dahl

DEF()

--

ex.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

()

( )
Philippe Schmitter(1974)
Corporation can be defined as a system of interest representation in which the constituent units are organized

into a limited number of singular, compulsory, () noncompetitive , hierarchically ordered and functionally

differentiated categories, recognized or licensed (if not created) by the state and granted a deliberate
representational monopoly within their respective categories in exchange for observing certain controls on
their selection of leaders and articulation of demands and supports.

()

Corporatism corporativism,,

corpus

1.

()

2.

Soft money:

()

1.

A. ()

(ex.)

 (5%)

B. 70%/*30 +A 70% *30 +A

A= 1000 3000 5000 1

2.

3. ()

4. ()

3.

()

1970

1973

185.

()
4.

()

ARP

AIPIC

NRA

NAACT

5. ()

[]

(structional access)

p.186

importante

1.

()

) 1970

2.

 revolving door

3.

NAACP

1954 case()

4.

()

5.

6.

part

()

p.192


PP

p.191 classic work

Mancur Olson 1965 the logic of collective action public goods and theory of group

1. if everyone in a group (of any size) has interests in common, then they will act collectively to achieve
them; and
2. in a democracy the greatest concern is that the majority will tyrannize and exploit the minority.

olson

free rider

()

free rider

key word free rider

1982

( VS )

(INTERNALLY-CREATE PARTY)

A.

B.

()

()

20-40 new-deal

Party realignment

C.

D. ()

NGO

 E.

a.

b.

c.

F.

)()

vs.

3000

weibo

A.

a.


b.

c.

d.

i. ---

19c

ii. Closed primaries

iii. Open primaries

B.

()

MAS IMPORTANTE

()

Unified government 2008

Divided government

()

Majority government (a.d.e.f)

Coalition government (c.d.e.f)
Majority coalition government (d e f)
Minority government (b c )
A. Single-party majority government 2010

B. Single-party minority government

2000-2008(?)

C. Minority-coalition government

D. Minial-winning coalition government

()

Size principle No surplus members, every member is pivotal.

Winning coalition:(MWC)

A 40 B 35 C 12 D 6 E 5 F 2 ()

[A B] [A C] [B C D] [B C E] [A D E]

[A B] [A C] [A D E]

[A B] [B C D] [B C E]


50%

AC E DAC B F ()

Ex.-----()

E. Over-sized coalition government

F. Grand coalition government

---

Care-taker government

()SP

or ()

SP

SP

( 4p)

 C.

D.

----

p.183 527

() ( ) ()

A.

B.

C.

A. ( )

A. Missionary party

B. Broker party

P.205 or

Centripetal

Centrifugal

p.205
Hung ParliamentMinority Parliament

Balanced Parliament

2010 5 6 36

13

()

A.

20C

B. ()

satori

PRI

C.

D.
 ( )

()

Stability

Accountability

Representation

Fairness

E. ()

:()

F. ()

Key concept


a. Governing potential

b. Blackmail potential

competition

Sartori, 1981, pp.119-

130

() (non-competitive party system)

A.One-party system

i.one-party totalitarian system

ii. one-party authoritarian system ()

iii. one-party pragmatic system

B.hegemonic party system

i. ideological hegemoni system

ii. pragmatic hegemoni system ()

()(competitive party system)

predominant one-party system

two-party system

moderate(limited) multi-party system

(3-5 )

extreme (polarized)multi-party system

1930s

atomized multi-party system

Q:

() ---


A Douglas Rae ()

90% 70%

70%

90% 70%( 50% 20% 30%

1
(Laakso and taagepera ) N= 2

DUVERGERS LAW

1. The plurality rule tends to produce a two-party system

()

2. Proportional representation tends to lead to the formation of many independenct parties(

3. The two-ballot majority system tends to produce multipartism tempered by alliances

()

1992

( )

Paradox of Not-voting (U1)

(U2)(U3)

(U4)

U2

(compulsory voting)

1892

()

Who votes?


A.

a.

b. Ronald Inglehart

[]

----

(WVS)

B.

2008 obama

C.

30-40


1971 18 18

27 () 1791

25

27

D.

E.

()

CLASSIC WORKS
Anthony Downs: An Economic Theory Of Democracy

(skip)

V.o.Key

A. Maintaining elections

B. Realigning elections


A party realignment involes 4 basic elements:

1. The disruption of the existing political order because of the emergence of one or more usually

powerful and divisive issues.

2. An election contest in which the voters shift their support strongly in favor of one party.

3. A major changes in policy through the action of the stronger party

4. An enduring change in the party coalitions which works to the lasting advantage of the dominant
party

PARTY DEALIGNMENT

A situation in which voters partisan loyalties have been substantially and permanently wealened.

C. Deviating elections ()

P.225 Key concept

Unimodel ()

Bimodel
 1990

( 11 )

4.

5.

P.266

()

()

1960 VS.

which set an idea in images

Rational choiceRetrospective Voting

model (

)()

Economic votingProspective Voting

1992 92

()

(winning coalition) group

Key concept

()

---- The median voter theory

"single-peaked preference""double-peaked preference"

( ppt)