Assignment -1: ECE 7440-T03 Advance Power System Protection

Generator Loss of Field and Out of Step Protection

Introduction:
In this assignment, you will study the operation of generator loss of field protection and generator
out of step protection through a power system simulated in PSCAD. In the assignment you need
to calculate the required settings for the respective relays and investigate the protection operation
with calculated settings. Submit a brief report that includes your calculations, essential simulation
results with short discussions, and conclusions.
Learning Objectives:
This assignment has the following learning objectives:
To learn the method of calculating settings for a generator loss of filed protection.
To learn the process of determining settings for a generator out of step protection.
To familiarize with modeling the loss of filed and out of step protection in PSCAD
To understand the operation of loss of field protection through simulations.
To understand the operation of out of step protection through simulations.

Simulated Power System and Generator Data [1]

The model of the single-machine infinite bus (SMIB) power system used in the simulation
studies is shown in Fig. 1. For the simplicity, transmission lines are represented as lump
inductors. The data for the power system and the generator are given in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

-Y

60 Hz, 230 MVA,

22 kV, generator 60 Hz, 300 MVA, 230 kV parallel 230 kV
22/230 kV transmission infinity bus
transformer lines

Fig 1. The single machine infinity bus (SMIB) system model used for the assignment

Table 1 Transmission line data

Transmission line series inductance per circuit per phase 0.24 H
Transmission line series resistance per circuit per phase 60 Hz
Transmission line shunt admittance neglected

Table 2 Transformer data

Rated frequency 60 Hz
Rated apparent power 300 MVA
Rated winding voltages 22 kV/230 kV
Winding connection -Yg
Series reactance 0.05 pu
Copper loss 0.001 pu

Table 4 Instrument transformer data

CT ratings (ratio) 7500 A : 5 A (1500)
VT ratings (ratio) 12.702 kV : 63.509 V (200)

Assignment 2: Generator LOF and OOS Protection 1

 Table 3 Generator data
Rotor type Round rotor
Rated frequency 60 Hz
Rated power 230 MVA
Rated voltage 22 kV
Inertia constant (H) 2s
Direct axis synchronous reactance - unsaturated (Xd) 2.2767 pu
Quadrature axis synchronous reactance - unsaturated (Xq) 2.2026 pu
Direct axis transient reactance - unsaturated (Xd) 0.2236 pu
Quadrature axis transient reactance - unsaturated (Xq) 0.4234 pu
Direct axis sub-transient reactance - unsaturated (Xd) 0.1680 pu
Quadrature axis sub-transient reactance - unsaturated (Xq) 0.1661 pu
Armature resistance (Ra) 0.0075 pu
Negative sequence reactance - unsaturated (X2) 0.1670 pu
Zero sequence reactance - unsaturated (X0) 0.0835 pu
Direct axis transient time constant - open cct. (Tdo) 9.0929 s
Quadrature axis transient time constant - open cct. (Tqo) 1.003 s
Direct axis sub-transient time constant - open cct. (Tdo) 0.048 s
Quadrature axis sub-transient time constant - open cct. (Tqo) 0.010 s
Neutral grounding resistance 15 pu

LOF and OOS Relay Settings

A PSCAD simulation case of the above power system including the models of Loss of Field
(LOF) and Out of Step (OOS) relays is given in file OMIB4Asg2ece7440.pscx.
Familiarize with the simulation case and verify whether all data are entered correctly. Follow
the instructions provided on the case to simulate various scenarios.
Inspect the LOF and OOS relay page modules and understand the models. You can also refer
to pages 2.3, 2-76 and 2-83 of SEL generator protection relay manual for more details.
(https://www.eiseverywhere.com/file_uploads/18341fa37d63f8428fde669fa759eb78_1_SEL
_300G_IM_20100830.pdf).
Following the procedure discussed in the class (based on IEEE generator protection tutorial),
determine the settings for the LOF relay. Remember that you need to set the relay impedance
values based on secondary ohms.
Following the procedure discussed in the class (based on IEEE generator protection tutorial),
determine the settings for the OOS relay for both single blinder and double blinder schemes.
Use the simulation case for system studies if necessary. Refer to of SEL manual for
additional information.
Present the steps of your calculation in the report with comments.
Verification of LOF and OOS Relay Operation and Settings
Enter the calculated settings to models. Make sure you enter the relevant values on the
models that plot Mho circles and blinders, if you want your settings correctly reflected on the
R-X plots.
Use the simulation case to verify the operation of LOF relay with the settings you
determined. Observe the protection under both full load and light load conditions. (You can
change the power flow by changing the initial voltage phase angle). Check the security of the
relay during external temporary faults.
Verify the operation of OOS relay under temporary faults, and during stable and unstable
power swings.
Present and discuss your results. Include only the essential graphs.

Assignment 2: Generator LOF and OOS Protection 2