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2015-2016

1. Two cylindrical pressure vessels made of the same unidirectional lamina but with
different fiber orientations were loaded as shown in Fig. 1 and gave the following strain
readings:

Fig. 1
Cylinder A
Diameter: D = 100 mm
Thickness: h = 5 mm
Hoop wound (i.e., fibers in the circumferential direction)
Internal pressure: p = 20 MPa
Measured strains: x= 8 x 10-3, y = = 2.75 x 10-3

Cylinder B
Diameter: D = 100 mm
Thickness: h = 5 mm
Helically wound at = 45
Axial load: P = 147 kN
Measured strain: x= 7 x 10-3
Assuming v12 = 0.3, determine lamina moduli E1, E2, and G12.

2. A thin-wall tube made of a unidirectional lamina with a fiber direction to its axis is
loaded in torsion as shown in Fig. 2. Using the maximum strain theory, plot torsional
strength, Tf, versus (for 0 90) for the following material properties:
E1 =10E2, v12* = 0.25, F1t = F1c = 2F2c = 4F6 =10F2t = 1000 MPa.

Fig. 2

Note: F1t and F1c are the longitudinal tensile and compressive strengths,
F2t and F2c are the transverse tensile and compressive strengths and
F6 (F12) is the in-plane shear strength.

1
3. A laminate is balanced if it consists of pairs of layers with identical thickness and
elastic properties but having + and - orientations of their principal material axes with
respect to the laminate principal axes.
A balanced cross-ply laminate possessing mid-plane symmetry is made-up of laminae
having the following properties:
EL = 15 GPa, ET = 6 GPa, GLT = 3 GPa, LT = 0.5
The laminate is subjected to a normal axial stress of 15 MPa and a shear stress of 1.0 MPa.
(a) Calculate the normal and shear stresses in the 0o and 90o plies.
(b) Calculate the residual stresses in the cross-ply laminate that is fabricated at 125oC and
cooled to 25oC. Given L = 7.0 10-6/oC and T = 23.0 10-6/oC. How will the residual
stresses be affected by interchanging locations of 0o and 90o plies?

4. laminate of [0/45/90]s lay-up is loaded under in-plane biaxial loading :

Nx = No
Ny = 2No
Nxy = 0
and the resulting strains are: x = 1.3 10 , y = 5.1 10-3.
-3

Determine Poisson's ratio xy.

5. An unsymmetric cross-ply laminate [04/904]2, which is originally in the form of a flat

plate, is bent and glued at the seam to form a tube of 5 cm radius such that the outermost
ply has fibers in the hoop direction.
Calculate the ply stresses and strains when the tube is subjected to a torque of 0.5 Nm.
Assume that each lamina is 0.125 mm thick and has the following properties:
EL = 138 GPa, ET = 8.96 GPa, GLT = 7.1 GPa, LT = 0.3
(Hint: Use the partially inverted form of the stiffness matrix to obtain mid-plane strains).