E (kN/cm2) 20000 20000 20000 20000 20000 20000

L (cm) 200 200 200 400 400 400

K 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.7 1.0
h B t=r A Imin rmin Pcr Pcr Pcr Pcr Pcr Pcr
(mm) (mm) (mm) (cm2) (cm4) (cm) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
50 25 1.52 1.43 0.49 0.58 9.67 4.93 2.42 2.42 1.23 0.60
50 25 1.90 1.76 0.57 0.57 11.25 5.74 2.81 2.81 1.44 0.70
50 25 2.28 2.08 0.63 0.55 12.44 6.34 3.11 3.11 1.59 0.78
50 25 2.66 2.38 0.68 0.53 13.42 6.85 3.36 3.36 1.71 0.84
50 25 3.04 2.68 0.71 0.52 14.01 7.15 3.50 3.50 1.79 0.88
75 40 1.52 2.27 2.08 0.96 41.06 20.95 10.26 10.26 5.24 2.57
75 40 1.90 2.80 2.50 0.94 49.35 25.18 12.34 12.34 6.29 3.08
75 40 2.28 3.33 2.89 0.93 57.05 29.11 14.26 14.26 7.28 3.57
75 40 2.66 3.85 3.23 0.92 63.76 32.53 15.94 15.94 8.13 3.98
75 40 3.04 4.35 3.53 0.90 69.68 35.55 17.42 17.42 8.89 4.35
75 40 3.42 4.84 3.78 0.88 74.61 38.07 18.65 18.65 9.52 4.66
75 40 3.80 5.32 4.00 0.87 78.96 40.28 19.74 19.74 10.07 4.93
75 40 4.18 5.79 4.17 0.85 82.31 42.00 20.58 20.58 10.50 5.14
75 40 4.76 6.49 4.93 0.87 97.31 49.65 24.33 24.33 12.41 6.08
100 40 1.52 2.65 2.54 0.98 50.14 25.58 12.53 12.53 6.40 3.13
100 40 1.90 3.28 3.08 0.97 60.80 31.02 15.20 15.20 7.75 3.80
100 40 2.28 3.90 3.57 0.96 70.47 35.95 17.62 17.62 8.99 4.40
100 40 2.66 4.51 4.02 0.94 79.35 40.49 19.84 19.84 10.12 4.96
100 40 3.04 5.11 4.43 0.93 87.44 44.61 21.86 21.86 11.15 5.47
100 40 3.42 5.70 4.79 0.92 94.55 48.24 23.64 23.64 12.06 5.91
100 40 3.80 6.27 5.10 0.90 100.67 51.36 25.17 25.17 12.84 6.29
100 40 4.18 6.84 5.36 0.89 105.80 53.98 26.45 26.45 13.50 6.61
100 40 4.76 7.68 6.24 0.90 123.17 62.84 30.79 30.79 15.71 7.70
100 50 1.52 2.95 4.38 1.22 86.46 44.11 21.61 21.61 11.03 5.40
100 50 1.90 3.66 5.33 1.21 105.21 53.68 26.30 26.30 13.42 6.58
100 50 2.28 4.36 6.22 1.20 122.78 62.64 30.69 30.69 15.66 7.67
100 50 2.66 5.04 7.05 1.18 139.16 71.00 34.79 34.79 17.75 8.70
100 50 3.04 5.72 7.81 1.17 154.16 78.65 38.54 38.54 19.66 9.64
100 50 3.42 6.38 8.50 1.15 167.78 85.60 41.95 41.95 21.40 10.49
100 50 3.80 7.03 9.12 1.14 180.02 91.85 45.01 45.01 22.96 11.25
100 50 4.18 7.67 9.67 1.12 190.88 97.39 47.72 47.72 24.35 11.93
100 50 4.76 8.63 10.96 1.13 216.34 110.38 54.09 54.09 27.59 13.52
127 50 1.52 3.36 5.12 1.23 101.06 51.56 25.27 25.27 12.89 6.32
127 50 1.90 4.17 6.25 1.22 123.37 62.94 30.84 30.84 15.74 7.71
127 50 2.28 4.97 7.32 1.21 144.49 73.72 36.12 36.12 18.43 9.03
127 50 2.66 5.76 8.33 1.20 164.43 83.89 41.11 41.11 20.97 10.28
127 50 3.04 6.54 9.27 1.19 182.98 93.36 45.75 45.75 23.34 11.44
127 50 3.42 7.31 10.13 1.18 199.96 102.02 49.99 49.99 25.50 12.50
127 50 3.80 8.06 10.93 1.16 215.75 110.08 53.94 53.94 27.52 13.48
127 50 4.18 8.80 11.65 1.15 229.96 117.33 57.49 57.49 29.33 14.37
127 50 4.76 9.92 13.18 1.15 260.16 132.74 65.04 65.04 33.18 16.26
150 50 1.90 4.61 6.86 1.22 135.41 69.09 33.85 33.85 17.27 8.46
150 50 2.28 5.50 8.05 1.21 158.90 81.07 39.73 39.73 20.27 9.93
150 50 2.66 6.37 9.17 1.20 181.01 92.35 45.25 45.25 23.09 11.31
150 50 3.04 7.24 10.23 1.19 201.93 103.03 50.48 50.48 25.76 12.62
150 50 3.42 8.09 11.22 1.18 221.47 113.00 55.37 55.37 28.25 13.84
150 50 3.80 8.93 12.13 1.17 239.44 122.16 59.86 59.86 30.54 14.96
150 50 4.18 9.76 12.97 1.15 256.02 130.62 64.00 64.00 32.66 16.00
150 50 4.76 11.01 14.69 1.16 289.97 147.94 72.49 72.49 36.99 18.12
200 50 1.90 4.36 7.84 1.19 154.76 78.96 38.69 38.69 19.74 9.67
200 50 2.28 5.21 9.24 1.18 182.39 93.06 45.60 45.60 23.26 11.40
200 50 2.66 6.05 10.56 1.17 208.45 106.35 52.11 52.11 26.59 13.03
200 50 3.04 6.88 11.83 1.16 233.51 119.14 58.38 58.38 29.79 14.59
200 50 3.42 7.69 13.02 1.15 257.00 131.12 64.25 64.25 32.78 16.06
200 50 3.80 8.50 14.14 1.14 279.11 142.40 69.78 69.78 35.60 17.44
200 50 4.18 9.31 15.19 1.13 299.84 152.98 74.96 74.96 38.24 18.74
200 50 4.76 10.51 17.23 1.13 340.11 173.52 85.03 85.03 43.38 21.26
20000 20000 20000 20000 20000 20000 L=200cm, K=0,5
600 600 600 800 800 800
400
0.5 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.7 1.0
350
Pcr Pcr Pcr Pcr Pcr Pcr
300
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) 250
1.07 0.55 0.27 0.60 0.31 0.15
Pcr (kN)

200
1.25 0.64 0.31 0.70 0.36 0.18
150
1.38 0.70 0.35 0.78 0.40 0.19
100
1.49 0.76 0.37 0.84 0.43 0.21
50
1.56 0.79 0.39 0.88 0.45 0.22
4.56 2.33 1.14 2.57 1.31 0.64 0
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20
5.48 2.80 1.37 3.08 1.57 0.77 r min (cm)
6.34 3.23 1.58 3.57 1.82 0.89
7.08 3.61 1.77 3.98 2.03 1.00
7.74 3.95 1.94 4.35 2.22 1.09
8.29 4.23 2.07 4.66 2.38 1.17 L=400cm, K=0,5
8.77 4.48 2.19 4.93 2.52 1.23
90
9.15 4.67 2.29 5.14 2.62 1.29 80
10.81 5.52 2.70 6.08 3.10 1.52 70
5.57 2.84 1.39 3.13 1.60 0.78 60
6.76 3.45 1.69 3.80 1.94 0.95 50
Pcr (kN)

7.83 3.99 1.96 4.40 2.25 1.10 40

8.82 4.50 2.20 4.96 2.53 1.24 30
9.72 4.96 2.43 5.47 2.79 1.37 20
10.51 5.36 2.63 5.91 3.02 1.48 10
11.19 5.71 2.80 6.29 3.21 1.57 0
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20
r min (cm)
 30
20
10
0
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20
11.76 6.00 2.94 6.61 3.37 1.65
13.69 6.98 3.42 7.70 3.93 1.92 r min (cm)
9.61 4.90 2.40 5.40 2.76 1.35
11.69 5.96 2.92 6.58 3.35 1.64
13.64 6.96 3.41 7.67 3.92 1.92
15.46 7.89 3.87 8.70 4.44 2.17 L=600cm, K=0,5
17.13 8.74 4.28 9.64 4.92 2.41 40
18.64 9.51 4.66 10.49 5.35 2.62
35
20.00 10.21 5.00 11.25 5.74 2.81
30
21.21 10.82 5.30 11.93 6.09 2.98
25
24.04 12.26 6.01 13.52 6.90 3.38

Pcr (kN)
11.23 5.73 2.81 6.32 3.22 1.58 20

13.71 6.99 3.43 7.71 3.93 1.93 15

16.05 8.19 4.01 9.03 4.61 2.26 10
18.27 9.32 4.57 10.28 5.24 2.57 5
20.33 10.37 5.08 11.44 5.83 2.86 0
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20
22.22 11.34 5.55 12.50 6.38 3.12
23.97 12.23 5.99 13.48 6.88 3.37 r min (cm)
25.55 13.04 6.39 14.37 7.33 3.59
28.91 14.75 7.23 16.26 8.30 4.07
15.05 7.68 3.76 8.46 4.32 2.12
17.66 9.01 4.41 9.93 5.07 2.48 L=800cm, K=0,5
20.11 10.26 5.03 11.31 5.77 2.83
25
22.44 11.45 5.61 12.62 6.44 3.16
24.61 12.56 6.15 13.84 7.06 3.46 20
26.60 13.57 6.65 14.96 7.64 3.74
28.45 14.51 7.11 16.00 8.16 4.00 15
Pcr (kN)

32.22 16.44 8.05 18.12 9.25 4.53

10
17.20 8.77 4.30 9.67 4.93 2.42
20.27 10.34 5.07 11.40 5.82 2.85 5
23.16 11.82 5.79 13.03 6.65 3.26
25.95 13.24 6.49 14.59 7.45 3.65 0
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20
28.56 14.57 7.14 16.06 8.20 4.02
31.01 15.82 7.75 17.44 8.90 4.36 r min (cm)
33.32 17.00 8.33 18.74 9.56 4.68
37.79 19.28 9.45 21.26 10.85 5.31
=0,5 L=200cm, K=0,7
200
180
160
140
120
Pcr (kN)

100
80
60
40
20
0
0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30

cm) r min (cm)

=0,5 L=400cm, K=0,7

50
45
40
35
30
Pcr (kN)

25
20
15
10
5
0
0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30

cm) r min (cm)

 15
10
5
0
0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30

cm) r min (cm)

=0,5 L=600cm, K=0,7

25

20

15
Pcr (kN)

10

0
0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30

cm) r min (cm)

=0,5 L=800cm, K=0,7

12

10

8
Pcr (kN)

0
0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30

cm) r min (cm)

 L=200cm, K=1,0
90
80
70
60
50
Pcr (kN)

40
30
20
10
0
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30
r min (cm)

L=400cm, K=1,0
25

20

15
Pcr (kN)

10

0
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30
r min (cm)
 5

0
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30
r min (cm)

L=600cm, K=1,0
10
9
8
7
6
Pcr (kN)

5
4
3
2
1
0
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30
r min (cm)

L=800cm, K=1,0
6

4
Pcr (kN)

0
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30
r min (cm)