Scribd Logo
Cargar

¡Te damos la bienvenida a Scribd!

  • Método WKB

    Cargado por

    João Ider
    11 vistas9 páginas
    método quantico wkb

    Título original

    método wkb

    Derechos de autor

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Formatos disponibles

    PDF o lea en línea desde Scribd

    ¿Le pareció útil este documento?

    ¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

    Denunciar este documento
    método quantico wkb

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como PDF o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Marcar por contenido inapropiado
    11 vistas9 páginas

    Método WKB

    Cargado por

    João Ider
    método quantico wkb

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como PDF o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Marcar por contenido inapropiado
    de 9
    8.3: The Connection Formulas 32! 8.3 THE CONNECTION FORMULAS In the discussion so far T have assumed that the “walls” of the potential well (0 the barrier) are vertical, so that the “exterior” solution is simple. and the boundary conditions trivial. As it turns out. our main resulls (Equations 8.16 and 8. reasonably accurate even When the edges are not so abrupt (indeed. in Gamow’s theory they were applied to just such a case). Nevertheless. it is of some interest to study more closcly what happens to the wave function at a tuming point (E = where the “classical” region joins the “nonclassical” region, and the WKB 326 Chapter 8 The WKB Approximation Linearized Patching| region xt Classical ~—«0—Nondlassical region region FIGURE 8.7: Enlarged view of the right-hand turning point. approximation itself breaks down, In this section I'l treat the bound state problem (Figure 8.1): you get to do the scattering problem for yourself (Problem 8.10)." For simplicity. let's shift the axes over so that the right-hand turning point occurs at v = 0 (Figure 8.7). In the WKB approximation. we have 1 oh pode bh ede aan [Beh +Ce J. ity o. vipOo] V(x) remains greater than E for all x > 0, we can exclude the positive exponent in this region, because it blows up asx —> 20.) Our task is to join the two solutions at the boundary. But there is a scrious difficulty here: In the WKB approximation, y goes to infinity at the turning point (where p(x) — 0). The tne wave function, of course, has no such wild behavior—as anticipated, the WKB method simply fails in the v of a turning point, And yet it is precisely the boundary conditions at the turning points that determine the allowed energies. What we need t0 do, then. is splice the two WKB solutions together. using a “patching” wave function that straddles the turning point. Since we only need the patching wave function (y,,) in the neighborhood of the origin, we'll approximute the potential by a straight line Vo S E+ VO. (8.32) SWiuming: The following argument & quite technical. and you may wish to skip it on a first rowing. Section 8.3: The Connection Formulas 327 and solve the Schrodinger for this linearized V: 2 Pp a. EP EL VOM y = EG. aa a Pe Wp Up: = 2 Phy os Te Te [8.33] where ws @ [= vo] 7 [8.34] The as can be absorbed into the independent variable by defining 50 that This is Airy’s equation. and the solutions are called Airy functions.” Since the Airy equation is a second-order differential equation, there are two Tinearly inde- pendent Airy functions. Ai(=) and Bi(2). TABLE 8.1: Some propernes of the Atry functions. Differential Equosion: on @ 2 Solutions: Linear combinanony of Airy Functions, 0c) and Bits. anne LL eon (esc) Ameer Representation: —A2)= 3 (Ses)an moet fsa] Asymptotic Forms: ada~ sage t Classically. linear potential means a carstaot Force. ane) hence a constant scveleration—the simplest pontrivial motion possible, and the starting point for elementary mechanics. It is ironie that the same poicetial in grantin mechanics gives rise 16 untaniar transcendental fonctions, and plays only a peripheral role in the theory 328 Ohipter 8 The WKB Approximation FIGURE 8.8: Graph of the Airy functions. They are related to Bessel functions of order 1/3: some of their properties are listed in Table 8.1 and they are plotted in Figure 8.8, Evidently the patching wave function is a linear combination of Ai(=) and Bi(=): Up) = GAi(ax) + bBiax). 18.37] for appropriate constants « and b. Now yp is the (approximate) Wave function in the neighborhood of the origin: our job is to match it to the WKB solutions in the overlap regions on either side (see Figure 8.9), These overlap zones are close enough to the turning point that the Tinearized potential is reasonably accurate (so that yp is a good approximation to the true wave function), and yet far enough away from the turing point thal the WKB approximation is reliable.!° In the overlap regions Equation 8.32 holds. and therefore (in the notation of Equation 8.34) px) & V2 E = EVO) = he’? Vox. (8.38) In particular, in overlap region 2. f [pcx dy’ = het? fo Sede = approximation tn thty reeton, whreh afer alls supposed lo be resonubly elise to the Lurning point at 7 ~ 0 ts0 thal the linear approxanzstion to the povertial is valid). But novice that the argument here ise. and if you study the mater carefully (see Problem 88) you will lind that there és (typically? a region in which «2x iy Rarye, but atthe same tine {tas reasonable to approsumate W(x) by a straight fine 330 © Chapter 8 The WKB Approximation Meanwhile, using the asymptotic form of the Airy function for large negative = (fable 8.1), the patching function (Equation 8.37, with b = 0) reads ~ 4 2 Bit Vp) cman sn [3-02 +2] a 1 Paty ier? _ pty iit-eus? =—*__. i = oti , Fie al ras J: saa Comparing the WKB and patching wave functions in overlap region I. we find gt Bg SC dia Vie YT iia or. putting in Equation 8.41 for a: =-ie™"'D, and C=Fe **/D. 18.45] ‘These are the so-called connection formulas. joining the WKB solutions at cither side of the tuming point, We're done with the patching wave function now—its ‘only purpose was to bridge the gap. Expressing everything in terms of the one normalization constant D. and shifting the turning point hack from the origin to an arbitrary point «2, the WKB wave function (Equation 8.31) becomes = T esas + 4] its sin vids . ifeer: Seta ie + ~ x] x") db ify > x2. seegte[-2 fitter]. teen Example 8.3 Potential well with one vertical wall. [magi that has one vertical side (atx = 0) and one sloping side (Figure 8.10). In this case YAO) = 0, so Equation 86 says, [8.46] (det podde tT ann =. or 4 aie pide =( no Yas. | | [8.47] lo Section 8.3: The Connection Formulas 334 FIGURE 8.10; Potential well with one vertical wall. For instance. consider the “half-harmonic oscillator.” Lay morx. if > 0. vio=} 2 18.48] oO. otherwise. In this case jaan ne where _! PE See is the turning point. So [a > m 2 rd dy =mo f fy — dy = —meoxz f a Jy VE ques and the quantization condition (Equation 8.47) yields, 37 E,= (2 }) he G Z Be [8.49] In this particular case the WKB approximation actually delivers the exact allowed energies (which are precisely the odd energies of the fill! harmonic oscillator —see Problem 2.42) 20) 332 Chapter 8 The WKB Approximation Example 8.4 Potential well with no vertical walls. Equation 8.46 connects the WKB wave functions at a turning point where the potential slopes upward (Figure 8.11(a)): the same reasoning. applied to a dowaward-sloping turning point (Figure 8.11(b)). yields (Problem 89) Pay so[-1 f" wun peal P nd pie) ifx

    También podría gustarte