What is IOTA?

OVERVIEW
IOTA is a completely new and innovative distributed ledger technology designed to improve on the limitations
of current blockchain design. The highlight of IOTA is the Tangle, IOTA's answer to the blockchain, in which
tokens can be transferred without any fees! This enables micro payments which is ideal for the Internet of
Things economy, which is one of the primary industries IOTA targets.

BRIEF HISTORY
IOTA was founded by 4 individuals: David Snsteb, Sergey Ivancheglo (@come-from-beyond), Dr. Serguei
Popov (@mthcl), and Dominik Schiener in 2015.

This team has been involved in the crypto space for years and was also behind NXT and the Proof-of-Stake
algorithm, which many coins currently use. Working on a stealth microprocessor, Jinn, IOTA was born out of
necessity for a compensation layer in the Economy of Things. IOTA held a crowdsale in November/December
of 2015, which it raised a total of 1337 Bitcoin. The devs and founders as well had to participate in the
crowdsale as nothing was held back for a premine or for the Foundation. 100% of the tokens were distributed.

When first launched total supply of the IOTA was 999,999,999.999.999. This was later changed to
2,779,530,283,277,761 IOTA instead to optimize for IoT devices, clarified in this tech update. You can confirm
the total supply in the below graphic. Exchanges are currently trading in Mi. Ex. there are ~2,779 Ti in
circulation.

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July 11, 2016 - IOTA main-network goes live.
June 13, 2017 - IOTA launched on exchanges (Bitfinex currently).
July 11, 2017 - Last day to claim IOTA tokens from the crowdsale.

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IOTA FOUNDATION
In March of 2016, a call was made by David to the community to raise funds for the IOTA Foundation. Over 5%
of the total supply was voluntarily donated by the community to setup the foundation. The Foundation's
purpose is

"a continuation and expansion of the work that the founders of IOTA has already done including
networking, branding, marketing, land deals, getting companies to pilot / adopt IOTA, go to
conferences to present IOTA and in general keep the momentum of IOTA going and ensure long term
success of the project. "

Current Foundation Members

David Snsteb (IOTA Founder)

Sergey Ivancheglo (IOTA Founder)
Serguei Popov (IOTA Founder)
Dominik Schiener (IOTA Founder)
David A. Cohen
Dr. Navin Ramachandran
Carsten Stcker
Gideon Samid
Per Lind
Regine Haschka Helmer
Wilfried Pimenta de Miranda
Jochen Renz
John D. Halamka
Cyril Grunspan

THE TANGLE

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At the heart of IOTA is the Tangle, a blockchain with no blocks and no chain! This distributed ledger
technology is based on a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph), that still functions similar to a blockchain with a P2P
network and validation mechanism.

IOTA merges both the user and the validator into the same entity. For every single transaction issued, a small
PoW is performed to validate 2 prior transactions. This takes miners completely out of the equation which can
cause all sorts of centralization issues. With IOTA, the entire network of participants are responsible for
approving and validating transactions. The more people use IOTA, the more transactions will be confirmed.
Here is a visualization of the tangle.

Selection of transactions to approve is done by MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo) randomization.

For consensus, how the network reaches agreement is essential to the integrity of the network. One of the lead
developers, Sergey Ivancheglo, gave a Consensus Masterclass, that goes into depth on how this is achieved.

Without miners in the equation, IOTA is able to scale with no fees! This allows micropayment and even
nanopayment settlement use cases. Furthermore, as the network grows so does its scalability, solving both the
main problems of blockchain (scaling and fees) with 1 stone ...

For a more in-depth look at the Tangle, you can browse the Tangle Whitepaper.

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ROADMAP

With every token and platform, a roadmap gives investors and developers a picture of where the founders
envision they are going. In March 2017, the IOTA Development Roadmap was released.

CLIENT DEVELOPMENT

Java - Core IOTA Reference Implementation (IRI) was written in Java. (Done)
C++ - Most supported languages in the world, this client is the highest priority (Early Port Stage)
Rust - Great language for IoT (Early Development)
Go - Already used in the IOTA Sandbox (Early Development)
ALTERNATE CLIENTS

Light Client - Bare bones and lightweight, connects to a full node (Done)
Swarm Client - Client that shards the core logic/database then allows them to collectively run it
(Research Stage)

NEW FEATURES

Improved Network - Peer discovery and network brokering (Active Research)

Automated Snapshotting - Snapshotting allows the database to remain small for network use
(Development & Testing)

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 IXI MODULES

Identity of Things - Unique identifiers with attributes for the machine economy (Preliminary Stages)
Permanodes - These nodes will store the 'entire' Tangle apart from snapshotting (Alpha Testing)
Flash Network - True scalability with unlimited throughput (Mid-Stage Development)
Masked Authenticated Messaging (MAM) - Allows encrypted data to be sent/received with no fees.
Quantum proof! (Beta Testing)
Private Transactions - Like MAM for data, transactional privacy is coming (Early Development)
Oracles - Like smart contracts, an oracle machine can solve decision problems (Advanced Development)

ECOSYSTEM PROJECTS

Stress Testing - Continuous testing of scalability and throughput (Ongoing Planning and Testing)
Public Simulations - Simulation framework to see the Tangle in action (Awaiting Peer Review)
Sandbox - Allows developers to dive right in and test out the network (Go here) Learn -
Tutorials, resources, and code snippets for the community (Go here)

SECURITY

IOTA looks ahead. IOTA uses a hash-based signatures instead of elliptic curve cryptography. They use
Winternitz signature which makes IOTA quantum proof. The hash function is called Curl.

Quantum computing is rapidly approaching and will continue to enter the crypto discussion more and more.
IOTA's quantum resistant algorithm will ensure the protection of its network, data, and transactions.

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OFFICIAL LINKS
IOTA Website
IOTA Forum
IOTA Blog
Slack
BitcoinTalk
IOTA Learn
WhitePaper
Reddit
Twitter
IOTA Developer Hub
Tangle Explorer

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