I HC BCH KHOA THNH PH H CH MINH

KHOA IN - IN T
B MN K THUT VIN THNG

BI TP V NH MN HC

MCH TCH HP SIU CAO TN

BI TP 2

Gio vin hng dn:

TS. HUNH PH MINH CNG

Hc vin:
NGUYN H B HI
M s: 13460526

TP. H CH MINH, 04/2014

Mch Tch Hp Siu Cao Tn Gio vin hng dn: TS. Hunh Ph Minh Cng

Problem 1:

a. Prove that the noise figure of a passive-lossy circuit with the loss of L is L (NF= L).
Hint: See part 10.2, David Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th Edition.
b. Compute the overall noise figure of fully matched receiver below.

Verify the result using APPCAD.

Solution:

a. Ta xt Noise Figure ca mt mng c nhiu c c trng bi li G, bng thng

B, v mt nhit nhiu tng ng Te nh sau:

Hnh 1.1: xc nh Noise Figure ca mt mng c nhiu.

Noise Figure NF c nh ngha nh sau:
Si / N i
NF 1 (1.1)
So / N o

Hc vin thc hin: Nguyn H B Hi . 2

Mch Tch Hp Siu Cao Tn Gio vin hng dn: TS. Hunh Ph Minh Cng

Trong cng sut nhiu ng vo l Ni = kT0B, T0 = 290 K, v cng sut nhiu ng ra l

tng ca nhiu ng vo c khuch i v nhiu c pht ra t bn trong N0 =
kGB(T0 + Te). Cng sut tn hiu ng ra l S0 = GSi. Thay kt qu vo cng thc (1.1) ta
c Noise Figure nh sau:
Si kGB (T0 Te ) T
NF 1 e 1 (1.2)
kT0 B GSi T0
Rt Te t (1.2) ta c:
Te ( F 1)T0 (1.3)
Trong thc t, mt mng hai ca bao gm linh kin th ng, tn hao nh mng c
phi hp vi in tr ngun ti nhit T bn di.

Hnh 1.2: xc nh Noise Figure ca mt ng truyn tn hao

vi suy hao L v nhit T.
H s suy hao L c nh ngha L = 1/G > 1, v cng sut nhiu ng ra l:

N 0 kTB GkTB GN added (1.4)

Trong , Nadd l nhiu c pht ra bi ng truyn, rt Nadd t (1.4) ta c:

1 G
N add kTB ( L 1)kTB (1.5)
G
T cng thc nhit nhiu tng ng ca mt in tr R phn phi mt cng sut
nhiu Nadd n ti R l:
N add 1 G
Te T ( L 1)T (1.6)
kB G
T (1.2) v (1.6) ta c:
T
F 1 ( L 1) (1.7)
T0

Hc vin thc hin: Nguyn H B Hi . 3

Mch Tch Hp Siu Cao Tn Gio vin hng dn: TS. Hunh Ph Minh Cng

T cng thc (1.7) ta thy, nu mng th ng v tn hao nhit T0 th F = L l iu

cn chng minh.
b. Tnh Noise Figure ca ton b h thng.

NF4=12dB=15.849
G4=0dB=1

NF3=1dB=1.259
NF1=0.1dB=1.023 G3=-1dB=0.794 NF5=1dB=1.259
G1=-0.1dB=0.977 G5=-1dB=0.794 NF6=6dB=3.981
NF2=3dB=1.995 G6=30dB=1000
G2=15dB=31.623

Hnh 1.3: xc nh Noise Figure ca ton b h thng.

Noise Figure ca ton b h thng c tnh theo cng thc sau:

NF2 1 NF3 1 NF4 1 NF5 1 NF6 1
NFtot NF1
G1 G1G2 G1G2G3 G1G2G3G4 G1G2G3G4G5
1.995 1 1.259 1 15.849 1 1.259 1
1.023
0.977 0.977 31.623 0.977 31.623 0.794 0.977 31.623 0.794 1
3.981 1

0.977 31.623 0.794 1 0.794

2.819 4.5 dB

Hc vin thc hin: Nguyn H B Hi . 4

Mch Tch Hp Siu Cao Tn Gio vin hng dn: TS. Hunh Ph Minh Cng

Kim chng kt qu s dng phn mm APPCAD ta c kt qu nh sau:

Hnh 1.4: xc nh Noise Figure ca ton b h thng

s dng phn mm APPCAD.
Ta thy kt qu tnh ton v kt qu thc hin trn phn mm APPCAD l hon ton
trng khp nhau.

Hc vin thc hin: Nguyn H B Hi . 5

Mch Tch Hp Siu Cao Tn Gio vin hng dn: TS. Hunh Ph Minh Cng

Problem 2:
Prove that the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) of a RF/Microwave system is
calculated as

2 IIP3 F
SFDR SNRout ,min
3
Where the input noise floor F is calculated:
F 174 dBm / Hz 10 log B NF
Solution:
Xt Noise Figure ca mt tng khuch i c li G v nhiu thm vo ng ra Na.

Si So = G.Si
Ni No = G.Ni + Na So
G (S/N)o
Na G G.Ni +Na
NF
G.Ni
Si
(S/N)i G
Ni +Na/G
NF
Ni

Hnh 2.1: xc nh Noise Figure ca h thng.

S / N i Si G.N i N a G.N i N a N
NF o
S / N o Ni G.Si G.N i G. N i (2.1)
N o G.N i .NF

Tnh theo dB ta c

N o G N i + NF = G + NF + 10 log(kTB )
G + NF + 10 log( B ) 10 log(1.38 1023 290)
G + NF + 10 log( B ) 174 dBm / Hz
Vy nhiu nn ng vo (input noise floor) F l

F N o G NF + 10 log( B) 174 dBm / Hz (2.2)

Hc vin thc hin: Nguyn H B Hi . 6

Mch Tch Hp Siu Cao Tn Gio vin hng dn: TS. Hunh Ph Minh Cng

SFDR (Spurious Free Dynamic Range) c nh ngha l cng sut tn hiu ng ra cc

i khi cng sut ca thnh phn hi bc ba bng vi mc nhiu ca mch.

Hnh 2.2: Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR).

Ta thc hin m hnh ton cho th hnh 2.2 nh sau

A
OIP3

1
D E

SFDR

3
C B
No

IIP3
Hnh 2.3: m hnh ton mch phi tuyn.

Hc vin thc hin: Nguyn H B Hi . 7

Mch Tch Hp Siu Cao Tn Gio vin hng dn: TS. Hunh Ph Minh Cng

Xt tam gic ABC ta c:

AB AB
BC DE BC
3 3

Tng t, xt tam gic ADE ta c:

AB
DE AE AE
3

Mt khc,
AB 2 2
DC BE AB AE AB AB OA OB
3 3 3
2 2
OIP3 N o IIP3 G F G
3 3
2
IIP3 F
3
2
SFDR DC IIP3 F
3
Trong trng hp b thu yu cu mc tn hiu thu ti thiu, hoc SNR ti thiu. iu
ny yu cu vic tng mc tn hiu ng vo, dn n vic gim SFDR mt cch tng
ng, v mc cng sut ca thnh phn hi bc ba vn bng cng sut nhiu.

A
OIP3

1
D E

SFDR
Po,min

SNR out,min 3
C B
No

O
Pin,min
IIP3

Hnh 2.4: m hnh vi yu cu mc cng sut thu ti thiu.

Hc vin thc hin: Nguyn H B Hi . 8

Mch Tch Hp Siu Cao Tn Gio vin hng dn: TS. Hunh Ph Minh Cng

Theo hnh 2.4 ta c:

2
SFDR DC DF IIP3 F Po, min N o
3
2
IIP3 F SNRout , min
3

Hc vin thc hin: Nguyn H B Hi . 9

Mch Tch Hp Siu Cao Tn Gio vin hng dn: TS. Hunh Ph Minh Cng

Problem 3:
Using Friis equation, find the total NF of a system having the BPF (with the insertion
loss of L) as the first block. What is your conclusion from the result?

NF1 = L NF2 , G2 NF3 , G3 NF4 , G4

G1=1/L

Hnh 3.1: xc nh Noise Figure ca h thng.

Solution:
Noise Figure ca ton b h thng c tnh nh sau:

NF2 1 NF3 1 NF4 1

NFtot NF1
G1 G1G2 G1G2G3
NF3 1 NF4 1
NF1 L NF2 1 (3.1)
G2 G2G3
NF3 1 NF4 1
L NF2
G2 G2G3

T (3.1) ta thy rng Noise Figure ca ton b h thng ph thuc vo suy hao chn L
(insertion loss) ca khi BPF. Nh vy, gim Noise Figure ca ton b h thng vi
s khi nh trn, ta phi thit k khi BPF c suy hao chn L cng nh cng tt.

Hc vin thc hin: Nguyn H B Hi . 10

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Problem 4:
Mt my thu siu cao tn hot ng dy tn s 2.4 GHz, nh hnh 1, c thit k c
h s nhiu l 3.2 dB. Cc thng s khc c cho nh bng bn di. My thu c
nhy -100 dBm. Bng thng tn hiu l 400 KHz. Xc nh:
a. T s cng sut tn hiu trn nhiu nh nht ng ra.
b. H s nhiu ca mch khuch i nhiu thp.
c. Tng cng sut nhiu ti ng ra c to ra bi cc mch in trong my thu.
d. IIP3, SFDR v Pout, 1dB ca my thu.
e. Nu hai tn hiu RF c tn s 2.39 v 2.41 GHz, c cng sut -60 dBm i vo my
thu, tnh cng sut ca cc thnh phn tn hiu ti ng ra ca my thu.

Hnh 4.1: s khi ca my thu.

Solution:
NFtot = 3.2 dB = 2.089 Psen = -100 dBm = 10-10 mW B = 400 KHz
f = 2.4 GHz
a. T s cng sut tn hiu trn nhiu nh nht ng ra.
Theo nh ngha, ta c h s nhiu ca h thng c tnh theo cng thc:

SNRin
NFtot (4.1)
SNRout

Rt SNRout t (4.1) ta c:

SNRin SNRin ,min

SNRout SNRout ,min (4.2)
NFtot NFtot

T s cng sut tn hiu trn nhiu nh nht ti ng vo SNRin,min c tnh nh sau:

Hc vin thc hin: Nguyn H B Hi . 11

 Mch Tch Hp Siu Cao Tn Gio vin hng dn: TS. Hunh Ph Minh Cng

Pin ,min Pin ,min

SNRin ,min (4.3)
N in kT0 B

Vy t s cng sut tn hiu trn nhiu nh nht ng ra l:

Pin ,min Pin ,min

SNRout ,min
N in .NFtot k .T0 .B.NFtot
1010.103
29,9 14,575 dB
1,38.1023.290.400.103.2, 089

b. H s nhiu ca mch khuch i nhiu thp.

NFBPF=L=2dB=1.585
GBPF=1/L=0.631 NFLNA? NFmix=6dB=3.981
IIP3BPF = GLNA=15dB=31.623 Gmix=8dB=6.31
IIP3LNA = -10dBm=0.1mW IIP3MIX = 0dBm=1mW

Hnh 4.2: li v h s nhiu ca tng khi.

Ta c, h s nhiu ca my thu c tnh theo cng thc:

NFLNA 1 NFMIX 1
NFtot NFBPF
GBPF GBPF GLNA
NFLNA 1 3.981 1
2.089 1.585
0.631 0.631 31.623
NFLNA 1.224 0.877 dB

c. Tng cng sut nhiu ti ng ra c to ra bi cc mch in trong my thu.

Cng sut nhiu ti ng ra bao gm:
N 0 GN i GN added (4.4)
Trong , G l li ca my thu
G GBPF GLNA GMIX 2 dB 15 dB 8 dB
21 dB 125.89

Hc vin thc hin: Nguyn H B Hi . 12

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Nadded l cng sut nhiu c to ra bi cc mch in trong my thu.

N added kBTe (4.5)
Trong , Te l nhit nhiu tng ng ca my thu, c cho bi:
Te ( NFtot 1)T0
N added kBT0 ( NFtot 1) 1.38 1023 400 103 290 (2.089 1)
1.7436 1015 W

Vy tng cng sut nhiu ti ng ra c tao ra bi cc mch in trong my thu l:

N 0, added GN added 125.89 1.7436 10 15

2.195 1013 W
2.195 1010 mW
96.6 dBm

d. IIP3, SFDR v Pout, 1dB ca my thu.

IIP3 ca my thu c tnh theo cng thc:
1 1 G G .G
BPF BPF LNA
IIP3 IIP3BPF IIP3LNA IIP3MIX
1 0.631 0.631 31.623
3

0.1 10 110 3
20 103
IIP3 5 105 W 13 dBm

SFDR ca my thu c tnh theo cng thc:

2( IIP3 F )
SFDR SNRout ,min (4.6)
3

Trong ,
F 174 NF 10 log B
= -174 + 3.2 + 10 log (400.103 )
114, 78 dB

Vy
2(13 dBm 114.78 dB)
SFDR 14.575 dB
3
53.28 dBm

Hc vin thc hin: Nguyn H B Hi . 13

Mch Tch Hp Siu Cao Tn Gio vin hng dn: TS. Hunh Ph Minh Cng

Pout,1dB ca my thu c tnh theo cng thc:

Pout ,1dB Pin ,1dB G 1dB (4.7)

Trong ,
Pin ,1dB IIP3 9.6 dB 13 dBm 9.6 dB 22.6 dBm
Pout ,1dB Pin ,1dB G 1 dB 22.6 dBm 21 dB 1 dB
2.6 dBm

e. Nu hai tn hiu RF c tn s 2.39 v 2.41 GHz, c cng sut -60 dBm i vo my

thu th ng ra ca my thu s bao gm cc thnh phn sau

Hnh 4.3: cc thnh phn ng ra ca my thu.

Cng sut ca thnh phn 1 , 2 l:

P1 P2 Pin G 60 dBm 21 dB 39 dBm

Cng sut ca thnh phn 21 2 , 22 1 l:

P21 2 P22 1 3 P1 2 OIP3 3 P1 2 ( IIP3 G )
39 3 2 ( 13 21)
101 dBm

Hc vin thc hin: Nguyn H B Hi . 14