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CE 556- PROPERTIES OF
HIGWAY PAVEMENT
MATERIALS
Assignment-1: Review of Fundamentals

Fall 2017 Submittal

Fahmid Tousif
Graduate Student
Department of Civil Engineering
University of Idaho,Moscow, ID-83844.
Email: tous9485@vandals.uidaho.edu

Tousif, Fahmid (tous9485@vandals.uidaho.edu)

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Problem 1.1

Solution:
Three examples of static load application:

1) Load due to the weight of an infrastructure along with its installments (machineries,
equipments etc.) on the ground.
2) Load due to the weight of vehicles parked in a parking lot on the ground.
3) Load due to the weight of a train when it is not moving on ground.

Three examples of dynamic load application:

1) Transient load of vehicles on the roads.

2) Vibratory load due to rotating equipments such as pump and compressors in any infrastructure.
3) Hit of rocks falling downwards, when landslide occurs.

Problem 1.8

Solution:
Here given that, the dimension of the cube Lx=Ly=Lz=4 in and imposed pressure x=y=z=15000 psi=
15 ksi.

Modulus of Elasticity, E= 1000 ksi & Poissons ratio, =0.49

Using Equation 1.3 from book, Normal strain,

x=[x- (y+z)]=[15-0.49 (15+15)]/1000 in/in = 0.0003 in/in

Since x=y=z=15 ksi, therefore x=y=z= 0.0003 in/in

Now, Change in length Lx=xLx= 0.0003 4 = 0.0012 in.

Similarly Ly=yLy= 0.0003 4 = 0.0012 in. & Lz=zLz= 0.0003 4 = 0.0012 in

So, the decrease in each side of the block will be 0.0012 in.

& decrease in the volume of the cube = (444) in3 ((4-0.0012)(4-0.0012)(4-0.0012)) in3 = 0.00579 in3
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Problem 1.9

Solution:
Given that, Stress level is, = 50000 psi.

Therefore, strain, = 0.310-16 (50000)3 in/in. = 3.7510-3 in/in.

The stress and strain values have in tabulated in the following table:

Strain Stress (psi)

0 0

0.00000375 5000

0.00003 10000

0.00010125 15000

0.00024 20000

0.00046875 25000

0.00081 30000

0.00128625 35000

0.00192 40000

0.00273375 45000

0.00375 50000

0.00499125 55000
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So the secant modulus = = (50000-0)/(0.00375-0)= 1.33 107 psi.

& The tangent modulus= (55000-50000)/(0.005-0.00375)= 4106 psi.

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Problem 1.13

Solution:
Given that, Length of rod, L= 380 mm, Diameter d=10 mm, thus Radius r= 5 mm & Area, A=r2=
(5)2=78.53981634 mm2

Applied load, P= 24.5 KN= 245000 N. Therefore, Stress, = P/A= 24500/78.53981634 = 311.94 N/mm2=
311.9436885 MPa.

Now, we know, modulus of elasticity E= / & =L/L.

Therefore deformation, L= L/E= (311.9436885 MPa 380 mm)/E (MPa) = 118538.6016/ E mm

Using the Elastic modulus of steel, the deformation came out to be= 0.57265 mm < 0.9 mm

For copper it is 1.0776 mm, for aluminum it is 1.69 & for brass steel it is 1.17 mm, which do not satisfy
the condition of allowable deformation of equal or less than 0.9 mm.

Again the obtained stress is 311.94 MPa which is less for the yield strength of the steel.

So, Steel is the only candidate as per the problem statement.

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Problem 1.21

Solution:
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a. Here, slope of the elastic portion= 600/0.003 =2105 MPa.

Slope of the plastic portion = (800-600)/ (0.07-0.003) = 2985.07 MPa

Now, strain at 650 MPa= 0.003+ (650-600)/2985.07 =0.01975 m/m

Since strain due to elastic portion will be recovered, thus permanent strain = 0.01975- (650/2105)
=0.0165 m/m

b. Percent increase in yield strength = (650-600)/600 100 = 8.33%

c. Now, strain at 625 MPa will be= 625/2105= 0.003125 m/m

Thus the total strain will be= 0.0165 m/m+0.003125 m/m =0.019625 m/m

The strain will be elastic.

Problem 1.23
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Solution:
Given that, the compressive static load, P=150 lb, diameter d=4 in. & initial height, h0= 6 in.

Now, Area, A=r2. Therefore, stress = P/A= 150/ (2)2= 11.9366 psi, for 1 hour (60 minutes). As after
that, the load is removed, there will be no stress from 60.01 minutes.
& initial strain, = (6-5.9916)/6=0.00140. The corresponding strain values for each height change has
been enlisted in the excel spreadsheet, with respect to the initial height of 6 in.

Time (min) Specimen Height (in) Stress (psi) Strain (in/in)

0 6 11.9366 0
0.01 5.9916 11.9366 0.0014
2 5.987 11.9366 0.002167
5 5.9833 11.9366 0.002783
10 5.9796 11.9366 0.0034
20 5.9753 11.9366 0.004117
30 5.9725 11.9366 0.004583
40 5.9708 11.9366 0.004867
50 5.9696 11.9366 0.005067
60 5.9688 11.9366 0.0052
60.01 5.9772 0 0.0038
62 5.9807 0 0.003217
65 5.9841 0 0.00265
70 5.9879 0 0.002017
80 5.9926 0 0.001233
90 5.9942 0 0.000967
100 5.9954 0 0.000767
110 5.9959 0 0.000683
120 5.9964 0 0.0006
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a. Stress (psi) Vs Time (min)

b. Strain (in/in) Vs Time (min)

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c. The elastic strain will be the portion of strain that has been fully recovered upon the removal of load,
which will be= (0.00525-0.00375) = 0.0015 in. /in.

d. The permanent strain at the end of the experiment= 0.0006 in. /in.

e. The phenomenon of the change of specimen height during static loading is called creep.

The phenomenon of the change of specimen height during unloading is called recovery.

Problem 1.40

Solution:
a. The mean, x=
(5595+5139+6359+5192+5188+5241+5964+5875+6155+5115+6695+5449+5278+6697+5195+60
21+5320+5657+6595+5235)/20 = 5698.25 psi

()2
Standard deviation, s = 1
= [(5595-5698.25)2+(5139-5698.25)2+..+(5235-
5698.25)2/(20-1)]= (5083845.939/19)= 556.6398 psi
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The coefficient of variation= (s/x)*100% = [(556.6398/5698.25)*100] %= 9.7686 %

b. The necessary values has been tabulated at first as follows;

Upper Lower
Specifica Specifica Minimu
Standard Minimu Maximu
Sample Compressive Mean, tion tion m Target
Deviatio m Data m Data
No. Strength (psi) (x) psi Limit, Limit, x- Value,
n (), psi Point, psi Point, psi
x+3, 3, (LSL), psi
(USL), psi psi

1 5595 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000

2 5139 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
3 6359 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
4 5192 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
5 5188 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
6 5241 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
7 5964 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
8 5875 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
9 6155 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
10 5115 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
5115 6697
11 6695 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
12 5449 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
13 5278 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
14 6697 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
15 5195 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
16 6021 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
17 5320 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
18 5657 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
19 6595 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
20 5235 5698.25 556.6398 7368.169 4028.331 5000
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Control Chart showing the target value and lower specification limit has been presented as
follows:

Figure 1: Control Chart

Minimum target value has been set for 5000 psi and the lower specification limit is the value,
which is three times of standard deviation less than the mean value. As we can see from the
control chart, the plant production is meeting the specification requirement.

The plot shows a little upward trend of the data. The data have moderate variability ranging
from 5115 psi to 6697 psi.