Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
A "citation" is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source. It
also gives your readers the information necessary to find that source again, including:
Giving credit to the original author by citing sources is the only way to use other people's work without
plagiarizing. But there are a number of other reasons to cite sources:
citations are extremely helpful to anyone who wants to find out more about your ideas and where
they came from
not all sources are good or right -- your own ideas may often be more accurate or interesting than
those of your sources. Proper citation will keep you from taking the rap for someone else's bad
ideas
citing sources shows the amount of research you've done
citing sources strengthens your work by lending outside support to your ideas
Not at all. On the contrary, citing sources actually helps your reader distinguish your ideas from those of
your sources. This will actually emphasize the originality of your own work.
Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need to acknowledge their source. The following situations
almost always require citation:
APA (American Psychological Association) Style originated in 1929, when a group of psychologists,
anthropologists, and business managers convened and sought to establish a simple set of procedures, or
style rules, that would codify the many components of scientific writing to increase the ease of reading
comprehension.
As with other editorial styles, APA Style consists of rules or guidelines that a publisher observes to ensure
clear and consistent presentation of written material. It concerns uniform use of such elements as
1|Page Citation Guide
selection of headings, tone, and length, punctuation and abbreviations, presentation of numbers and
statistics, construction of tables and figures, citation of references, and many other elements that are a
part of a manuscript. (Source: Official APA website)
The APA style calls for three kinds of information to be included in in-text citations. The author's last
nameand the work's date of publication must always appear, and these items must match exactly the
corresponding entry in the references list. The third kind of information, the page number, appears only in
a citation to a direct quotation.
....(Crockatt, 1995).
"The potentially contradictory nature of Moscow's priorities surfaced first in its policies towards East
Germany and Yugoslavia," (Crockatt, 1995, p. 1).
Note: All second and third lines in the APA Bibliography should be indented.
A book chapter, print version Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of subjective
well-being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of
subjective well-being (pp. 17-43). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
An eBook Millbower, L. (2003). Show biz training: Fun and effective business
training techniques from the worlds of stage, screen, and song.
Retrieved from http://www.amacombooks.org/
An article in a print journal Alibali, M. W. (1999). How children change their minds: Strategy
change can be gradual or abrupt. Developmental Psychology,
35,127-145.
An article in a journal without DOI Carter, S., & Dunbar-Odom, D. (2009). The converging literacies
center: An integrated model for writing programs. Kairos: A Journal
of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy, 14(1), 38-48. Retrieved
from http://kairos.technorhetoric.net/
An article in a journal with DOI Gaudio, J. L., & Snowdon, C. T. (2008). Spatial cues more salient
than color cues in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) reversal
learning. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 122, 441-444. doi:
10.1037/0735-7036.122.4.441
Websites - professional or The World Famous Hot Dog Site. (1999, July 7). Retrieved January
Mailing Lists (listserv) Stein, C.(2006, January 5). Chessie rescue - Annapolis, MD
[Message posted to Chessie-L electronic mailing list]. Retrieved
from http://chessie-l-owner@lists.best.com
Radio and TV episodes - from DeFord, F. (Writer). (2007, August 8). Beyond Vick: Animal cruelty
library databases for sport [Television series episode]. In NPR (Producer), Morning
Edition. Retrieved from Academic OneFile database.
Radio and TV episodes - from Sepic, M. (Writer). (2008). Federal prosecutors eye MySpace
website bullying case [Television series episode]. In NPR (Producer), All
Things Considered. Retrieved from
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/
Film Clips from website Kaufman, J.C. (Producer), Lacy, L. (Director), & Hawkey, P.
(Writer). (1979). Mean Joe Greene [video file]. Retrieved from
http://memory.loc.gov/mbrs/ccmp/meanjoe_01g.ram
Photograph (from book, magazine Close, C. (2002). Ronald. [photograph]. Museum of Modern Art,
or webpage) New York, NY. Retrieved from
http://www.moma.org/collection/object.php?object_id=108890
Artwork - from library database Clark, L. (c.a. 1960's). Man with Baby. [photograph]. George
Eastman House, Rochester, NY. Retrieved from ARTstor
Artwork - from website Close, C. (2002). Ronald. [photograph]. Museum of Modern Art,
New York. Retrieved from
http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?
object_id=108890
In-text Citation
Two authors' names in The most notorious foreign lobby in Washington is the
reference "Sugar Mafia" (Howe and Trott 134).
With MLA style, you must include a Works Cited page at the end of your paper. A Works Cited page is an
alphabetical listing of the resources cited in your paper. Below are some examples of MLA style citations.
An article in a print Doggart, Julia. "Minding the Gap: Realizing Our Ideal
journal Community Writing Assistance Program." The
Community Literacy Journal 2.1 (2007): 71-80. Print.
A encyclopedia entry Foster, John S., Jr. "Nuclear War." The Encyclopedia
Americana. Intl. ed. 1998. Print.
A Page on a Website "New Media @ the Center." The Writing Center at the
with no author University of Wisconsin-Madison. U of Wisconsin-
Madison Writing Center, 2009. Web. 11 Sept. 2009.
Radio/TV episode - from "Beyond Vick: Animal Cruelty for Sport." Morning
library database Edition. NPR. 8 Aug. 2007.Academic OneFile. Web. 5
May 2008.
Radio/TV episode - from "Federal Prosecutors Eye MySpace Bullying Case." All
website Things Considered. NPR. 14 Jan. 2008. Web. 15 Jan.
2008.
Film - from website The Landlord. Perf. Will Ferrell and Adam McKay.
2007. Funny or Die. Web. 15 Jan. 2008.
Artwork - from library Clark, Larry. Man with Baby. ca. 1960s. George
database Eastman House, Rochester, NY. ARTstor. Web. 15 Jan.
2008.
Artwork - from website Close, Chuck. Ronald. 2002. Museum of Modern Art,
Chicago is a documentation syle that has been published by the Chicago University Press since 1906.
This citation style incorporates rules of grammar and punctuation common in American English. Typically,
Chicago style presents two basic documentation systems: (1) notes and bibliography and (2) author-date.
Choosing between the two often depends on subject matter and the nature of sources cited, as each
system is favored by different groups of scholars.
The notes and bibliography style is preferred by many in the humanities, including those in literature,
history, and the arts. This style presents bibliographic information in notes and, often, a bibliography.
The author-date style has long been used by those in the physical, natural, and social sciences. In this
system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by authors last name and date of
publication. The short citations are amplified in a list of references, where full bibliographic information is
provided.
An article in a print journal (Weinstein 2009, 440) Weinstein, Joshua I. 2009. The Market in
Platos Republic. Classical Philology 104:439
58.
An article in an electronic (Kossinets and Watts 2009, Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Duncan J. Watts. 2009.
journal 411) Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social
Network. American Journal of
Sociology115:40550. Accessed February 28,
2010. doi:10.1086/599247.
The Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional organization supporting
many branches of engineering, computer science, and information technology. In addition to publishing
journals, magazines, and conference proceedings, IEEE also makes many standards for a wide variety of
industries.
The Basics:
In-text Citing It is not necessary to mention an author's name, pages used, or date of publication in the
in-text citation. Instead, refer to the source with a number in a square bracket, e.g. [1], that will then
correspond to the full citation in your reference list.
Place bracketed citations within the line of text, before any punctuation, with a space before the
first bracket.
Number your sources as you cite them in the paper. Once you have referred to a source and
given it a number, continue to use that number as you cite that source throughout the paper.
When citing multiple sources at once, the preferred method is to list each number separately, in
its own brackets, using a comma or dash bteween numbers, as such: [1], [3], [5] or [1] - [5].
The below examples are from Murdoch University's IEEE Style LibGuide.
"Several recent studies [3], [4], [15], [16] have suggested that...."
Creating a Reference List The Reference List appears at the end of your paper and provides the full
citations for all the references you have used. List all references numerically in the order they've been
cited within the paper, and include the bracketed number at the beginning of each reference.
Title your list as References either centered or aligned left at the top of the page.
Create a hanging indent for each reference with the bracketed numbers flush with the left side of
the page. The hanging indent highlights the numerical sequence of your references.
The author's name is listed as first initial, last name. Example: Adel Al Muhairy would be cited as
A. Al Muhairy (NOT Al Muhairy, Adel).
Book in print [1] B. Klaus and P. Horn, Robot Vision. Cambridge, MA:
MIT Press, 1986.
Conference paper [7] L. Liu and H. Miao, "A specification based approach
to testing polymorphic attributes," in Formal Methods
and Software Engineering: Proceedings of the 6th
International Conference on Formal Engineering
Methods, ICFEM 2004, Seattle, WA, USA, November 8-
12, 2004, J. Davies, W. Schulte, M. Barnett, Eds. Berlin:
Springer, 2004. pp. 306-19.
Newspaper article (from [9] J. Riley, "Call for new look at skilled migrants," The
database) Australian, p. 35, May 31, 2005. [Online]. Available:
Factiva, http://global.factiva.com. [Accessed May 31,
2005].
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Instructions: Answer the following by doing as what is directed.
.Question 1
Choose the citation that is in proper APA citation format for a book.
a. Jenkins, Henry. Fans, bloggers, and gamers: exploring participatory cultures. New York: New
York University Press, 2006.
b. Jenkins, H. Fans, bloggers, and gamers: exploring participatory cultures. New York University
Press, New York. 2006.
c. Jenkins, H. (2006). Fans, bloggers, and gamers: exploring participatory culture. New York: New
York University Press.
d. Jenkins, Henry. (2006). Fans, Bloggers, and Gamers: Exploring Participatory Culture. New York
UP: New York.
Question 2
Choose the citation that is in proper APA citation for a chapter from a book (no named author of chapter).
a. Cook, V.J.(2004). "Flava'N Gorillaz: Pop Group Names." In Accomodating Brocolli in the
Cemetary, (pp. 21-22). Simon and Schuster: New York.
b. Flava 'n Gorillaz: Pop group names. (2004). In V.J. Cook, Accomodating Brocolli in the Cemetary
(pp. 21-22). New York: Simon and Schuster.
c. Flava 'n Gorillaz: Pop group names. In Cook, V.J. Accomodating Brocolli in the Cemetary (pp. 21-
22). New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004.
d. V.J. Cook. 2004. "Flava'n Gorillaz: Pop group names." In Accomodating Brocolli in the Cemetary,
pp. 21-22. Simon and Schuster: New York.
Question 3
b. Yonke, David. (2008). "Monks on the road for peace: Tibetan Buddhists bring message that
'happiness is an internal event'." The Blade (Toledo, OH), pp. B7.
c. Yonke, David. Monks on the road for peace: Tibetan Buddhists bring message that 'happiness is
an internal event'. The Blade, September 13, 2008. p. B7.
d. Yonke, David. "Monks on the road for peace: Tibetan Buddhists bring message that 'happiness is
an internal event'." The Blade 13 Sept. 2008: B7.
Question 4
Choose the correct APA citation for an article from a library research database.
a. Weickgenannt, Nicole. (2008). The Nation's Monstrous Women: Wives, Widows and Witches in
Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children. In Journal of Commonwealth Literature. 43.2, pp. 65-83.
Retrieved October 31, 2008, from Humanities International Complete http:// 0-
search.ebscohost.com.maurice.bgsu.edu/
login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=32541323&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
b. Weickgenannt, Nicole. "The nation's monstrous women: Wives, widows and witches in Salman
Rushdie's Midnight's Children." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 43.2 (June 2008): 65-83.
Humanities International Complete. EBSCO. Bowling Green State University Libraries, Bowling
Green, Oh.. 31 Oct. 2008 <http:// 0-
search.ebscohost.com.maurice.bgsu.edu/
login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=32541323&loginpage=login.asp&site=ehost-
live&scope=site>.
c. Weickgenannt, N. The Nation's Monstrous Women: Wives, Widows and Witches in Salman
Rushdie's Midnight's Children. Journal of Commonwealth Literature. 43.2: pp.65-83. Retrieved
October 31, 2008, from Humanities International Complete. (2008, June).
d. Weickgenannt, N. (2008, June). The nation's monstrous women: Wives, widows and witches in
Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children. Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 43(2), 65-83.
Retrieved October 31, 2008, from Humanities International Complete.
Question 5
Publication: Advocate
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Date: January 20, 2004
Pages: 76-77
hyperlink: <http://0-search.ebscohost.com.maurice.bgsu.edu/
login.aspx?direct=true&db=fmh&AN=GSD0048
(Developed by Amy Fyn, Bowling Green State University Libraries, 2008, for LIB225: Information Seeking and Management in Contemporary
Society)
Question 1: (c)
Jenkins, H. (2006). Fans, bloggers, and gamers: exploring participatory culture. New York: New York
University Press.
A book citation in APA follows the format: Author. (year). Title. City: Publisher.
Question 2: (b)
Flava 'n Gorillaz: Pop group names. (2004). In V.J. Cook, Accomodating Brocolli in the Cemetary (pp. 21-
APA citation for a chapter in a book: Author(s). (date). Chapter title. In Name (ed.), Book title (pp.
numbers). City: Publisher. If no author is given for the chapter, begin the entry with chapter title,
followed by (date). Then pick up with In Name (ed.), etc.
Question 3: (a)
Yonke, D. (2008, September 13). Monks on the road for peace: Tibetan Buddhists bring message that
'happiness is an internal event'. The Blade (Toledo, OH), p. B7.
Basic APA citation for a newspaper article (in print): Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Article title. Title of
Newspaper, p. number(s).
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Question 4: (d)
Weickgenannt, N. (2008, June). The nation's monstrous women: Wives, widows and witches in Salman
Rushdie's Midnight's Children. Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 43(2), 65-83. Retrieved
October 31, 2008, from Humanities International Complete.
Basic APA citation for an article from a database: Author(s). (date). Article title. Name of Journal, vol
number(issue number). Retrieved date, from name of database.
Question 5:
DeCaro, F. (2004, January 20). Truly, madly, Depp-ly. Advocate, 906, 76-77. Retrieved October 31, 2008,
from Gender Studies database.
Basic APA citation for an article from a database: Author(s). (date). Article title. Name of Journal, vol
number(issue number). Retrieved date, from name of database.
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