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BASIC TEXT: BOOK 1, REVISED PENAL CODE (REYES) CRIMINAL LAW: DEFINITION AND SOURCES
A. Definition B. State authority to punish crime
1.
Sources
Constitution (1987), Art. II, Sec. 5 Constitution (1987), Art VI, Sec. 1 CASES:
People v. Santiago, 43 Phil 124 (1922) US v. Pablo, 35 Phil 94 (1916)
2.
Limitations Constitution (1987), Art. III, Secs, 1, 14111 2000 Revised Rules on
Criminal Procedure, Rule 115 Civil Code, Art. 2 Visiting Forces Agreement CASES:
Pesigan v, Angeles, 129 SCRA 174 (1984)
3.
I
2.
Territoriality of Criminal Law RPC, Art. 2 Constitution (1987), Art. 1 VFA, Art. V
(See Art. 163 & 166, RPC) CASE: US v. Ah Sing, 36 Phil 978 (1917) Miquiabas v.
Commanding General, 80 Phil 262 (1948)
2.
Prospectivity of Criminal Law RPC, Arts. 21, 22 Civil Code, Art. 4 CASE: Gumabon v.
Director of Prisons, 37 SCRA 420 (1971) &Vlum Crimen Nu!la Poena Sine Lege RPC,
Arts. 3, 21 CASES: Bernardo v. People, 123 SCRA 365 (1983) People v. Pimentel, 288
SCRA 542 (1998) David vs. GMA, 489 SCRA 160, 259
2.
3.
Constitution (1987), Art. III, Sec. 14 (2) CASE: Pascual v. Board of Examiners, 28
SCRA 344 (1969) D. GENERAL PROVISIO~sS RPC, Art. 1, 2 1:. I FELONIES A.
FIC)"'JCOMP-M-FTED I. Dolo, RPC, Art. 3 a. b. c. d. Elements Presumption of
Criminal Intent General and specific intent Intent and motive
CASES: People v. Temblor, 161 SCRA 623 (1988) People v. Hassan, 157 SCRA 261 (1988)
People v. Delos Santos, 403 SCRA 153 (2003)
2
e. Mistake of Fact
C AS FES ~
US v. Ah Chong, 15 Phil 488 (1910) People v. Oanis, 74 Phil 257 (1943) 2. Culpa
RPC, Arts. 3, 365 a. Elements b. Distinguished from dolo
CASE:
People v. Buan, 22 SCRA 1383 (1968) People vs. Pugay, 167 SCRA 439 C.
C1
1
01'OES DEFINED AND PENALIZED BY SPECIAL LAWS Crimes mala in se and mala Prohibita
CASE:
Estrada v. Sandiganbayan 369 SCRA 394 (2001) 2. Relation of RPC to special laws
RPC, Art. 10
CASES:
Padilla v. Dizon, 158 SCRA 127 (1988) Padilla Collet ol Appeals, 259 SCRA 402
(1997) People v. Sa l ey, 291 SCRA 715 (1993) People v. 'Dimon, 234 SCRA 555 (1994)
Ladonga v. People, 451 SCRA 673 (20015) People v. Bustinera, 431 SCRA 284 (2004.)
C. FU," 71SHABLE CONDUCT
16
Wrongful act
CASE:
People v. Sabalones, 294 SCRA 751 (1988) 2 . O m i s s i o n RPC, Arts. 116, 137,
208, 223, 2234,A Pres. Dec. Nos. 953, 1153 3 . Proposal and Conspiracy
+,
275
RPC, Arts. 8, 115, 136, 141, 186, 306, 340 CASES: US v. Bautista, 6 Phil. 581
(1906) People v. Vengco, 127 SCRA 242 (1984) People v. Valdez, 159 SCRA 153 (1988)
People v. Escober, 157 SCRA 541 (1988) People v. Elijorde, 306 SCRA 188 (1999)
People v. Fabro, 325 SCRA 285 (2000) People v. Bello, 428 SCRA 388 (20.04) Li v.
People, 427 SCRA 217 (2001) People v. Bagano, 375 SCRA 470 (2002) People v.
Bangcado, 346 SCRA 189 (2000) People v. Ramos, 427 SCRA 299 (2004)
4 . A t t e m p t RPC, Art. 6
CASES: People v. Lamahang, 61 Phil 703 (1935) People v. Dio, 130 SCRA 151 (1984)
People v. Trinidad, 169 SCRA 51 (1989) People v. Campuhan, 329 SCRA 270 (2000)
People v. Listerio, 335 SCRA 40 (2000)
5. Frustration RPC, Art.6
CASES: People v. Erinia, 50 Ph: ; !. 998 (1927) People v. O-.i'La, -184 SCRA 105
(1990) People v. Caballero, 400 SCRA 424 (2003)
6 . Consummation RPC, Art. 6
CASES: US v. Adiao, 38 Phil 754 4 (1955) People v. Hernandez, 49 Phil 980 (1925) D.
Classification of Felonies
1. Grave '2. Less Grave 3. Light Felonies
, 1
4
1. Commission of felony 1. Wrongful act different from what was intended 2.
Impossible crimes
RPC, Art. 4 CASES: U rba no v. IAC, 157 SCRA 1 ( 1998) Intod v. CA, 215 SCRA 52
(1992) Quinto vs. Andres, 453 SCRA 511 (2005) People v. Valledor, 383 SCRA 653
(2001) B. Circumstances affecting criminal liability
1. Justifying circumstances
2. Exempting Circumstances
RPC, Art. 12 INSANITY AND IMBECILITY CASES: In Re: M'Naghten, 8 Eng. Rep. 718
(reserve section Library) People v. Tabugoca, 285 SCRA 312 (1998) People v.
Madarang, 332 SCRA 99 (2000) People v. Bonoan, 64 Phil 87 (1937) People v. Taneo,
58 Phil 255 (1933) People v. Formigones, 87 Phil 658 (1950) People v. Valledor, 383
SCRA 653 (2002) MINORITY R.A. 9344 Sec. 6 (Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of
2006) RPC, Art. 80 Pres. Dec. No. 603, Arts. 189 et seq. ~~-ule on Commitment of
Children No. 02-1-19-SC) I -, Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with Law (A.M. No. 02-
1-18-SC) CASE: People v. Doquena, 68 Phi: 580 (1939) Jose v. People, 448 SCRA
116(2005) Llane v. People, 438 SCRA 376 (200,S) e. ACCIDENT US v. Tanedo, 15 Phil.
196 (1910) People v. Bindoy, 56 Phil 15 (1931) People v. Concepcion, 386 SCRA 74
(2002) People v. Agliday, 367 SCRA 273 (2001) IRRESISTIBLE FORCE-IFUNCONTROLLABLE
FEAR People v. Using, 285 SCRA 595 (1998) People v. Elicanal, 35 Phil 209 (1916) US
v. Caballeros, 4 Phil 350 (1905)
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People v. Fronda, 222 SCRA 71 (1993) Ty v. People 439 SCRA 220 (2004)
3. Mitiaatina Circumstances
RPC, Art. 13 INCOMPLETE JUSTIFICATION/EXEMPTION UNDER 18 OR OVER 70 YEARS OF
AGE NO INTENTION TO COMMIT SO GRAVE A WRONG CASES: People v. Ural, 56 SCRA 138
(1974) People v. Amit, 32 SCRA 95 (1970) People v. Regato, 127 SCRS 287 (1984)
People v. Collet, 382 SCRA 43 (2002) SUFFICIENT PROVOCATION OR THREAT People v.
Pagal, 79 SCRA 570 (1977) Romero v. People 434 SCRA 467 (2004) i -J C,
''`DIP
VOLUNTARY SURRENDER CASES: People v. Coronet, 17 SCRA 509 (1966) People v. Pinta,
318 SCRA 270 (1999) People v. Amaguin, 229 SCRA 166 (1994) People v. Dulos, 237
SCRA 141 (1994) Andrade v. People, 452 SCRA 685 (2005). PLEA OF GUILT People
People People People v. Crisostomo, 160 SCRA 47 (1988) v. Jose. et al., 37 SCRA
450 (1971) v. Montinola, 360 SCRA 631 (2001) v. Dawaton, 389 SCRA 277 (2002)
CASES:
People v. Capalac, 1117 SCRA 874 (1082)) People v. Gapasin, 231 SCRA 728 (1994)
People v. Villamor, 373 SCRA 254 (2002) L IN CONTEMPT OF OR WITH INSULT TO PUBLIC
AUTHORITIES
VVITH INSULT OR LACK OF REGARD DUE TO OFFENDED PARTY By RTHASON OF RANK, AGE, OR
SEX DWELLING People v. Rodil, 109 SCRA 308 (1981) People v. Daniel, 86 SCRA 511
(1978) People v. Bahez-, 301 SCRA 248 (1999) People v. Lapaz, 171 SCRA 539 (1989)
People v. Taboga, 376 SCRA 500 (2002) People v. De Mesa, 354 SCRA A \ 397 (2001) 8
People v. Montinola, 360 SCRA 631 (2001) People v. Tano, 331 SCRA 448 (2000) People
v. Rios, 333 SCRA 823 (2000) People v. Arizobal, 348 SCRA 143 (2000) ABUSE OF
CONFIDENCE AND OBVIOUS UNGRATEFULNESS People v. Mandolado, 123 SCRA 128 (1983)
People v. Arrojado, 350 SCRA 679 (2001)
CC-\ZI1'y4,E IN PALACE OR IN PRESENCE OF THE CHIEF RPC, Art. 296 CASES: People v.
Jose, supra People v. Desalisa, 229 SCRA 35 (1994) People v. Silva, 387 SCRA 77
(2002) Peoplev. Ancheta, 431 SCRA 42 (2004) People v. Librando, 335 SCRA 232 (2000)
RECIDIVISM RPC, Art. 160 CASE: People v. Molina, 336 SCRA 400 (2000) People v.
Dacillo, 427 SCRA 528 (2004) R'-HiTERACION OR HABITUALITY RPC, Arts, 62(5), 160
CASE: People v. Gaorana, 289 SCRA 652 (1998) People v. Villapando, 178 SCRA 341
(1989) People v. Cajara, 341 SCRA 192 (2000) PR!CE. REWARD OR PROMISE
INUNDATION, FIRE, POISON EVIDENT PREMEDITATION People v. Bibat, 290 SCRA 27
(1998) People v. Lug-aw, 229 SCRA 308 (1994) People v. Camilet, 142 SCRA 402 (1986)
People v. llaoa, 233 SCRA 231 (1994) People v. Mondijar, 392 SCRA 356 (2002) People
v. Torpio, supra People v. Bernal, 388 SCRA 211 (2002) People v. Biso, 400 SCRA 483
(2003) 9
SUPERIOR STRENGTH OR MEANS TO WEAKEN DEFENSE People v. Cabato, 160 SCRA 98 (1988)
People v. Ruelan, 231 SCRA 650 (1994) People v. Padilla, 233 SCRA 46 (1994) People
v. Lobrigas, 394 SCRA 1-170 (2002' Pcople v. Barcelon, 389 SCRA 556 (2002) People
v. Sansaet, 376 SCRA 426 (2002) People v. Ventura, 433 SCRA 389 (2004)
TREACHERY
People v. Castillo, 289 SCRA 213 (1998) People v. Sangalang, 58 SCRA 737 (1974)
People v. Gutierrez, 158 SCRA 614 91988) People v. Verchez, 233 SCRA 174 (1994)
People v. Rendaie, 344 SCRA -1-38 (2000) People v. Um3yam, 381 SCRA 323 (2002)
People v. Piedad, 30,3 SCRA 488 (2002) People v. Dumadag, 431 SCRA 65 (2004)
IGNOMINY People v. Siao, 327 SCRA 231 (2000) People v. Cachola, 420 SCRA 520 (2004;
People v. Bumidang, 346 SCRA 807 (2000)
BREAKING WALL, FLOOR, ROOF WITH AID OF PERSONS UNDER 15 OR BY MOTOR VEHICLE CRUELTY
People v. Lacao, 60 SCRA 89 (1974) People v. llaoa, supra People v. Catian, 374
SCRA 514 (2002), People v. Guerrero, 389 SCRA 389 (2002)
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SPECIAL AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCE / QUALIFYING RPC, Art. 266-B PD 1866 as amended by
R.A. 8294 (06 July 1997) CASE: k )2000 ' People v. Balgos, 323 SCRA 3 2 i People vs
Ladjaalam, 340 SCRA 617 (2000)
7
5. Alternative Circumstances
RPC, Art. 15 RELATIONSHIP CASE: People v. Atop, 286 SCRA 157 (1998) People v.
Marcos, 349 SCRA 537 (2001) INTOXICATION People v. Renejane, 158 SCRA 258 (1988)
People v. Camano, 115 SCRA 688 (1982) DEGREE OF INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATION
1. Principals
RPC, Art. 17 a. by direct participation CASES: People v. Nunag, 173 SCRA 274 (1989)
People v. Dela ' Cerna, 21 SCRA 569 (1967) People v. Dacillo, 427 SCRA 528 (2004)
b. by induction People v. Dela Cruz, 97 SCRA 385 (1980) US v. Indianan, 24 Phil.
203 (1913) c. b y i n d i s p e n s a b l e c o o p e r a t i o n People v.
Montealegre, 1611 SCRA 700
(1988)
2. Accomplices
RPC, Art. 18 CASES: People v. Mandolado, supra People v. Doctolero. 193 SCRA 632
{1991) People v. Roche, 330 SCRA 91 (2000) People v. Pilola, 405 SCRA134 People v.
Garcia, 373 SCRA 134 (2002')
1
3. Accessories RPC, Arts. 1n. Presidential Decree No. 1612 CASE: People v.
Talingdan, 84 SCRA 19 (1978) People v. To!entinc), 380 SCRA 171 (2002) People v.
Mariano, 347 SCRA 109 (2000) B. In Light Felonies V. PENALTIES LTIES A. General.
Principles 1. No ex post facto laws and other Constitutional prohibitions RPC, Art.
21
Constitution (1987), Art. 111, Secs. 18(1) & (2), 19(1), 20, 22 CASES: In Re: Kay
Villegas Kami, 35 SCRA 429 (1970) People v. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382 (1972) People v.
Bracamonte, 257 SCRA 380 People v. Valdez, 304 SCRA 611 (11999) 2. Prospectivity;
Exception RPC, Arts. 21, 22 Civil Code, Art. 4 CASES: People v. Gallo, 315 SCRA 461
0999) People,,,-. Patalin, 311 SCRA 18-t (1999) 3.
Effect of Repeal of Penal Laws
a. b.
Republic Act No. 913-.0 ~,-;ng, the imposition oft de-ath penalry" Republic Act No.
7659 Republic Act No. 8177 and Implementing Rules a,-i.d Reg-ilations Constitution
(1987), Art. III, Sec. 19 RPC, Arts. 40, 47, 81-85 CASES: People v. Echegaray, 257
SCRA 5,51 (11996) Echegaray v. Secretary of justice, G.R. No. 132601, Resolution
dated 4 and 19 January 1999 301 SCRA 96 People v. Esparas, et al. 260 SCRA 539
(1996) People v. Munoz, 170 SCRA 107 (1989)
2. A f f l i c t i v e P e n a l t i e s RPC,
13
i.
As Indivisible Penalty
CASE:
People v. Gatward, 267 SCRA 785 (1997) People v. Ramirez, 356 SCRA 595 (2001) ii.
Di s ti ng u i sh fr o m L if e Im pr is o n me nt People v. Ballabare, 264 SCRA
350 (1996) b. c. Reclusion Temporal Prision Mayor
41-45
D. Measures Not Considered Penalty RP""', Art. 24 Family Code, Art. 228-229 E.
Application and Computation of Penalties 1. Generally
14
RPC, Arts. 28, 29, 46
CASE: People v. Formigones, 87 Phil. 658 (1950)
2. Principals, Accomplices and Accessories in Consummated, Frustrated and Attempted
Felonies
RPC,
Art. 48 CASES: People v. Escober, supra People v. Hernandez, 99 Phil. 515 (1,9561.
People v. Geronimo, 100 Phil. 99 (1956) Ponce Enrile v. Salazar, 186 SCRA 217
(1990) People v. Tol~ng, 62 SCRA 17 (1975) !`J`onteverda. v. People, 387 SCRA 196
(2002) People v. Gonzalez, 359 SCRA 362 (20011) -People v. Comadre, 431 SCRA 366
(2004) People v. Delos Santos, 355 SCRA 415 (2001) People v. Velasquez, 345 SCRA
728 (2000)
2. Special Complex Crimes
People v. Fabon, 328 SCRA 302 (2000) People v. Empante, 306 SCRA 251 (1999)
3. Crime different from that intended
RPC, Art. 49
4. Impossible Crimes
RPC,
Arts. 4(2), 59
5.
RPC, Art. 58
15
6.
Where the offender is below 18 years old RPC, Art. 68 Presidential decree No. 603,
Art. 192 The Three-Fold Rule RPC, Art. 70 CASE:
7.
8.
Where the penalty is composed of three periods RPC, Art. 65 G. The Indeterminate
Sentence Law Act No. 4103 RPC, Art. 64 CASES: Dela Cruz v. CA, 265 SCRA 299 (1996)
People v. Campuhan, supra People v. Saley, supra Execution and Service of Penalties
1. Execution of Penalties RPC, Arts. 78, 86-88 Rules and Regulations to Implement
RA No. 8177 In the Matter of the Petition for Habeas Corpus of Pete C. Lagran, 363
SCRA 275 (2001)
V1.
I6
Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190 (1989) Presidential Ad Hoc Fact-Finding
Committee on Behest Loans v. Desierto, 363 SCRA 489 (2001) People v. Abungan, 341
SCRA 258 (2000) Recebido v. People, 346 SCRA 881 (2000) Del Castillo v. Torrecampo,
394 SCRA 221 (2002) People v. Patricia 341 SCRA 464 (2000) B. Partial Extinction
RPC, Arts. 94-99 Vla. CIVIL LIABILITY ARISING FROM A FELONY A. General Rule RPC,
Art. 100 Civil Code, Arts. 20, 1161, 2176, 2177 2000 Rules on Criminal Procedure,
Rule 111 CASESQuinto v. Andres, supra Chua v. CA 443 SCRA 142 (2004) Basilio v. CA,
328 SCRA 341 (2000) Philippine Rabbit v. People 427 SCRA 526 (2004) B. Special
Cases
1.
1.
2.
Imbecility and those Over 9 and Under 15 Years of Age State of Necessity
Irresistible Force, Uncontrollable Fear of Greater or Equal Injury
Insanity,
RPC, Art. 103 CASE. Carpio v. Doroja, 180 SCRA 1 (1989) C. What Civil Liability
Includes RPC, Arts. 104-108 D. Persons Civilly Liable RPC, Arts. 108-111 E.
Extinction of Civil Liability RPC, Arts. 112-113 Civil Code, Art. 12331
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