Maculbe, Mariel Mae A.

September 25,2017
Process Dynamics and Control

I. Analog to Digital Conversion

Analog to Digital Conversion is a process in which analog signals, real world signals like
temperature, pressure, voltage, current, distance, or light intensity, into a digital representation of that
signal. This digital representation can then be processed, manipulated, computed, transmitted or stored.
An Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is a very useful feature that converts an analog voltage on a
pin to a digital number. By converting from the analog world to the digital world, we can begin to use
electronics to interface to the analog world around us.

II. Digital to Analog Conversion

Digital to Analog Conversion is a process in which signals having a few (usually two) defined
levels or states (digital) are converted into signals having a theoretically infinite number of states
(analog). The circuit that performs this function is a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). A Digital to
Analog Converter, or DAC, is an electronic device that converts a digital code to an analog signal such
as a voltage, current, or electric charge. Basically, it is the opposite of analog-to-digital conversion.

III. Applications
Audio Amplifier- DACs are used to produce DC voltage gain with Microcontroller commands
Video Encoder -send digital signals to a variety of DACs to produce analog video signals
Display Electronics- analog outputs signals to drive a display.
Data Acquisition Systems- Data to be measured is digitized by an Analog-to-Digital
Converter (ADC) and then sent to a processor.
Calibration-The DAC provides dynamic calibration for gain and voltage offset for accuracy
in test and measurement systems.
Music recording- ADC to create the pulse-code modulation (PCM) data streams that go
onto compact discs and digital music files
Scientific instruments uses ADC for digital imaging

Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog-to-digital_converter#Applications
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/analog-to-digital-conversion
https://www.elprocus.com/digital-to-analog-converter-dac-applications/
http://www.futureelectronics.com/en/data-converters/analog-to-digital-converters.aspx