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PRESIDENCY UNIVERSITY

BANGALORE
OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
ASSIGNMENT PHASE-1

SUBMITTED BY

NAME ID NUMBER SECTION


VINOD N 2015CSE157 03
SAAHIL AFAQ 2015CSE116 03
SAI VAMSHI KRISHNA A V R 2015CSE119 03
TEJA K 2015CSE146 03
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:-

Our first experience of project has been successfully, thanks to the support of our lecturer, friends & colleagues with gratitude. We wish to
acknowledge all of them. However, we wish to make special mention of the following.

First of all we are thankful of our project guide Mrs. Mehela N. under whose guidance we were able to complete our project. We are
wholeheartedly thankful to her for giving us his value able time & attention & for providing us a systematic way for completing our project in
time.
ABSTRACT:-

The hand operated system of time table preparation in colleges is very inconsistent and time-consuming which results in either the same teachers
ending up with more than one class at a time or a number of classes conflicting at the same classroom. Due to a non-automatic perspective, absolute
utilization of resources has proven ineffective. In order to deal with such problems, a mechanized system can be designed with a computer aided
timetable generator. The system will take different inputs like number of subjects, teachers, maximum lectures a teacher can conduct, priority of
subject and topics to be covered in a week or a lecture, considering which, it will create feasible time tables for working days of the week, making
excellent application of all resources in a way which will be best suited for the constraints. This work proposes an optimized technique to automate
time table generation system. Time table generation system involves various challenging constraints of resources including faculties, rooms, time slots
etc. The proposed technique filters out the best of active rules to generate the optimized solution. Active Rules from a complete sphere for developing
a system, which needs to satisfy various constraints. By using Active Rules we are able to reduce the time require to generate time table and generate
a timetable which is more accurate, precise and free of human errors. This project introduces a practical timetabling algorithm capable of taking care
of both strong and weak constraints effectively, used in an automated timetabling system. Timetable Generation System also show list of all the
subjects with semesters and lecturers with dynamic modifications. Timetable Generation System generates timetable for each class.
INTRODUCTION:-

Timetabling concerns all activities with regard to producing a schedule that must be subjective to different constraints. Timetable can be
defined as the optimization of given activities, actions or events to a set of objects in space-time matrix to satisfy a set of desirable constraints.
Basically an academic environment is the need for a well-planned, well-throughout and clash-free timetable.

The problem is to design and implement an algorithm to create a semester course time table by assigning time-slots and rooms to a given set of
courses to be run that semester under given constraints. The constraints include avoiding clashes of time-slots and rooms, assigning appropriate
rooms and appropriate no. of slots and contact hours to the courses etc

Although most of the college administrative work has been computerized, the lecture- timetable scheduling is still mostly done manually due
to its technical difficulties. The manual scheduling of lecture-timetable requires considerable time and efforts. The lecture-timetable scheduling
is a constraint satisfaction problem in which we find an optimal solution that satisfies the given set of constraints. The college lecture-
timetabling problem asks us to find some time slots and classrooms which satisfy the constraints imposed on offered courses, instructors,
classrooms and so on. Therefore, the variables to be instantiated are time slots and classrooms of offered courses. Since the problem is a
combinatorial optimization problem belonging to NP- hard class, the computation time for timetabling tends to grow exponentially as the
number of variables increase. There have been a number of approaches made in the past decades to the problem of constructing timetables for
colleges and schools. Timetabling problems may be solved by different methods inherited either from operations research such as graph
colouring, mathematical programming, local search procedures such as tabulation search and simulated annealing, genetic algorithms or from
backtracking-based constraint satisfaction manipulation.

Timetable development process starts when each Head of Department provide the following information to be used for timetable scheduling.
The information provides the modules with dates, time and venues suitable in a particular semester:

*. Examinable courses in a particular semester.

*. Dates for lectures to be held (Lectures can be scheduled between Monday and Friday).

*. Specified time for lectures ( i.e. Between 9am and 3:50pm).

*. The venue of the scheduled lectures

We have formulated the method for developing effective and practical timetabling algorithm which is capable of taking care of constraints
using simplified version of iterative forward search technique based on priority. We primarily focused on developing algorithm, which is easy
to implement without compromising on its effectiveness and performance.

Planning timetable is one of the most complex and error prone application. There are still serious problems like generation of high cost time
table are occurring while scheduling and these problems are repeating frequently also the difficulty faced during timetabling can be represented
as a constraint satisfaction problem with loose parameters and many constraints. In the manual lecture timetabling, one of the major problems
is dealing with clashes and finding clash free slots. Making a change requires that one has to undo previous lecture allocation and look for a
new allocations. This creates a series of backtracks which are difficult to resolve. To overcome these problems, the university system needs an
automated and feasible timetable generator that satisfies all hard constraints conditions and as much as soft constraints highlighted. For
example, the same faculty member teaching two courses cannot be assigned the same time slot. On the other hand, two different courses to be
attended by the same group of students also should not clash. Therefore there is a great requirement for an application distributing the course
evenly and without collisions. Automated timetabling, on the other hand, is a great task that saves a lot of man-hours work and provides
optimal solutions with constraint satisfaction within minutes. The aim is here to develop a simple, easily understandable, efficient and portable
application which could automatically generate good quality time table with in a second.
Working of the Automation Time Table Generator:-

The system provides authentication only to the administrator. After successfully log in, administrator will store all the necessary data in
database including all semesters subjects and lecturers. Now administrator is ready to apply rules or constraints to generate the timetable
automatically. The timetable will only be shown to administrator as the administrator is the only person responsible for generating it. After that
admin can take out print of timetable for further use. The students and lecturers have the rights only to view and search the Time table.

If there is any clash in timetable or the timetable needs to be changed the lecturers need to complaint to the Administrator and only the
Administrator can change the timetable and also, in case if the Lecturers need to take the special class they need to inform in advance to the
administrator for the change in timetable in lecture hours.

The broad objective that I set myself was to develop a generic timetable evaluator, which would allow the user in the simplest way possible to
define both the situation that the timetable had been developed for, and the characteristics of a good timetable. Such an evaluator could have a
number of possible uses:

1) To automatically determine the quality of and to give feedback on timetables generated by an automatic solver or otherwise.

2) To integrate any number of timetables.

3) To develop applications for the manual building of timetables that can give feedback and make suggestions to the user as the timetable is
built.

4) To potentially be used as part of an automatic solver.

As demonstrated in the previous section, any timetabling problem of real world Proportions are likely to have considerable complexity. For this
reason, creating a reliable automatic solver which requires no manual Intervention is a very difficult problem, and most organizations do not
have such a solution. Instead, most timetables are created manually by expert administrators who have deep knowledge of the requirements of
all parties involved.

CONSTRAINTS:

Constraints are divided into two parts:

HARD CONSTRAINTS:

C1: A classroom is not assigned to more than one lecture at the same time.

C2: An instructor cannot teach more than one class at the same time.

C3: Courses for the same year-session students of a department cannot take place at the same time.

C4: The classroom for a course should have enough capacity to take students registered in the course.

C5: The classroom should be well equipped with required facilities for the classes

SOFT CONSTRAINTS:

C6: The lectures are not assigned to time slots, which are in the instructors forbidden time zones.

C7: Instructors /daily lecture hours should be restricted to be within the allowed maximum hours.

C8: As far as possible, classes are scheduled in the instructors preferred time zones.

C9: A lunch/dinner break must be scheduled.

C10: The theory courses are scheduled on Monday and Tuesday, and the practical courses are scheduled on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday.

C11: If possible, the lecture hours for a course should be scheduled consecutively.

C12: As far as possible, classes should be scheduled in their corresponding departments exclusive-use classrooms.

C13: The classrooms should be allocated in a manner to minimize the distances between adjacent classes? classrooms.

It is desirable for timetables to satisfy all hard and soft constraints. However, it is usually difficult to meet all these constraints. Any hard
constraint must not be violated in any case, but some soft constraints can be sacrificed to find feasible timetables.
Use Case Diagram:-
USE CASE DESCRIPTION:

Use Case Login

Primary Actor Administrator

Goal In Context Enable the Administrator to access the system

Preconditions The Admin should have registered before logging in.

Trigger The admin should have the access to the system to perform their job.

Scenario 1) The Admin selects 'log in' from the Admin screen.
2) The Window prompts the Admin for the username and password
3) The Admin enters the username and password.
4) The window enables access to the system according to the procedures.
Exceptions The Admin enters an invalid username or password.

Use Case Create Timetable

Primary Actor Administrator

Goal In Context Generate the Time Table efficiently.

Preconditions The admin should be aware of no. of classes and all the details regarding this
field.

Trigger The system generates the timetable for the given classes.

Scenario 1) The Admin selects 'create timetable' from the given option.
2) Then selects the particular branch he want to generate.
3) Provides all the required fields asked by the system.
4) Re-corrects if any mistakes found.
5) Clicks on 'Submit' to start the generation of the time table.
Exceptions The Admin Enters same

Use Case Logout

Primary Actor Administrator

Goal In Context Disable the Administrator access to the System.

Preconditions The administrator is already logged in.


Trigger The Administrator doesn't want to access to the software

Scenario 1) The Administrator should complete all his job and save the project.
2) Then he should select on the logout button.
3) The software disables the access to the system.
Exceptions

Change Password
Use case

Administrator
Primary Actor

Enable the admin to change his/her password.


Goal In context

Admin should know his Login Id and password.


Preconditions

It is done if the admin suspects someone else is using their password.


Trigger

1) Admin logs in.


Scenario 2) Admin wants to change his password, so he clicks on Change
password.
3) Admin enters old password and also enters new password.
4) Then clicks save.
Admin enters Invalid Login Id password.
Exceptions

Search Timetable
Use case

Students, Lecturers
Primary Actor

Enable the Students and the Lecturers to search the time table
Goal In context

Student must be of the branch; Lecturer must be in the given branch


Preconditions

Students access the timetable to know which classes they have or should
Trigger attend to;
Lecturers access the timetable to know in which class to teach in and at what
time;
1) Students/Lecturers select Search Timetable.
Scenario 2) They enter a particular branch.
3) Access the timetable of their given branch.
Students enter another branch and access a different Timetable.
Exceptions Lecturers enter another branch and access a different Timetable.

Edit Teacher/Course/Room
Use case

Administrator
Primary Actor

Enable the Admin to Edit/Change the Teacher/Course/Room in any given


Goal In context Timetable.

Admin should have a valid Login id and password.


Preconditions

It is done if there is need to change any faculty or any room or any course
Trigger depending on the situation.

1) Admin selects Edit in the given option.


Scenario 2) Now the admin can edit Faculty/Course/Room accordingly.
3) The Admin edits and saves the Timetable, Also checks for any
errors.
4) Saves the edits made and clicks on submit.
The admin enters an invalid login Id and password.
Exceptions

View Time Table


Use case

Students, Lecturers
Primary Actor

Enable the Students and the Lecturers to view the time table
Goal In context

Student must be of the specific branch; Lecturer must be in the specific


Preconditions branch

Students access the timetable to know which classes they should attend to;
Trigger Lecturers access the timetable to know in which class to teach and at what
time;
1) Students/Lecturers select View Timetable.
Scenario 2) They enter a particular branch.
3) Access the timetable of their given branch.

Students enter another branch and access a different Timetable.


Exceptions Lecturers enter another branch and access a different Timetable.
Modify Timetable
Use case

Administrator
Primary Actor

Enable the admin to modify any given Timetable.


Goal In context

Admin should have a valid Login Id and password.


Preconditions

It is done if there is a need to modify anything in the Timetable like the


Trigger Timings of a class or adding or reducing of any classes etc;

1) Admin selects Modify in the given option.


Scenario 2) Now the admin can modify the class timings adding or reducing of
any classes accordingly.
3) The Admin modifies and saves the Timetable, Also checks for any
errors.
4) Saves the modifications he made and clicks on submit.
Admin enters Invalid Login Id and password.
Exceptions

Delete Timetable
Use case

Administrator
Primary Actor

Enable the admin to delete any given Timetable.


Goal In context

Admin should have a valid Login Id and password.


Preconditions

It is done if the academic semester has ended and all the classes have been
Trigger taught, new Timetable is developed for the new semester.

1) Admin selects Delete in the given option.


Scenario 2) Now the admin can delete any given Timetable.
3) The Admin deletes the Timetable required to be deleted.
4) Saves the deletion made.
Admin enters Invalid Login Id and password.
Exceptions

CUSTOMER AND DEVELOPER REQUIREMENTS


CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS DEVELOPER REQUIREMENTS

User interface for automation of timetable Information regarding number of classes per branch
Login page for administrator Information regarding number of lecturers per branch
Option to make a timetable for given branch Information of number of subjects
Option to edit the given timetable Information of time allotted per lecture
Option for students/lecturers to view only the timetable Number of working days in a week
Option for administrator to change his password Number of subjects taught by a lecturer
Working hours allotted for lecturer
Timings per class in the college

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