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On 29 May 1990 he was elected the chairman of the Russian Supreme Soviet. On 12
June 1991 he was elected by popular vote to the newly created post of President of
the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), at that time one of the
15 constituent republics of the Soviet Union. Upon the resignation of Mikhail
Gorbachev and the final dissolution of the Soviet Union on 25 December 1991, the
RSFSR became the sovereign state of the Russian Federation, and Yeltsin remained in
office as president. He was reelected in the 1996 election, in which critics widely
claimed pervasive corruption; in the second round he defeated Gennady Zyuganov from
the revived Communist Party by a margin of 13.7% (54.4% to 40.7%), despite the
margin having been only 3.3% during the first round.[editorializing] However,
Yeltsin never recovered his early popularity after a series of economic and
political crises in Russia in the 1990s.
Much of the Yeltsin era was marked by widespread corruption, and as a result of
persistent low oil and commodity prices during the 1990s, Russia suffered
inflation, economic collapse, and enormous political and social problems that
affected Russia and the other former states of the USSR. Within a few years of his
presidency, many of Yeltsin's initial supporters had started to criticize his
leadership, and Vice President Alexander Rutskoy even denounced the reforms as
"economic genocide".[3]
Ongoing confrontations with the Supreme Soviet climaxed in the 1993 Russian
constitutional crisis in which Yeltsin illegally ordered the dissolution of the
Supreme Soviet parliament, which as a result attempted to remove him from office.
In October 1993, troops loyal to Yeltsin stopped an armed uprising outside of the
parliament building, leading to a number of deaths.[4] Yeltsin then scrapped the
existing Russian constitution, banned political opposition, and deepened his
efforts to transform the economy. On 31 December 1999, under enormous internal
pressure, Yeltsin announced his resignation, leaving the presidency in the hands of
his chosen successor, then-Prime Minister Vladimir Putin. Yeltsin left office
widely unpopular with the Russian population.[5]
Yeltsin kept a low profile after his resignation, though he did occasionally
publicly criticise his successor. Yeltsin died of congestive heart failure on 23
April 2007.
Contents [hide]
1 Early life and education
2 Communist Party membership
3 Moscow
4 Resignation
5 President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
6 President of the Russian Federation
6.1 Yeltsin's first term
6.1.1 Radical reforms
6.1.2 Confrontation with parliament
6.1.3 Chechnya
6.1.4 Privatization and the rise of "the oligarchs"
6.1.5 Korean Air Lines Flight 007
6.1.6 1996 presidential election
6.2 Yeltsin's second term
6.2.1 Attempt of impeachment in 1999
6.2.2 Mabetex Corruption
6.2.3 Resignation
7 Illness
8 Life after resignation
9 Death and funeral
10 Memorials
11 Honours and awards
12 Bibliography
13 See also
14 References
15 External links
Early life and education[edit]
Following his release in 1936 after serving two years, Nikolai took his family to
live in Berezniki in Perm Krai, where his brother Ivan, a blacksmith, had been
exiled the year before for failing to deliver his grain quota.[9] Nikolai remained
unemployed for a period of time and then worked again in construction. His mother,
Klavdiya Vasilyevna Yeltsina, worked as a seamstress. Boris studied at Pushkin High
School in Berezniki. He was fond of sports (in particular skiing, gymnastics,
volleyball, track and field, boxing and wrestling) despite losing the thumb and
index finger of his left hand when he and some friends furtively entered a Red Army
supply depot, stole several grenades, and tried to disassemble them.[10]
Moscow[edit]