1.

AIRPORT APRONS & HOLDINGBAYSPRESENTERS: Ahmad Nabisu/10-001-074013 Adil khan

su/10-001-074007 Hussain sardarsu/10-001-074039 Adam khan su/10-oo1-074005SARHAD
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYPESAHAWAR DATE:9th Feb 2013
2. Aprons Its the Portion of an airport usually paved in front ofTerminal building, for
Parking, Loading & Unloadingof Aircraft. Holding bays are also known as holding aprons,
Theyare provided at busy airports near the runways. They hold Planes Before its Takeoff to
wait till therunway is cleared.
3. Types of Aprons Terminal Apron. Cargo Apron. Parking Apron. Service and Hanger
Apron. Itinerant Apron. General Aviation Apron. Other Ground Servicing Apron.
4. Terminal Apron The area designed for aircraft maneuvering andparking adjacent to
passengers terminal facilities. From terminal apron passengers board the aircraft.
5. Cargo Apron Aircrafts that carry only fright and mail may be provided a separate cargo
apron adjacent to cargo terminal building.
6. Parking Apron Parking apron is the apron where aircrafts can beparked for a specific
period of time. It may be used for light periodic servicing andmaintenance. Parking aprons are
located as close to the terminalapron as possible.
7. Service and Hanger Aprons It is an apron where maintenance and repairing of an aircraft
is carried out under a hanger.
8. General Aviation Apron General aviation aircrafts, used for business or privateflying
which requires several categories of aprons tosupport different general aviation activities.
9. Transient Apron The aprons used for temporary parking of aircrafts isknown as transient
aprons. As access to fuelling and other services.
10. Design Requirement For Aprons Safety Efficiency Geometry Flexibility
11. safety Safety in apron implies that airport maintain specifiedclearance and follow the
established procedures toenter, move within and depart from apron areas. Aircraft security
should also considered in locating theaprons area can be protected from unauthorizedperson.
12. Efficiency Apron design should contribute towards establishing a high degree efficiency
for aircraft movement and the dispensing of aprons services.
13. Geometry The planning and design of any apron type dependentupon the number of
geometry consideration. E.g:The length and width of a land part for the aprondevelopment.
14. Flexibility Planning of apron should include an evaluation ofthe following flexibility
characteristics:1)Range of aircraft size2)Expansion capability
15. Range of aircraft sizea) Using one size of aircraft large enough for the largest aircraft
type.b) Using as many different size stand as there aircraft types.
16. Expansion capability Another key element of flexible apron system isallowance for
expansion to meet future needs. The apron should be designed in modular stages sothat
successive stages become integral addition to theexisting apron with the minimum disruption
toongoing activities.
17. Other Ground Servicing Aprons Areas for servicing, fueling or loading and unloading
should also be provided aprons as needed not all of the apron types are required for every airport,
but the need for them and their size should be estimated based on type and volume of forecast
airport traffic at the airport.
18. PASSENGER LOADING METHODS Planning the apron layout, methods for the
passenger loading must taken into account. Which are:Bridge loadingStationary loading bridge
and apron drive bridge. Movable steps Passenger transporters Aircraft contained steps
 19. Bridge loading In this method direct upper level loading is madepossible by bridge
loading. Permitting the passengers to board the aircraft fromthe upper level of the terminal
building. Two types of loading bridges are used. Stationary loading bridge and apron drive
bridge.
20. Stationary loading bridge A short loading bridge which extends from a projection in the
building as shown.
21. Apron drive loading bridge In this type, one end ofa telescoping gangwayis hinged to
theterminal building, theother end is supportedby steerable, powereddual wheel as shown.
22. Movable steps Movable stepsare pushed ordriven to theaircraft and setat door level.
The passengerswalk in theopen on theapron.
23. Passenger transporter Passengers board a bus orspecially designs passengertransporters
at the terminalbuilding.

What is an Airport Apron?

An airport apron is otherwise known as an airport ramp. It is an actual part of an airport and it serves
its own purpose in day to day operations. Simply put, it is the part of the airport that serves as the
parking area of airplanes. It is typically a lot more accessible for individuals compared to the taxiway
or the airports runway.
The airport apron is something like a loading dock where airplanes and other aircraft are loaded and
unloaded. This is also the area where airplanes are refueled. The airport ramp is also the specific
area in the airport where passengers board the plane. And like much of the other places in an
airport, it isnt accessible to everyone in general. Only those who have the proper licenses and
authorization may enter and work in the apron.
Talking about airport apron sizes, you would imagine it to cover a huge area since it should be able
to accommodate several airplanes at any given time. An international airport can have an apron with
a total area larger than 200 hectares or two million square meters.
The sizes of airport ramps generally depend on the size of the airport, its design, and its intended
capacity. Remember that people also work on different aircrafts in the ramp or apron. It serves other
purposes other than loading and unloading passengers and cargo.

Airport Apron/Airport Ramp Management

Every vehicle and everyone that moves in airport ramp are considered apron traffic. Take note that
the apron or ramp is always to be considered a work area. There is no place for loitering in this part
of the airport. Since this area is rather busy one should expect accident and other incidents to occur.
Thus there is a need to manage the operations of the apron.
As per instructions of the International Civil Aviation Organization, the airport ramp should never be
considered or used as an area to maneuver an aircraft. This is only one of the regulations used to
ensure the protection of all who use this facility.

Ramp/Apron Safety
One of the biggest concerns regarding ramps is personnel, aircraft, and overall facility safety. It is
quite sad that ramp accidents often occur since this area of an airport is a bit hazardous. Workers
either walk into moving aircrafts or get hit by one. Several safety rules are being implemented in this
working area.
One of the most fundamental safety regulations is that if you have no business to be in the ramp
then dont walk around in there. Enter the ramp area only when you are working on an aircraft. If not
then it would be better to simply just stay away. Another important rule is to always wear hearing
protection. The apron is a particularly noisy area with jet turbines generating really loud noise.
The ramp or apron area is the part of the airport where airplanes get to park, refuel, load/unload, and
get boarded. Those who are not working in the area should stay away from this workplace. The size
of an apron depends on the airports capacity, usually covering several hectares of land area for
international airports.
The airport apron is the area of an airport where aircraft are parked, unloaded or loaded,
refueled, or boarded. Although the use of the apron is covered by regulations, such as lighting
[1]

on vehicles, it is typically more accessible to users than the runway or taxiway. However, the
apron is not usually open to the general public and a license may be required to gain access.
The use of the apron may be controlled by the apron management service (apron
control or apron advisory) to provide coordination between the users.

The apron is designated by the ICAO as not being part of the maneuvering area. All vehicles,
aircraft and people using the apron are referred to as apron traffic.

Other terms
Airbus A380-800 operated by Qatar Airwaysat London Heathrow Airport apron outside Terminal 4 with a wide
range of ground handling equipments around such as aircraft container, pallet loader, ULD, jet air starter, belt
loader, pushback tug, catering vehicles and dollies.

Flight Line
The US Military typically refers to the apron area as the "Flight line".

Tarmac
Many people in the general public and news media refer to the apron at airports as "the tarmac"
despite the fact that most of these areas are often paved with concrete not tarmac, often referred
to as PQ (Pavement Quality) concrete. The term "tarmac" was used during an early aircraft
hijack episode in the Middle East. The reporter with a British accent reported that the aircraft
was parked "on the tarmac" and it stuck as a descriptive area. [citation needed]

Ramp
In the United States, the word ramp is an older term for an area where pre-flight activities were
done; an apron was any area for parking and maintenance. Passenger gatesare the main feature
of a terminal ramp. The word apron is the ICAO and FAA terminology (the word ramp is not),
so the word ramp is not used with this meaning outside the US, Canada, Maldives, and the
Philippines.

See also
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad_tie