Scribd Logo
Cargar

¡Te damos la bienvenida a Scribd!

  • Analisis de Secciones

    Cargado por

    Omar Eduardo Alvarado Valle
    6 vistas25 páginas
    GRACIAS

    Derechos de autor

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Formatos disponibles

    PDF o lea en línea desde Scribd

    ¿Le pareció útil este documento?

    ¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

    Denunciar este documento
    GRACIAS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como PDF o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Marcar por contenido inapropiado
    6 vistas25 páginas

    Analisis de Secciones

    Cargado por

    Omar Eduardo Alvarado Valle
    GRACIAS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como PDF o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Marcar por contenido inapropiado
    de 25
    4 Flexural Members 41 G NERAL REMARKS Beams are used to support transverse loads and/or applied moment, Cold-formed steel sections, such as [-sections, channels, Z-shapes, angles, ‘T-sections, hat sections, and tubular members (Fig. 1.2) and decks and panels (Fig. 1.11) can be used as flexural members. In the design of cold-formed steel flexural members, consideration should first be given to the moment-resisting capacity and the stiffness of the mem- ber. It may be found that in many cases, the moment of inertia of the section is not a constant value but varies along the span length due to the noncom- ppactness of the thin-walled section and the variation of the moment diagram. ‘The design method is discussed in this chapter, Second, the webs of beams should be checked for shear, combined bending and shear, web crippling, and. ‘combined bending and web crippling. In addition to the design features discussed above, the moment-resisting capacity of the member may be limited by lateral buckling of the beam, particularly when the section is fabricated from thin material and laterally supported at relatively large intervals. For this reason, flexural members must be braced adequately in accordance with the bracing requirements prescribed in the AISI Specification; otherwise a low design moment has to be used, For some sections, distortional buckling may be critical Unlike hot-rolled heavy steel sections, in the design of thin-walled cold- formed steel beams, special problems such as shear lag and flange curling are also considered to be important matters due to the use of thin material. Fur- thermore, the design of flexural members can be even more involved if the increase of steel mechanical properties due to cold work is to be utilized, Based on the above general discussion, the following design features are considered in this chapter with some design examples for the purpose of illustration: 1, Bending strength and deflection 2. Design of webs for shear, combined bending and shear, web crippling, and combined bending and web crippling 3. Bracing requirements 4, Shear lag 5. Flange curling 146 42. BENDING STRENGTH AND DEFLECTION 147 In general, long-span, shallow beams are governed by deflection and medium-length beams are controlled by bending strength, For short-span beams, shear strength may be critical For design tables and charts, reference should be made to Part II of the AISI Design Manual. 4.2 BENDING STRENGTH AND DEFLECTION 4.2.1 Introduction In the design of flexural members, sufficient bending strength must be pro- vided, and at the same time the deflection of the member under service loads should not exceed specitic limitations. A. ASD Method According to the design format discussed in Art 3.3.1.1 for the ASD method, Eq. (4.1) gives the following structural safety requirement for the flexural or bending strength: an where ‘M = required flexural strength or bending moment for ASD computed from nominal loads or working loads /, = allowable design flexural strength or bending moment de- termined by Eq. (4.2) M, Wa a2 In Eq, (4.2), 9, = factor of safety for flexural or bending strength 1.67 on the basis of Sec. 3.1.1 of the AISI Specification ‘M, ~ smallest nominal flexural strength or moment determined from the following four design considerations: 1, Section strength or bending moment of the cross sec- tion calculated in accordance with Art, 4.2.2 2, Lateral-torsional buckling strength calculated in ac- cordance with Art, 4.2.3 3. Section strength of beams having one flange through- fastened to deck or sheathing determined in accordance with Art, 4.2.4 4, Section strength of beams having one flange fastened to a standing seam roof system determined in accord- ance with Art, 4.2.5 148 FLEXURAL MEMBERS In addition to the above-listed four cases, consideration should also be given to shear lag problems for unusually short span beams (see Art, 4.2.6) ‘The current AISI design provisions do not consider torsional effects, such as those resulting from loads that do not pass through the shear center of the cross section.!"* For torsional analysis, see Appendix B. B. LRFD Method Based on the design format discussed in Art, 3.3.2.1 for the LRED method, the structural safety requirement for the flexural or bending strength is ex- pressed in Eq, (4.3): M, = My a3) where M, ~ required flexural strength or bending moment for LRFD com- puted from factored loads (see Arts. 3.3.2.1 and 33.2.2) 4 ~ resistance factor for reducing the flexural strength or bending moment 0.95 for the nominal section strength of flexural members with stiffened or partially stiffened compression flanges (Art. 4.2.2) 0.90 for the nominal section strength of flexural members with unstiffened compression flanges (Art. 4.2.2), the nominal lateral-torsional buckling strength (Art. 4.23), the section strength of beams having one flange through-fastened to deck or sheathing (Art. 4.2.4), and the section strength of beams hav- ing one flange fastened to a standing seam roof system (Art 425). ‘aM, ~ design flexural strength or bending moment M, was defined in Item A for the ASD method. 42.2 Section Strength or Bending Moment of the Cross Section Section C3.1.1 of the 1996 edition of the AISI Specification includes two design procedures for calculating the section strength of flexural members. Procedure I is based on “Initiation of Yielding” and Procedure I is based on “Inelastic Reserve Capacity.” Both design procedures are discussed in this Article. 4.2.2.1 Initiation of Yielding In Procedure 1 of the AISI Specification, the nominal moment, M,, of the cross section is the effective yield moment, M,, determined on the basis of the effective areas of flanges and the beam wed. ‘The effective width of the compression flange and the effective depth of the ‘web can be computed from the design equations presented in Chapter 3. ‘Similar to the design of hot-rolled steel shapes, the yield moment M, of a cold-formed steel beam is defined as the moment at which an outer fiber (ension, compression, or both) first attains the yield point of steel. This is 42. BENDING STRENGTH AND DEFLECTION 149 the maximum bending capacity to be used in elastic design. Figure 4.1shows several types of stress distribution for yield moment based on different lo- cations of the neutral axis. For balanced sections (Fig. 4.la) the outer fibers in the compression and tension flanges reach the yield point at the same time. However, if the neutral axis is eccentrically located, as shown in Figs, 4.1 and c, the initial yielding takes place in the tension flange for case b and in the compression flange for case c. Based on the above discussion, the nominal section strength for initiation of yielding is calculated by using Eq. (4.4) aa ao th 4 Neutral Neutral ik mL Fy 7

    También podría gustarte