Designed The Oscillator Wien Bridge For Sensor

Applications In Signal Conditioner Conductivity

Kelik Fazar Hadi Saputro
Faculty of Science and Technology of the University of Al Azhar Indonesia

Jl. Sisingamangaraja, Kebayoran Baru, Selong, RT.2 / RW.1, Selong, Kebayoran. Baru, South Jakarta,
Jakarta Raya 12110

Email: kelikfazar@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Wien bridge oscillator (Wien Bridge oscillator) is used to generate frequencies without requiring the input signal, with
a frequency range of 5 Hz to about 1 MHz. This oscillator using negative feedback and positive feedback. Positive
feedback on the feed back through the network leads to a non-inverting input lag, whereas negative feedback via a
voltage divider to the inverting input. Requirements that must be met to build a wien bridge oscillator circuit is the
determination of the resistor and capacitor deciding output frequency. This relates to the signal conditioning operations
imposed on the signal in order to convert those signals into a form corresponding to that required to interface with the
other elements in the system instrumentation. Water quality can be identified in physics that is by measuring the
electrical conductivity in the solution using a measuring instrument conductivity of the solution and the amount of
solute is called Total Dissolved Solid (TDS).

Keywords: Wien bridge oscillator, Signal conditioning, Conductivity

figure, the system amplifier A with feedback

B.Usually feedback system designed to achieve a
1. INTRODUCTION
stable state at the output with a set portion of the
Sine wave generator is the main strengthening of the feedback to the specified value.
instrument that should exist in every electronics
design workshop. For example required for But there is a situation where the system becomes
testing the HiFi audio circuit that requires a unstable. Mathematically this system is modeled by
sinusoidal signal as an input. In this paper will
discuss the phenomenon of the oscillator, how drawing 3-2.
these signals are raised and the realization of the
circuit. There are many types of oscillators are
known according to the name of the inventor,
among others Amstrong, Colpitts, Hartley and
others. But in this article will be in Wien-bridge
oscillator which can be realized with two op-
amps and a few passive components. How to
create oscillation phenomenon occurs because
there is instability in the amplifier system with Figure 3- 1: the amplifier system with
feedback. feedback

2. BASIS THEORY

2.1 Wien-bridge oscillator

Figure 3- 2: amplifier system model
The oscillation phenomenon created because (formula1)
there is instability in the amplifier system with
In Formula 1, the system becomes unstable if 1
feedback. To more clearly seen in the following
+ AB = 0 or AB = -1. So Vout / Vin in the formula
becomes infinite value. This situation is known as
Barkhausen criteria. AB = -1 can also be written:

AB = 1 (F - 180 )

It is a condition of oscillation, if and only if the

overall system gain = 1 and phase shifted signal
(phase shift) from 180o. As already known in the
passive filter circuit, one level (single pole) RL or Figure 3- 4: wien-bridge oscillator circuit
RC circuit can shift the phase of the signal at 90o. A reinforcement theory is known is the
At least a series of phase shifter 2 levels to 180 strengthening of the op-amp circuit formed
by the resistor Rf and Rg coupled to the
phase shifted signals. Actually the LC circuit is
negative input of the op-amp. Strengthening
pengeser level of phase 2, but for the application of the formula :
low frequency (<1 MHz) will be required
inductance value L is relatively large with a large
physical size as well. So that at the time avoided
the use of inductor L but using RC phase shifter Figure 3- 5: strengthening of the op-amp
circuit 2 levels. (Formula 2)

In a series of image-3 is known Rf =

2RG, pengguat so great A = 3. With this result, to
qualify oscillation where AB = 1 then B should
gain 1/3. Due to space limitations, the reader can
analyze its own series of phase shifter in Figure 2
with the oscillations pesyaratan is Vout / Vin =
1/3. Readers will find that the phase shifter
Figure 3- 3: RC phase shifter circuit 2 levels
circuits will reach its maximum value at a certain
frequency. The maximum value will be achieved
if wc = R and unknown w = 2pF. Moreover, if it
2.2 Wien-bridge oscillator circuit with an
can be described largely unknown frequency :
op-amp

oscillator so called because its inventor Max

Wien was born in 1866 in Kaliningrad Russia and
lived in Germany was the first to instigate a phase Figure 3- 6: resonant frequency
shifter 2 levels. The whole shape of the circuit in (Formula 3)

Figure 3 below. This is the analogy of a chain of

feedback systems such as image models 1. Of
course you can now show where the amplifier A
and feedback with reinforcement B.
This is known as resonant frequency (resonant
frequency). Wien oscillator thus created will
generate a sine wave with the resonance
frequency.
3. 3 Bridge 4. Results

Why this circuit is given frills bridge

(bridge)? Where is the bridge? This question may
impair your thinking a bit that did not see the
bridge circuit in figure 3-4. How 3-4 images
created back into the picture 3-7 below.

Figure 4- 1: analysis of signal conditioning

Figure 3- 7: Wien bridge
.
3. Research Methods
In the practical work this time, the authors designed
a wien bridge oscillator for applications in sensor
signal conditioner conductivity using Proteus 8
professional software and proceed with the design
protoboard, PCB, Potentiometer 1k, 2 diodes,
resistors 5, each have 10k voltage, 2 capacitors for
0.22u, a 12V power supply, and two op-amp is
LM324 and LM741. the design is done in
accordance with predetermined specifications.
signal conditioning or signal conditioning means
of manipulating the signal so that the signal
characteristics according to process requirements.
This element is useful to condition the output of
the sensor which can be further processed.
Several treatments are used to condition the
signals, among other things, strengthening
(reinforcement), filtering (filtering), attenuation
(weakening), and so forth.
4.1 The results of the trial software

Figure 4- 2: proteus 8 professional analysis

We can see where a potentiometer is changed to

0%, then the signal will be a box. Because it is a
prefix of the output signal issued on 8 proteus
professional oscilloscope.
Figure 3- 8: Prototype
 REFERENCE

[1]http://www.electronicstutorials.ws/oscillator
/wien_bridge.html

[2]http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questio
ns/150931/how-to-calculate-the-amplitude-of-
a-wien-bridge-oscillator.

[3]http://sim.okawa-denshi.jp/en/CRtool.php

Figure 4- 3: proteus 8 professional analysis [4]http://yogambote.blogspot.co.id/2015/12/pen

gkondisi-sinyal.html
Meanwhile, when the potentiometer is changed to [5]Fuadasyifaulhttps://www.researchgate.net/p
50%, the output of the signal will be sinusoidal. ublication/285200367

[6]http://www.electronics-lab.com

Figure 4- 4 : proteus 8 professional analysis

If the potentiometer is changed to 100%, then the

output signal will only be a straight line

5. Conclusion

Wien bridge oscillator can generate frequencies in

the form of a sine wave with no input. The
resulting frequency is obtained through the RC
circuit as feeddback, so if the component R or C
changed it will affect the frequencies. For this
circuit the magnitude of R and C are arranged so
that the output frequency of at least 1 KHz.
Because when less than 1 KHz, it will cause the
circuit to become unstable, consequently becomes
inaccurate readings and timeless. To form a sine
wave is completely smooth, then every time the
measurement it must be ensured variable resistor in
a state of zero, then a little semi slightly rotated so
that its gain = 1, and the amplitude becomes
constant.