.
Liquid Composition
Residual/stocktank liquid composition were measured using a Varian 3400 chromatograph. The
gas chromatograph utilizes a cold on column, "sandwich injection" technique to ensure that a
representative sample is injected and swept onto the column. The sample is run twice; first the
original fluid and then fluid spiked with n-tetradecane. This allows the laboratory to take into
account any heavy end (C36+) losses that may have occurred during the chromatographic run, and
make an accurate correction prior to reporting the liquid composition. The data obtained from the
gas chromatograph is in weight %. Calculations to mole% and the plus fractions properties are
described later.
The chromatograph for liquid samples is checked daily, using a gravimetric n-paraffin mix
containing a range of pure components from C8 through C36 and a synthetic gas-oil mix (D2887)
with known composition. The resultant calibration data is checked statistically against previous
calibrations prior to performing analyses on unknown samples.
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Core Laboratories A.1
Bogot, Colombia
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Summary of Analysis Methods (Continuation)
Calculation of Mole% Compositions and Plus Fraction Properties

The residue or stocktank liquid whole sample molecular weight and density are measured using a
cryscope and a PAAR densitometer respectively.
The mole% data is calculated using GPSA mole weight and density data, where individual
components are identified, from carbon dioxide through decanes. Katz and Firoozabadi data are
used from undecanes through pentatriacontanes. The residue mole weight and density values are
calculated so that the pseudo average mole weight and density are the same as the measured
values. This can lead to anomalous residue mole weights and densities where the Katz and
Firoozabadi values may not be suitable for the isomer groups detected.
Other alternatives are to use an assumed C36+ molecular weight and density value, use a linear
extrapolation technique for components from C10 to C35 to calculate the C36+ properties or to
utilise distillation analysis to produce a C11+, C20+ or C36+ residual oil fraction and physically
measure the molecular weight and density.
Constant Composition Expansion

A portion of the wellhead fluid sample was charged to a high pressure visual cell at ambient
laboratory temperature . A partial constant composition expansion was carried out during which
the bubble point pressure at ambient temperature was determined. This process was repeated for
temperatures of 86F and 120F and finally the sample was thermally expanded to the reservoir
temperature for the complete constant composition expansion test. Pressure-volume data for the
single phase and two phase fluid were also determined. The density of the single phase fluid was
determined by weighing measured volumes pumped from the cell at 5000 psig. Density data for
other pressures were calculated using the volumetric data.
Differential Vaporization
This was carried out in a high pressure visual cell, at reservoir temperature. At several pressure
stages below the observed saturation pressure, the sample was stabilized. The gases evolved
were then pumped out of the cell and its volume, compressibility and gravities were determined.
The final stage was carried out at atmospheric pressure when the residual liquid was pumped out of
the cell and its volume, density and molecular weight were measured.
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Bogot, Colombia
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Summary of Analysis Methods (Continuation)
Reservoir Fluid Viscosity

Live-oil viscosity was measured in an electromagnetic viscometer at reservoir temperature.
Viscosity determinations were carried out over a wide range of pressures from above the reservoir
pressure to atmospheric pressure.
The measurements were repeated at each pressure stage until five or more results agreed to within
0.5%. The densities, obtained from the constant composition expansion and differential
vaporization tests, were used in the calculation of viscosities in centipoise.
Separator Tests
Finally, two single-stage separator tests were carried out using a pressurized test separator cell. A
portion of the bottomhole fluid sample, at a pressure above saturation pressure, was pumped into
the separator cell and stabilized at the pressure and temperature required for the first stage
separation. The gas evolved was pumped out of the cell and the volume and composition were
determined. The final stage was carried out at atmospheric pressure and separator temperature
and the density of the residual liquid was determined.
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Bogot, Colombia
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Summary of PVT Data
Constant Composition Expansion at Laboratory Ambient Temperature (68 F)

Saturation pressure (bubble-point) 345 psig
Constant Composition Expansion at 86 F
Average single phase compressibility 8.71 x 10 -6 psi-1

(From 4091 psig to 524 psig)
Thermal expansion at 5000 psig 1.0808 vol / vol

(Vol at 238F)/(Vol at 60F)
Differential Vaporization at 238 F
Solution gas-oil ratio at saturation pressure 174 scf/bbl of residual oil at 60F
Relative oil volume at saturation pressure 1.197 vol / vol of residual oil at 60F
Density at saturation pressure 0.7602 g cm-3

Bottomhole Fluid Viscosity at 238 F
Viscosity at reservoir pressure 1.211 centipoise at 4091 psig
Viscosity at saturation pressure 0.927 centipoise at 524 psig

Separator Test Data
Pressure Temperature Formation Volume Total Solution Stocktank Oil
(psig) (F) Factor Gas-oil ratio Density at 60 F
(Bl sat/bbl) (scf/bbl) (g cm-3)
Test 1
524 238 1.169 143
60 200
0 200 0.8580
Test 2
524 238 1.180 146
30 200
0 200 0.8598
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Bogot, Colombia
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Section B - Summary of Samples Received and Validation Data
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Core Laboratories
Bogot, Colombia
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Reported Well and Sampling Information
Reservoir and Well Information
Field......................................................................... Cao Rondon

Well.......................................................................... Cao Rondon-1
Reservoir Fluid......................................................... Black Oil
Formation................................................................. Mirador / K2A1

Current Reservoir Pressure .................................... 4106 psia
Reservoir Temperature............................................ 238 F
Installation................................................................ *
DST.......................................................................... *
Perforated Interval .................................................. 9,760'-10,378'
Sampling Information
Date sampled........................................................... 11-Jul-06 & 12-Jul-06

Time sampled ......................................................... 15:22 & 09:40 - 10:20
Type of samples....................................................... Bottomhole & Wellhead
Sampling company.................................................. Core Laboratories
Sampling Depth...................................................... 3,300 ft
Choke....................................................................... *
Status of well............................................................ Shut-In
Bottomhole pressure................................................ *
Bottomhole temperature.......................................... *
Wellhead pressure................................................... 415 psia

Wellhead temperature............................................. 95.8 F
Separator pressure ................................................. *

Separator temperature ............................................ *
Pressure base.......................................................... 14.7 psia

Temperature base ................................................... 60 F
Separator gas rate................................................... *

Separator oil rate ..................................................... *
Water flowrate.......................................................... *
Gas gravity (Air = 1)................................................. *
Supercompressibility factor...................................... *
H2S.......................................................................... *
BS&W...................................................................... *
API Oil Gravity ......................................................... *
Comments:
* Data not provided to Core Laboratories
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Core Laboratories B.1
Bogot, Colombia
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Summary of Samples Received
Bottomhole Samples
Laboratory
Sample Cylinder Sampling :- Bubble point :- Free water Sample
Number Number Pressure Temp. Pressure Temp. drained Volume BSW
(psia) (F) (psig) (F) (cc) (cm3) (%)
1.1 -- -- -- -- -- 500 500 100.0
1.2 -- -- -- -- -- 500 500 100.0
Wellhead Samples
Laboratory
Sample Cylinder Sampling :- Bubble point :- Free water Sample
Number Number Pressure Temp. Pressure Temp. drained Volume BSW
(psia) (F) (psig) (F) (cc) (cm3) (%)
2.1 59437D 415 120.0 355 72 10 630 0.5
2.2 59386D 415 120.0 349 73 5 660 0.3
Notes:
Bottomhole Samples 1.1 and 1.2 were not transferred to transport cylinders as only water was
recovered from the sampling operation.
Wellhead Sample 2.2 was selected for compositonal analysis and PVT study.
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Core Laboratories B.2
Bogot, Colombia
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Section C - Compositional Analysis of Wellhead Fluid Sample to C36+
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Core Laboratories
Bogot, Colombia
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Compositional Analysis of Wellhead Sample to C36 plus
Component Mole % Weight %

H2 Hydrogen 0.00 0.00
H2S Hydrogen Sulphide 0.00 0.00
CO2 Carbon Dioxide 0.43 0.11
N2 Nitrogen 0.22 0.04
C1 Methane 16.55 1.58
C2 Ethane 3.30 0.59
C3 Propane 1.84 0.49
iC4 i-Butane 0.79 0.27
nC4 n-Butane 1.52 0.53
C5 Neo-Pentane 0.00 0.00
iC5 i-Pentane 1.24 0.54
nC5 n-Pentane 1.38 0.59
C6 Hexanes 2.99 1.54
Methyl-Cyclopentane 1.10 0.56
Benzene 0.08 0.04
Cyclohexane 0.51 0.26
C7 Heptanes 4.01 2.40
Methyl-Cyclohexane 2.12 1.25
Toluene 0.31 0.17
C8 Octanes 5.27 3.60
EthylBenzene 0.47 0.30
M/P-Xylene 0.47 0.30
O-Xylene 0.20 0.12
C9 Nonanes 4.36 3.34
TrimethylBenzene 0.49 0.35
C10 Decanes 4.69 3.99
C11 Undecanes 4.33 3.81
C12 Dodecanes 3.77 3.63
C13 Tridecanes 3.96 4.15
C14 Tetradecanes 3.43 3.90
C15 Pentadecanes 3.38 4.17
C16 Hexadecanes 2.70 3.58
C17 Heptadecanes 2.41 3.41
C18 Octadecanes 2.41 3.62
C19 Nonadecanes 2.03 3.20
C20 Eicosanes 1.68 2.76
C21 Heneicosanes 1.54 2.68
C22 Docosanes 1.30 2.38
C23 Tricosanes 1.22 2.32
C24 Tetracosanes 1.11 2.20
C25 Pentacosanes 1.02 2.10
C26 Hexacosanes 0.89 1.92
C27 Heptacosanes 0.83 1.86
C28 Octacosanes 0.78 1.81
C29 Nonacosanes 0.73 1.76
C30 Triacontanes 0.64 1.60
C31 Hentriacontanes 0.59 1.51
C32 Dotriacontanes 0.49 1.30
C33 Tritriacontanes 0.43 1.17
C34 Tetratriacontanes 0.38 1.08
C35 Pentatriacontanes 0.37 1.07
C36+ Hexatriacontanes + 3.24 14.05
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Totals : 100.00 100.00
Core Laboratories
Note: 0.00 means less than 0.005. C.1
Bogot, Colombia
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Compositional Analysis of Wellhead Sample to C36 plus
Calculated Residue Properties
C7 plus Mole % 69.74

Mole Weight (g mol-1) 225
Density at 60F (g cm-3) 0.8401



Molecular Weight (g mol-1) 725
Calculated Whole Sample Properties
Average mole weight (g mol-1) 167

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Core Laboratories C.3
Bogot, Colombia
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Section D - Constant Composition Expansion (CCE)
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Core Laboratories
Bogot, Colombia
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Constant Composition Expansion at 238F
Single-phase Fluid Properties
Saturation pressure (bubble-point pressure) 524 psig
Thermal expansion factor of single phase fluid at 5000 psig

(Vol at 238F)/(Vol at 60F) 1.0808 vol / vol
Average single phase compressibility

(From 4091 psig to 524 psig) 8.71 x 10 -6 psi-1
Density at saturation pressure 0.7602 g cm-3
Mean Single-phase Compressibilities
Pressure Range Mean

Initial Pressure Final Pressure Compressibility
(psig) (psig) (psi-1) (1)
5000 4000 6.85 x 10 -6
4000 3000 7.35 x 10 -6
3000 2000 8.07 x 10 -6
2000 524 10.17 x 10 -6
(1) Mean compressibility = (V2-V1) / [(V1+V2)/2] x 1/(P1 - P2)

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Core Laboratories D.1
Bogot, Colombia
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Pressure Relative Density Instantaneous Y-Function (3)

(psig) Volume (1) (g cm-3) Compressibility
(psi-1 x 10-6) (2)
5000 0.9634 0.7890 6.64

4091 Reservoir pressure 0.9694 0.7841 7.03
4000 0.9700 0.7836 7.07
3000 0.9772 0.7779 7.66
2000 0.9851 0.7717 8.56
1000 0.9944 0.7645 10.50
900 0.9954 0.7636 10.87
800 0.9966 0.7628 11.34
700 0.9977 0.7619 11.96
600 0.9990 0.7610 12.96
524 Saturation pressure 1.0000 0.7602
522 1.0020
520 1.0040
518 1.0060
516 1.0080
515 1.0091
504 1.0208
478 1.0515
445 1.0978 1.758
384 1.2119 1.657
302 1.4592 1.526
219 1.9311 1.402
168 2.4658 1.329
127 3.1985 1.274
94 4.2094 1.232
(1) Relative Volume = V / Vsat ie. volume at indicated pressure per volume at saturation pressure.
(2) Instantaneous compressibility = (V2-V1) / V1 x 1/(P1-P2)
(3) Y-function = (Psat - P ) / ((Pabs)(V/Vsat - 1)).
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Bogot, Colombia
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Graphs of Constant Composition Expansion Data
Relative Volume vs Pressure
1.000
0.995
0.990
Relative Volume, V/Vsat
0.985
0.980
0.975
0.970
0.965
0.960
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Pressure (psig)
Y Function vs Pressure
1.800
1.700
1.600
1.500
Y-Function
1.400
1.300
1.200
1.100
1.000
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Pressure (psig)
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Bogot, Colombia
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Thermal expansion factor of single phase fluid at 5000 lpcm


(From 2526 psig to 83 psig) 5.72 x 10 -6 lpc-1
Pressure Range Mean

5000 4000 5.02 x 10 -6
4000 3000 5.17 x 10 -6
3000 2000 5.41 x 10 -6
2000 500 6.18 x 10 -6
500 397 7.80 x 10 -6
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Bogot, Colombia
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Pressure Relative Instantaneous

(psig) Volume (1) Compressibility
(psi-1 x 10-6) (2)
5000 0.9746 4.97

4091 Reservoir pressure 0.9791 5.07
4000 0.9796 5.09
3000 0.9846 5.27
2000 0.9900 5.59
1000 0.9958 6.31
900 0.9965 6.45
800 0.9971 6.61
700 0.9978 6.81
600 0.9985 7.08
500 0.9992 7.46
400 1.0000 8.33
397 Saturation pressure 1.0000
394
391
387
384
380
Graph of Constant Composition Expansion Data
1.0000
0.9950
0.9900
0.9850
0.9800
0.9750
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Pressure, psig
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Bogot, Colombia
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Pressure Range Mean

5000 4000 4.77 x 10 -6
4000 3000 4.69 x 10 -6
3000 2000 4.74 x 10 -6
2000 500 5.45 x 10 -6
500 364 6.62 x 10 -6
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Bogot, Colombia
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(psi-1 x 10-6) (2)
5000 0.9770 4.84

4000 0.9817 4.72
3000 0.9863 4.69
2000 0.9910 4.84
1000 0.9961 5.58
900 0.9966 5.74
800 0.9972 5.94
700 0.9978 6.18
600 0.9984 6.48
500 0.9991 6.87
400 0.9998 7.40
362
360
357
355
352
1.0000
0.9950
0.9900
0.9850
0.9800
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Pressure, psig
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Bogot, Colombia
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Pressure Range Mean

5000 4000 3.94 x 10 -6
4000 3000 4.21 x 10 -6
3000 2000 4.51 x 10 -6
2000 500 5.10 x 10 -6
500 345 5.42 x 10 -6
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Bogot, Colombia
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(psi-1 x 10-6) (2)
5000 0.9791 3.79

4000 0.9829 4.08
3000 0.9871 4.35
2000 0.9916 4.68
1000 0.9964 5.21
900 0.9970 5.30
800 0.9975 5.39
700 0.9980 5.50
600 0.9986 5.64
500 0.9992 5.79
400 0.9997 6.00
343
341
339
337
335
1.0000
0.9950
0.9900
0.9850
0.9800
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Pressure, psig
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Bogot, Colombia
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Section E - Differential Vaporization (DV)
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Core Laboratories
Bogot, Colombia
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Differential Vaporization at 238F
Solution Relative Relative Deviation Gas Incremental

Pressure Gas-Oil Oil Total Density Factor Formation Gas
(psig) Ratio Volume Volume (g cm-3) (Z) Volume Gravity
Rs(1) Bod(2) Btd(3) Factor (4) (Air = 1.000)
524 174 1.197 1.197 0.7602 Saturation Pressure

400 159 1.189 1.314 0.7636 0.964 0.04588 0.749
200 120 1.171 2.045 0.7691 0.980 0.09012 0.828
100 94 1.156 3.584 0.7742 0.989 0.17017 0.959
0 0 1.091 0.7906 1.605
At 60F = 1.000
Residual Oil Properties
Density of residual oil 0.8623 g cm-3 at 60F
API 32.4
(1) GOR in cubic feet of gas at 14.70 psia and 60F per barrel of residual oil at 60F.
(2) Volume of oil at indicated pressure and temperature per volume of residual oil at 60F.
(3) Volume of oil plus liberated gas at indicated pressure and temperature per volume of residual oil at 60F.
(4) Volume of gas at indicated pressure and temperature per volume at 14.70 psia and 60F.
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Core Laboratories E.1
Bogot, Colombia
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Graphs of Differential Vaporization
Solution Gas-Oil Ratio v Pressure
200
180
160
Gas-Oil Ratio, scf/res.bbl
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520
Pressure, psig
Relative Oil Volume v Pressure
1.220
1.200
1.180
Relative Oil Volume, V/Vr
1.160
1.140
1.120
1.100
1.080
1.060
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520
Pressure, psig
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Bogot, Colombia
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Compositional Analysis of Differential Vaporization Gases to C11+
Sample I.D.
Test Stage 1 2 3 4
Stage Pressure (psig) 400 200 100 0
Component (Mole%)
H2 Hydrogen 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

H2S Hydrogen Sulphide 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CO2 Carbon Dioxide 2.43 2.69 2.96 1.11
N2 Nitrogen 1.46 0.90 0.62 0.22
C1 Methane 80.15 74.22 64.94 35.90
C2 Ethane 9.43 11.67 14.16 12.35
C3 Propane 1.64 3.02 4.55 9.44
iC4 i-Butane 0.72 1.10 1.81 3.69
nC4 n-Butane 1.10 1.53 2.85 7.85
iC5 i-Pentane 0.61 1.05 1.92 5.70
nC5 n-Pentane 0.57 0.89 1.92 5.89
C6 Hexanes 0.82 1.41 2.04 7.83
C7 Heptanes 0.54 0.85 1.41 5.44
C8 Octanes 0.40 0.52 0.68 3.60
C9 Nonanes 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.99
C10 Decanes 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.01
C11+ Undecanes plus 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00
_____ _____ _____ _____
Totals : 100.00 100.00 101.00 100.00
Calculated Gas Properties
Gas Gravity 0.749 0.828 0.959 1.605

(Air = 1.000)
Note: 0.00 means less than 0.005.
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Bogot, Colombia
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Compositional Analysis of Differential Vaporization Residue to C36+

C1 Methane 0.00 0.00
C2 Ethane 0.07 0.01
C10 Decanes 7.16 4.45
C11 Undecanes 5.95 3.89
C12 Dodecanes 5.21 3.73
C13 Tridecanes 5.53 4.30
C14 Tetradecanes 4.78 4.04
C15 Pentadecanes 4.74 4.34
C16 Hexadecanes 3.81 3.76
C17 Heptadecanes 3.42 3.60
C18 Octadecanes 3.43 3.83
C19 Nonadecanes 2.94 3.44
C20 Eicosanes 2.36 2.89
C21 Heneicosanes 2.13 2.76
C22 Docosanes 1.89 2.57
C23 Tricosanes 1.75 2.48
C24 Tetracosanes 1.58 2.32
C25 Pentacosanes 1.45 2.23
C26 Hexacosanes 1.28 2.04
C27 Heptacosanes 1.23 2.04
C28 Octacosanes 1.13 1.95
C29 Nonacosanes 1.09 1.94
C30 Triacontanes 0.98 1.82
C31 Hentriacontanes 0.92 1.75
C32 Dotriacontanes 0.77 1.52
C33 Tritriacontanes 0.69 1.40
C34 Tetratriacontanes 0.64 1.34
C35 Pentatriacontanes 0.60 1.29
C36+ Hexatriacontanes plus 4.66 15.26
_____ _____
Totals : 100.00 100.00
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Bogot, Colombia
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Compositional Analysis of Differential Vaporization Residue to C36+
Calculated Residue Properties
C7+ Mole% 96.12

C11+ Mole% 64.96

C20+ Mole% 25.15

C36+ Mole % 4.66

Calculated Whole Sample Properties
Average mole weight (g mol-1) 225

Density at 60F (g cm-3) [Measured] 0.8623
API 32.4
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Bogot, Colombia
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Differential Vaporization Data Converted to Production Separator Conditions
Oil Solution Formation Gas Formation

Pressure Density Gas/Oil Volume Volume
(psig) (g cm-3) (scf / bbl) Factor Factor
Rs(1) Bo(1) Bg(2)
5000 0.7891 1.126

4000 0.7834 1.134
3000 0.7773 1.143
2000 0.7707 1.153
1000 0.7633 1.164
900 0.7625 1.165
800 0.7618 1.167
700 0.7610 1.168
600 0.7604 1.169
524 Saturation pressure 0.7602 143 1.169
400 0.7636 128 1.161 0.04588
200 0.7691 90 1.143 0.09012
100 0.7742 65 1.129 0.17017
Notes:
(1) Differential data corrected to surface separator conditions of :-
Stage 1 60 psig and 200F

Rs = Rsfb - (Rsdb - Rsd) x (Bofb / Bodb)
Bo = Bod x (Bofb/Bodb)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Bogot, Colombia
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Differential Vaporization Data Converted to Production Separator Conditions
Oil Solution Formation Gas Formation

Pressure Density Gas/Oil Volume Volume
(psig) (g cm-3) (scf / bbl) Factor Factor
Rs(1) Bo(1) Bg(2)
5000 0.7891 1.137

4000 0.7834 1.145
3000 0.7773 1.154
2000 0.7707 1.164
1000 0.7633 1.175
900 0.7625 1.176
800 0.7618 1.178
700 0.7610 1.179
600 0.7604 1.180
524 Saturation pressure 0.7602 146 1.180
400 0.7636 131 1.172 0.04588
200 0.7691 92 1.154 0.09012
100 0.7742 67 1.140 0.17017
Notes:
(1) Differential data corrected to surface separator conditions of :-

Rs = Rsfb - (Rsdb - Rsd) x (Bofb / Bodb)
Bo = Bod x (Bofb/Bodb)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Bogot, Colombia
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Section F - Wellhead Fluid Viscosity Data
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Core Laboratories
Bogot, Colombia
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Wellhead Fluid Viscosity Data at 238F
Pressure Oil Calculated Oil/Gas

(psig) Viscosity Gas Viscosity Viscosity
(cP) (cP) (1) Ratio
5000 1.280
4091 Reservoir pressure 1.211
4000 1.204
3000 1.124
2000 1.043
1000 0.962
600 0.932
400 0.963 0.0139 69.1
200 1.046 0.0133 78.4
100 1.116 0.0127 88.1
0 1.520
(1) Calculated using the method of Lee, Gonzales and Eakin, JPT, Aug 1966.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Core Laboratories F.1
Bogot, Colombia
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Graphs of Wellhead Fluid Viscosity Data at 238F
Oil Viscosity Vs Pressure
1.600
1.500
1.400
Oil viscosity, cPs
1.300
1.200
1.100
1.000
0.900
0.800
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560
Pressurre, psig
Single-phase Fluid Viscosity Vs Pressure
1.400
Single-phase Viscosity, cPs
1.200
1.000
0.800
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Pressurre, psig
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Core Laboratories F.2
Bogot, Colombia
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Section G - Separator Test Data
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Core Laboratories
Bogot, Colombia
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Data from Separator Test 1
Gas-Oil Gas-Oil Oil Formation Separation Gas Gravity

Pressure Temperature Ratio Ratio Density Volume Volume of flashed gas
(psig) (F) Rsfb (g cm-3) Factor Factor (Air = 1.000)
(1) (2) Bofb (3) (4)
524 238 - 143 0.7602 1.169 Saturation Pressure
60 200 110 115 0.8302 1.045 0.968 *

0 200 26 28 0.8014 1.071 1.596
API 33.3
Note :
* Evolved gas collected and analysed to C11+.
(1) GOR in cubic feet of gas at 14.70 psia and 60F per barrel of oil at indicated pressure and temperature.
(2) GOR in cubic feet of gas at 14.70 psia and 60F per barrel of stocktank oil at 60F.
(3) Volume of saturated oil at 524 psig and 238F per volume of stocktank oil at 60F.
(4) Volume of oil at indicated pressure and temperature per volume of stocktank oil at 60F.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Core Laboratories G.1
Bogot, Colombia
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Compositional Analysis of Separator Test Gas to C11+
Sampling Date 05-Oct-2006

Sample Description Cao Rondon-1 - 60psi Sep Test - First Stage Gas
Cylinder Number 59386D
Sampling Conditions 60.0 psig @ 200.0F

C1 Methane 66.50 38.32
C2 Ethane 11.95 12.90
C10 Decanes 0.11 0.53
C11+ Undecanes plus 0.01 0.05
______ ______
Totals : 100.00 100.00
Calculated Residue Properties Mole Weight Density
(g mol-1) (g cm-3 @ 60F )
C7+ Heptanes plus 107.4 0.7004
C8+ Octanes plus 119.5 0.7195
C10+ Decanes plus 135.1 0.7790
Calculated Whole Gas Properties
Real Relative Density 0.9683 (Air=1 @ 14.73 psia & 60F)
Whole Sample Mole Weight 27.85 g mol-1
Real Gas Density 1.1866 kg m-3 @ 15C
Ideal Gross Calorific Value 1581.8 BTU.ft-3 @ 14.73psia, 60F
Ideal Net Calorific Value 1443.7 BTU.ft-3 @ 14.73psia, 60F
Pseudo Critical Press. 652.5 psia
Pseudo Critical Temp. 456.5 Rankine
Gas Compressibility Factor, Z 0.9930 @ 14.73 psia & 60F
Gas Viscosity 0.012 cP
GPM (C2+) 9.673
GPM (C3+) 6.491
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Bogot, Colombia
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Data from Separator Test 2
Gas-Oil Gas-Oil Oil Formation Separation Gas Gravity

Pressure Temperature Ratio Ratio Density Volume Volume of flashed gas
(psig) (F) Rsfb (g cm-3) Factor Factor (Air = 1.000)
(1) (2) Bofb (3) (4)
524 238 - 146 0.7602 1.180 Saturation Pressure
30 200 84 131 0.5574 1.552 1.104 *

0 200 14 15 0.8033 1.070 1.584
API 32.9
Note :
* Evolved gas collected and analysed to C11+.
(1) GOR in cubic feet of gas at 14.70 psia and 60F per barrel of oil at indicated pressure and temperature.
(2) GOR in cubic feet of gas at 14.70 psia and 60F per barrel of stocktank oil at 60F.
(3) Volume of saturated oil at 524 psig and 238F per volume of stocktank oil at 60F.
(4) Volume of oil at indicated pressure and temperature per volume of stocktank oil at 60F.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Bogot, Colombia
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Compositional Analysis of Separator Test Gas to C11+
Sampling Date 05-Oct-2006

Sample Description Cao Rondon-1 - 30psi Sep Test - First Stage Gas
Cylinder Number 59386D
Sampling Conditions 30.0 psig @ 200.0F

C1 Methane 60.55 30.69
C2 Ethane 12.15 11.54
C10 Decanes 0.26 1.10
______ ______
Totals : 100.00 100.00
Calculated Residue Properties Mole Weight Density
(g mol-1) (g cm-3 @ 60F )
C7+ Heptanes plus 109.1 0.7035
C8+ Octanes plus 120.3 0.7210
C10+ Decanes plus 134.9 0.7788
Calculated Whole Gas Properties
Real Relative Density 1.1038 (Air=1 @ 14.73 psia & 60F)
Whole Sample Mole Weight 31.66 g mol-1
Real Gas Density 1.3532 kg m-3 @ 15C
Ideal Gross Calorific Value 1790.1 BTU.ft-3 @ 14.73psia, 60F
Ideal Net Calorific Value 1638.0 BTU.ft-3 @ 14.73psia, 60F
Pseudo Critical Press. 640.5 psia
Pseudo Critical Temp. 487.9 Rankine
Gas Compressibility Factor, Z 0.9905 @ 14.73 psia & 60F
Gas Viscosity 0.011 cP
GPM (C2+) 12.042
GPM (C3+) 8.807
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Bogot, Colombia
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Section H - Appendix
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Core Laboratories
Bogot, Colombia
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Data Used in Gas Compositional Calculations
Component Mole Weight Density Component Mole Weight Density

(g mol-1) (g cm-3 at 60F) (g mol-1) (g cm-3 at 60F)
Hydrogen * 2.016 N/A 33DMC5 * 100.20 0.6954

Oxygen/(Argon) ** 31.999 1.1410 Cyclohexane * 84.16 0.7827
Nitrogen (Corrected) ** 28.013 0.8086 2MC6/23DMC5 * 100.20 0.6917
Methane ** 16.043 0.2997 11DMCYC5/3MC6 * 99.20 0.7253
Carbon Dioxide ** 44.010 0.8172 t13DMCYC5 * 98.19 0.7528
Ethane ** 30.070 0.3558 c13DMCYC5/3EC5 * 99.20 0.7262
Hydrogen Sulphide ** 34.080 0.8006 t12DMCYC5 * 98.19 0.7554
Propane ** 44.097 0.5065 Heptanes (nC7) * 100.20 0.6875
i-Butane ** 58.123 0.5623 22DMC6 * 114.23 0.6994
n-Butane ** 58.123 0.5834 MCYC6 * 98.19 0.7740
Neo-Pentane * 72.15 0.5968 ECYC5 * 98.19 0.7704
i-Pentane ** 72.150 0.6238 223TMC5/24&25DMC6 * 114.23 0.7060
n-Pentane ** 72.150 0.6305 ctc124TMCYC5 * 112.21 0.7511
22DMC4 * 86.18 0.6529 ctc123TMCYC5 * 112.21 0.7574
23DMC4/CYC5 * 78.16 0.7129 Toluene * 92.14 0.8734
2MC5 * 86.18 0.6572 Octanes (nC8) * 114.23 0.7063
3MC5 * 86.18 0.6682 E-Benzene * 106.17 0.8735
Hexanes (nC6) * 86.18 0.6631 M/P-Xylene * 106.17 0.8671
22DMC5 * 100.20 0.6814 O-Xylene * 106.17 0.8840
M-C-Pentane * 84.16 0.7533 Nonanes (nC9) * 128.26 0.7212
24DMC5 * 100.20 0.6757 Decanes *** 134 0.778
223TMC4 * 100.20 0.6947 Undecanes *** 147 0.789
Benzene * 78.11 0.8820 Dodecanes *** 161 0.800
Data Source Refs :
* ASTM Data Series Publication DS 4B (1991) - Physical Constants of Hydrocarbon and Non-Hydrocarbon
Compounds.
** GPA Table of Physical Constants of Paraffin Hydrocarbons and Other Components of Natural Gas,
GPA 2145-96.
*** Journal of Petroleum Technology, Nov 1978, Pages 1649-1655.

Predicting Phase Behaviour of Condensate/Crude Oil Systems Using Methane Interaction Coefficients
- D.L. Katz & A. Firoozabadi.
Note :
The gas mole % compositions were calculated from the measured weight % compositions using
the most detailed analysis results, involving as many of the above components as were identified.
The reported component mole % compositions were then sub-grouped into the generic carbon
number components.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Core Laboratories H.1
Bogot, Colombia
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Data Used in Oil Compositional Calculations
Component Mole Weight Density Component Mole Weight Density

(g mol-1) (g cm-3 at 60F) (g mol-1) (g cm-3 at 60F)
Hydrogen * 2.016 N/A Undecanes *** 147 0.789

Hyd. sulphide ** 34.080 0.8006 Dodecanes *** 161 0.800
Carbon Dioxide ** 44.010 0.8172 Tridecanes *** 175 0.811
Nitrogen ** 28.013 0.8086 Tetradecanes *** 190 0.822
Methane ** 16.043 0.2997 Pentadecanes *** 206 0.832
Ethane ** 30.070 0.3558 Hexadecanes *** 222 0.839
Propane ** 44.097 0.5065 Heptadecanes *** 237 0.847
i-Butane ** 58.123 0.5623 Octadecanes *** 251 0.852
n-Butane ** 58.123 0.5834 Nonadecanes *** 263 0.857
i-Pentane ** 72.150 0.6238 Eicosanes *** 275 0.862
n-Pentane ** 72.150 0.6305 Heneicosanes *** 291 0.867
Hexanes ** 86.177 0.6634 Docosanes *** 305 0.872
Me-cyclo-pentane * 84.16 0.7533 Tricosanes *** 318 0.877
Benzene * 78.11 0.8820 Tetracosanes *** 331 0.881
Cyclo-hexane * 84.16 0.7827 Pentacosanes *** 345 0.885
Heptanes ** 100.204 0.6874 Hexacosanes *** 359 0.889
Me-cyclo-hexane * 98.19 0.7740 Heptacosanes *** 374 0.893
Toluene * 92.14 0.8734 Octacosanes *** 388 0.896
Octanes ** 114.231 0.7061 Nonacosanes *** 402 0.899
Ethyl-benzene * 106.17 0.8735 Triacontanes *** 416 0.902
Meta/Para-xylene * 106.17 0.8671 Hentriacontanes *** 430 0.906
Ortho-xylene * 106.17 0.8840 Dotriacontanes *** 444 0.909
Nonanes ** 128.258 0.7212 Tritriacontanes *** 458 0.912
1-2-4-T-M-benzene * 120.19 0.8797 Tetratriacontanes *** 472 0.914
Decanes ** 142.285 0.7334 Pentatriacontanes *** 486 0.917
Data Source Refs :
* ASTM Data Series Publication DS 4B (1991) - Physical Constants of Hydrocarbon and Non-Hydrocarbon
Compounds.
** GPA Table of Physical Constants of Paraffin Hydrocarbons and Other Components of Natural Gas
GPA 2145-96.
*** Journal of Petroleum Technology, Nov 1978, Pages 1649-1655.

Predicting Phase Behaviour of Condensate/Crude Oil Systems Using Methane Interaction Coefficients
- D.L. Katz & A. Firoozabadi.
Note :
The residue mole weight and density values ( eg heptanes plus, undecanes plus, eicosanes plus)
are calculated so that the calculated average mole weights and densities correspond with the
measured values. This can lead to anomalous residue mole weights and densities where the Katz
and Firoozabadi values may not be suitable for the isomer groups detected.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Core Laboratories H.2
Bogot, Colombia

Caño Rondon 1 PVT

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Reservoir Fluid Study

Cao Rondon-1 Well, Form.: Mirador / K2A1

October 16th, 2006

Attention : Eng. Aldo Caliz

Subject: Reservoir Fluid Study

Section A - Summary of PVT Methods and Data Page

Section B - Summary of Samples Received and Validation Data

Section C - Compositional Analysis of Wellhead Fluid Sample to C36+

Section D - Constant Composition Expansion

Section E - Differential Vaporization

Section F - Wellhead Fluid Viscosity Data

Section G - Separator Test Data

Section A - Summary of PVT Analysis Methods and Data

Summary of Analysis Methods

Pressurized Fluid Composition

Summary of Analysis Methods (Continuation)

Calculation of Mole% Compositions and Plus Fraction Properties

Constant Composition Expansion

Summary of Analysis Methods (Continuation)

Reservoir Fluid Viscosity

Summary of PVT Data

Constant Composition Expansion at Laboratory Ambient Temperature (68 F)

Average single phase compressibility 8.71 x 10 -6 psi-1

Thermal expansion at 5000 psig 1.0808 vol / vol

Density at saturation pressure 0.7602 g cm-3

Viscosity at saturation pressure 0.927 centipoise at 524 psig

Section B - Summary of Samples Received and Validation Data

Reported Well and Sampling Information

Reservoir and Well Information

Field......................................................................... Cao Rondon

Formation................................................................. Mirador / K2A1

Date sampled........................................................... 11-Jul-06 & 12-Jul-06

Wellhead pressure................................................... 415 psia

Separator pressure ................................................. *

Pressure base.......................................................... 14.7 psia

Separator gas rate................................................... *

Summary of Samples Received

1.1 -- -- -- -- -- 500 500 100.0

1.2 -- -- -- -- -- 500 500 100.0

2.1 59437D 415 120.0 355 72 10 630 0.5

2.2 59386D 415 120.0 349 73 5 660 0.3

Section C - Compositional Analysis of Wellhead Fluid Sample to C36+

Compositional Analysis of Wellhead Sample to C36 plus

Component Mole % Weight %

Compositional Analysis of Wellhead Sample to C36 plus

Calculated Residue Properties

C7 plus Mole % 69.74

C11 plus Mole % 45.66

C20 plus Mole % 17.24

C36 plus Mole % 3.24

Calculated Whole Sample Properties

Average mole weight (g mol-1) 167

Section D - Constant Composition Expansion (CCE)

Constant Composition Expansion at 238F

Single-phase Fluid Properties

Saturation pressure (bubble-point pressure) 524 psig

Thermal expansion factor of single phase fluid at 5000 psig

Average single phase compressibility

Density at saturation pressure 0.7602 g cm-3

Mean Single-phase Compressibilities

Pressure Range Mean

5000 4000 6.85 x 10 -6

4000 3000 7.35 x 10 -6