Horizontal Well Technology, Productivity

and Evaluation

Horizontal Well Fracturing

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 Hydraulic Fracturing

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 Fracturing Horizontal Wells

Low permeability formations, to enhance drainage volume.

Low vertical permeability formations, to improve vertical
connectivity of reservoir.
Layered reservoirs, to connect several producing layers at
different elevations through vertical fractures.
To regain productivity lost by cementing a horizontal well.
In situations when the productivity obtained from a drilled
horizontal well is not sufficient.

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 Productivity Ratio for a Longitudinally Fractured
Horizontal Well

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 OFR Oct 92

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 OFR Oct 92

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 OFR Oct 92

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 OFR Oct 92

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 OFR Oct 92

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 OFR Oct 92

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 OFR Oct 92

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 Which Orientation for the Well?

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 How Many Fractures?

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 Selective Hydraulic Fracturing: Three Methods

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 Selective Hydraulic Fracturing:
Millable Bridge Plugs

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 Selective Hydraulic Fracturing: Straddle Packer

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 Selective Hydraulic Fracturing:
Retrievable Bridge Plugs

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 Orientation of Horizontal Wells to Optimize
Drainage from Fractures
In normal circumstances
A fracture is vertical because the maximum stress includes the
overburden and is therefore vertical.
A fracture will also include the direction of maximum horizontal
stress.
The ideal situation would be to place the well trajectory
perpendicular to the minimum stress direction so as to create
fractures perpendicular to the wellbore trajectory.
Some wells are drilled in the direction of maximum stress to
create a single vertical fracture that contains the wellbore
trajectory.
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 Expected Flow Regimes in a Fractured
Horizontal Well

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 Determination of the Local Stress Tensor
Directions

Local tectonic data from outcrops.

Drilling-induced micro-fractures in cores.
Strain relaxation data in cores.
Break-out logs.
Micro-imaging logs.
Wellbore sonic data.

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 Performance Comparison of Fractured Horizontal
Wells

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 Comparison of Fractured Horizontal Wells:
Cumulative Recovery

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 Performance Comparison of Fractured Horizontal
Wells

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 Dan Field: Situation Map

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 Dan Field: Production History

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 Example: Dan Field

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 Dan Field: Location Map

Reservoir: chalk in two

layers, Danian (tight)
and Maastrichtian
(soft).
Bottom water OWC
and sometimes a
GOC.
Gross reservoir
thickness 400-700 ft.

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 Dan Field: First Horizontal Well MFB-14

Well MFB-14 (1097-ft) missed target

and had to be acid-fractured in 5
intervals.
Production stabilized at 1.8 times that
of a conventional well.

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 Dan Field: History Data for Horizontal Wells

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 Dan Field: Second Horizontal Well MFB-15

Well MFB-15 (2500-ft) was selectively

acid-fractured in 7 intervals.
Production stabilized at 10 times that
of a conventional well

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 Dan Field: Third Horizontal Well MFB-13

Well MFB-13 (2600-ft) was also

acid-fractured in 7 intervals.
Production stabilized at 8 times
that of a conventional well.
Simulation allowed to correlate
pressures and inflow with
fracture aperture

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 Dan Field: Production Data from Six Horizontal
Wells

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 Dan Field: Selective Fracturing Assembly

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 Dan Field: Selective Fracturing Assembly (contd)

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 Dan Field: Planned Development with Horizontal
Wells

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 Valdemar Field (Dan Offset):
Seismic Section with Fault

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 Valdemar Field (Dan Offset):
LWD Logs Showing Well Re-entering Reservoir

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