g Clearly: Grammar for Editing, 3E by Janet Lane and Ellen Lange Table of Contents: Answer Key SECTION 1 UNIT1 = Verb Tenses... 3 UNIT2 Verb Forms. 7 UNIT3 Modals..... . 10 UNIT4 Conditional Sentences. 13 UNITS Passive Voic : wee 16 UNIT6 Relative, Adverbial, and Noun Clauses. AD UNIT7 Sentence Structu 24 UNIT8 = Word Order... . 26 UNIT;9) (Connecting Wordet "sree 29 SECTION 2 UNIT 10 Subject-Verb Agreement... UNIT 11 Articles centre UNIT 12 Singular and Plural of Nouns. UNIT 13. Word Choice UNIT 14. Word Form: UNIT 15. Prepositions...........cceseeeseeoes SECTION 3 PARTA Expand Your Vocabulary... PARTB Achieve an Academic Writing Style PARTC Avoid Nonidiomatic and Unclear Sentences PART D_ = Improve Flow of Ideas... -50 PARTE Revise Your Writing..... - 50 1 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reservedAPPENDIX C Exercise 1... Exercise 2. Exercise 3. Exercise 4.. Exercise 5.. Exercise 6... Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reservedWriting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, 3E by Janet Lane and Ellen Lange Answer Key SECTION 1 Unit 1 Pre-test: What Do You Already Know? See page 350 of Writing Clearly, Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test Practice What You Have Learned (pages 21-25) Exercise 1 (page 21) I 1 1. Ihave been interested in physics since high school 2. Having good social skills is essential for my job, and I de. to take a class in personal communication, 3. Since she was a child, she has liked sports, especially water sports, such as swimming and waterskiing 4. Mario graduated as a veterinarian in January of last year. led (OR have decided) 5. Correct 6. First, we went to Italy. Then, we traveled to Austria and Germany. Finally, we visited Spain, 7. The professor gave an introduction to the course yesterday, the first day of class 8. There are rumors that college tuition will be (OR is going to be) higher next year. 9. Correct 10. In my opinion, voting in elections is very important. Exercise 2 (page 22) 1. helps 2. is 3. have Jeamed OR am learning OR have been learning 4. plans. 5. goes 6. writes 7. has OR will have OR is going to have 8. will spend OR is going to spend 9. Schedules 10. sets 12, disciplines 13. has completed OR completes Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved,14. invited OR had invited 15. refused 16. had not finished 17. know 18, will make OR am going to make Exercise 3 (page 23) 1. read 2. am writing 3. have heard 4, graduated 5. fulfilled 6. am working 7. will complete OR am completing OR will have completed 8. am looking for OR have been looking for 9. will need OR will be needing OR am going to need 10, have visited find 12. enclose OR am enclosing OR have enclosed Exercise 4 (page 24) Option A Thave a positive attitude toward writing in English. When I first came to the United States, I was very confused about using English, a new and strange language. But as time ‘went by, my feeling toward the language began to change. I forced myself to write even though it was hard at first. I wrote a lot, and I became more confident each time I wrote. Now, although I am more confident about writing, I still have many problems to overcome. I find that writing takes a great deal of time, and one has to be patient and disciplined in order to be good at it. At times, 1 am (OR have been) frustrated and impatient with my writing. In fact, sometimes I sit for hours and cannot write even a word, Nevertheless, despite my frustration and long hours of work, I tend to have a positive attitude toward writing in English. Even though English js not my native language, I have found that I simply like to write, Option B Thave a positive attitude toward writing in English. When I first came to the United States, Iwas very confused about using English, a new and strange language. But as time has gone by, my feeling toward the language has begun to change. I have forced OR force myself to write even though it was hard at first. Ihave written (OR write) alot, and Thave become (OR become OR am becoming) more confident each time I write. (The rest of the paragraph remains the same as Option A.) Exercise 5 (page 24) Children of immigrants who do not speak English often function more like adults than children. As a child of immigrant parents myself, [ have often had to act as an adult. 4 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reservediny family arrived here five years ago, I have taken (OR have been taking) care of them in many ways. I have had to pay the rent, the utilities, the telephone, and any other bills. I have translated (OR translate) letters from English to Vietnamese for the whole family. When a family member is sick (OR has been), I have gone (OR go) along, to the doctor to explain the problem and to translate the doctor’s suggestions. I believe it has been good for me to do all these things because it has prepared (OR prepares OR is preparing) me for what I will face when Tam living on my own, Having adult responsibilities has given (OR gives OR is giving) me the chance to understand what the world is like outside of my home. It provides me with hands-on training and has been beneficial for me. Exercise 6 (page 26) Luckily for me, at the very end of my first semester here at college, my grades changed for the better. My Chemistry 1A class last semester is one example. At the start of the semester, I did not understand the materials or the problems. I was confused when I read and tried to solve problems. Even though I did the homework and went to all the laboratory sessions, my understanding did not seem to improve. In fact, on my first and second tests, I received a D and an F. After receiving those two grades, I started to realize that had to change the way I was studying. I decided to put myself on a strict schedule and to go to the library every day after dinner. I continued to follow this plan until the end of the semester. Even now, I still cannot believe how well I did on my final. 1 received a B on the final and a C for the semester. This is what I think happened: When I reviewed all the materials systematically, 1 was able to understand principles of chemistry that I did not understand before. Post-test: What Do You Know Now? (page 26-28) A (page 26) T 1. Myhigh schoo! teacher has used the same textbook for algebra since 2009, 1 2. When they begin taking a Chinese language class, many students are nervous about learning the writing system 3. Correct 4, It seems very cold in the classroom, and most students are wearing jackets, 5. World War I lasted from 1914-1918. 6. 7. The instructor had written (OR was writing) the grammar exam last Friday when she suddenly realized she had forgotten to teach a particular point. 8. Correct 9. Ina recent article, Lawrence Thomas, a teacher in Kansas, says that he never votes. He also says that he is against paying taxes, 1 10. Yesterday we celebrated Thanksgiving, and most of us ate turkey; many of us also ate pumpkin pie. ye so B (page 26) Lob Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.2b 3a C (page 27) 1. In 1849, many people came to Northern California to hunt for gold. They soon found that looking for it was hard and dangerous work. Many then decided to open up businesses to sell equipment and supplies to the miners. Some became very wealthy because they had struck gold above ground, 2. Although there are many different routes to obtaining an education, going to college is not the only path. In her article, “Where Learning Takes Place,” retired English professor Patricia Harrelson shares her philosophy that attending college is, not the only means of getting an education. Harrelson sees self-directed learning as, learning that does not occur in a classroom. She lists such activities as cooking, gardening, and parenting as self-directed education, Although Harrelson views self- directed learning as something that cannot be achieved in a formal college setting, it is my belief that self-directed learning and traditional college learning can be combined. D (page 27) Finals week is a time of great pressure for college students. In many courses, a big percentage of the final grade is based on the final exam, and the final itself covers an entire semester of material taught. Also, all final exams are taken during just one week. Some students study for three or four, maybe even five, finals during finals week. This can really be exhausting, especially for first-year students who are experiencing finals week for the first time. What students find the most difficult of all is to have two final exams on the same day. Last quarter was my first experience of finals week. I had never thought that I would ever spend so much time studying. In fact, the night before my math final, I slept for only two hours. I stayed up all night trying to memorize all of the equations for the final. After the math final, I came home and went straight to bed. I think having a week of no classes before finals week would ease the pressure and help students perform better because they would have more time to study. E (page 28) 1. has borrowed OR has been borrowing 2. came 3. spoke OR were speaking 4, began 5. has become Whiting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved,Unit 2 Pre-test: What Do You Already Know? See page 350 of Writing Clearly, Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test Practice What You Have Learned (pages 48-52) Exercise 1 (page 48) 1 satatsa 1. Ihave lived in the United States for two years, 2. By exercising on a regular basis, an athlete can maintain muscle flexibility and strength. My instructor is not pleased OR was not pleased with my lack of participation in 4. Correct 5. Scientists are currently trying to find a cure for AIDS. izabeth has decided to postpone taking her driving test until next month 7. Correct 8. Skipping breakfast is not good for one’s health 9 Correct 10. The government is greatly concemed about the high inflation rate Exercise 2 (page 49) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow, with the correct verb form in parentheses at the end of the sentence, 1. avoided talking to my friend last night because Iam angry at him. (gerund) 2. Many students prefer to study (OR prefer studying) late at night rather than during the day. (infinitive or gerund) 3. By talking to each other, we can work out our problems. (gerund) 4, These boxes are too heavy for me. Could you help me move (OR to move) them? (base form or infinitive) ‘The coach encouraged the team to practice regularly and (to) maintain a positive attitude. (infinitive) 6. One of my goals is to become (OR becoming) a good swimmer. (infinitive or gerund) 7. Many employees dislike commuting. (gerund) 8. Gardening is one of my hobbies. (gerund) 9, [consider myself good at cooking and baking. (gerund) 10. A colleague let me borrow his notes when I was not able to attend the seminar. (base form) U1. It is easy to travel (OR traveling) to the southern part of the country by train. (infinitive or gerund) Exercise 3 (page 50) 1. to walk OR walking Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. Al rights reserved2. to relax 3. enjoy OR to enjoy 4. relax OR to relax 5. walking OR to walk 6. to-continue Exercise 4 (page 50) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow: 1. The residents in the area are concerned about the new shopping center that is going to be built in their neighborhood. 2. San Francisco is located in northern California. 3. Our favorite restaurant is closed tonight Exercise 5 (page 51) 1. Mathias is thrilled to have completed his bachelor's degree and to have found a job immediately. 2. A bystander claimed to have witnessed the accident that occurred last night 3. The Smiths are happy to have moved to a new and bigger house. 4. To have swum ten miles was a great accomplishment for Janice. 5. I would have loved to have seen Bill Clinton speak when he was president of the United States. Exercise 6 (page 51) Tam writing to apply for your internship position, | am very interested in this position. I am a graduate student in the master’s degree program in the Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering. This department has a good reputation for its high level of research and the high quality of its students. I am majoring in food engineering, and my research project deals with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) to study (OR for studying) bruises in apples. I have taken NMRI classes, read many papers about NMRI, and done a variety of experiments using this technique. I hope to expand my practical experience in this area by getting this internship with your company. Thave included my résumé for your review. I hope to hear from you soon. Exercise 7 (page 52) It takes a great deal of courage for a person to leave his or her family and start life all over again in another country. The person must not only face many changes alone but also separate from friends and rely on phone calls and e-mail messages as a means of sharing thoughts. The new environment and the new setting make even the bravest individual feel scared as he or she encounters many sudden changes and undergoes many kinds of struggles in a short period of time. Despite these difficulties, going abroad has many benefits, for it gives a person the chance to see the world, to face new challenges, to make new friends, and to gain more knowledge about people and places. Before I came to the United States, I had many expectations. Tthought that life in this country would be similar to life in my country. However, 8 Whiting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.after being here for five months, [have come to the conclusion that life in the States is entirely different from what I had expected, Post-test: What Do You Know Now? (page 53-54) A (p Base form: finish Infinitive: to finish Gerund: finishing Present participle: finishing Past participle: finished B (page 53) T 1, Atschool, English is spoken all around 1 T 2, Entomologists are concerned with insects I ic I 3. Economists try to understand the economy and prevent any crisis from happening. 4. Correct 5. A study that is being conducted at a well-known university aims to ex effects of Tai Chi on the elderly C 6, Correct 7. [believe that coming to the U.S. to study will broaden my life 8. Being ate ne the I 1 hhing assistant is the most difficult challenge I have ever faced. © 9% Correct 1 10, People living in some cities in California feel earthquakes more than people in other cities. C (page 54) The service at our university's bookstore continues to be poor. To begin with, the manager has not learned to hire the right number of clerks. Every semester during registration and the first week of classes, a lot of students are trying to buy their books, but the manager only schedules three or four clerks to check out customers. Unless you enjoy standing in a long line for hours, you should avoid going to the bookstore at this time. However, after a couple of weeks, when the initial rush is over, the manager will start to hire more clerks. Of course, because they are not busy, they waste a lot of time by standing around and talking to each other. As a result, asking the clerks to help you is never easy. D (page 54) 1. asking 2. speaking 3. experienced 4. tocash 5. telling 6. feel Whiting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Uni 3 Pre-test: What Do You Already Know? See page 350 of Writing Clearly, Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test. Practice What You Have Learned (pages 70-75) Exercise 1 (page 70) 1. Bob might have been joking about his decision to quit school. 2, Lian could have been finished by 3:00 Pm this afternoon (OR yesterday). 3. When he was on the track team, Max could run a mile in 4 minutes, 30 seconds. 4, Jill must have been full after eating at that restaurant, 5. Because Lydia needs to get a good grade on her chemistry exam, she had to study this evening (OR last evening). 6. I should have exercised regularly to get into (OR to have gotten into) shape for the backpacking trip. 7. You ought to have sent your roommate's parents a thank-you card when you got home. 8. My supervisor must have been sick since she did not attend the office party this afternoon (OR last night). 9, Mary may not have had time to call her parents tonight (OR last night). 10, My roommate had to do the shopping this week (OR last week) Exercise 2 (page 71) 1. In most states, drivers must carry proof of car insurance. (necessity, present) 2. Analyzing your data in a different way may give you better results. (possibility, present or future) 3. You must be tired after working at the office for ten straight hours. (assumption, present) Tom is looking for someone who can translate a document from Japanese to English. (ability, present or future) 5. The study could have a considerable impact on the field of molecular biology. (possibility, present or future) 6. When I was young, I could speak French, but Ihave forgotten most of it. (ability, past) 7, What a beautiful new sports car! It must have cost a lot of money. (assumption, past) | should not have spent so much time on the proposal because now I am behind on other important tasks. (advisability after the fact, past) 9. Both of these factors may be important in explaining the recurrence of the disease. (possibility, present or future) 10, Students can request a book either in person or online. (option, present or future OR ability, present or future) 10 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Exercise 3 (page 72) 1. She must have left early 2. It might rain. (OR may rain OR could rain) had to go to Chicago. J send (OR ought to send) her a thank-you note. 4. 5. Our supervisor might allow (OR may allow OR could allow) us to leave early, 6. ‘The house must have cost a lot of money. 1 8 9. . I should hav him to help. When I was young, I could play the piano. My roommate could have washed the dishes last night 10. We can camp out (OR could camp out) on our way to the Grand Canyon. Exercise 4 (page 73) 11. My brother must hi 1 2. My brother could have called me while I was at the library. (possibility) 1 3. My brother may call late tonight. (possibility) 1 4. [did not have time to stop at the store because I finish my work. (necessity) Correct I got a speeding ticket! I should not have been driving over the speed limit on the freeway. (advisability after the fact) © 7. Correct C 8. Correct forgotten to call me. (assumption) \d fo stay late at the office to Exercise 5 (page 73) Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona is a paradise for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts. Visitors will be awed by the fabulous view of the canyon—its vast depth and beautifully colored walls, The National Park Headquarters and Visitor Center is at the South Rim where visitors can pick up information about the park, Visitors who have only a little time to spend can view the canyon from either the North Rim or the South Rim. People who have more time may want to see more of the Grand Canyon than just the North or South Rim. Such visitors can drive along parts of the rim or hike down into the canyon on various trails. In fact, hikers can walk or ride a mule all the way to the bottom of the canyon to the Colorado River. However, hikers must be sure to drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration, as the weather can be extremely hot and dry. At the bottom, hikers can stay at either Phantom Ranch, which consists of cabins or dormitories, or at an adjacent campground. Pethaps the best way to see the canyon, however, is to float down the Colorado River either on a rubber raft or ina wooden dory. Seeing the canyon from this perspective is spectacular, but people who are afraid of white water should not take this trip since some of the Colorado River rapids are among the largest in the world. For most visitors, a trip to the Grand Canyon should be a truly unforgettable experience. 1. will be awed: shows future tense (passive voice) 2. can pick up: shows an option/opportunity uu Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.shows an option/opportunity de: shows an option/opportunity be: shows a necessity can be: shows a possibility can Stay: shows an option/opportunity should not take: shows advisability should be: shows expectation Exercise 6 (page 75) 1. should have waited wld have started 3. should have proofread 4, could have added 5. had to stay up Post-test: What Do You Know Now? (page 76-77) A (page 76) Col. Correct I I I I 2. The students standing outside the library looked upset. The library door must have been locked. 3. [did very poorly on my chemistry test yesterday. I realize that I should have studied more before taking it. 4. She must have forgotten our meeting yesterday because she never showed up. 5. Zhang Wei is not in class. He could have overslept and missed the bus. B (page 76) 1. Students must complete all of their essays to pass the class. 2. Mike can complete all his classes for graduation next semester. 3. I should have bought a present for my brother's birthday, but I forgot. 4. I should pass this class if I do well on the final exam. 5. My parents informed me that I must (OR have to) do better in school this, semester. 6. I would rather go to a movie than eat out. C (page 77) 1. had to live 2, must have waited 3. must have thought 4. could have adjusted 5. approached 6. could not think (OR was not able to think) 12 Whiting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning, All rights reserved.D (page 77) 1. had to fulfill 2. should take 3. ha 4. ied 5. might (OR may, OR could) take Unit 4 Pre-test: What Do You Already Know? See pages 350 - 351 of Writing Clearly. Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test. Practice What You Have Learned (page 93-98) Exercise 1 (page 93) 1. ano. b. yes, when she has enough money ¢, future 2. ano b.no . present 3. ano b. yes ¢. past Exercise 2 (page 94) L._ present 2. future present 4. past 5. past / present (past cause / present result) 6. past Exercise 3 (page 94) 1 1, If Thad a car, I would not ask my friends to take me shopping. 1 2. If Margaret had slept more, she would not have had trouble staying awake during the chemistry lecture yesterday. C 3. Correct 4. If go to Los Angeles next week, [ will see all my friends. 1 5. If Peter went to the bookstore later today, he could buy two notebooks for the price of one. (OR: If Peter goes to the bookstore later today, he can buy two notebooks for the price of one.) I 6. If Edith had not had to tum in her paper today, she would have skipped class. 1 7. Ifthe weather was nice, Marcella always took a walk after dinner. (OR: If the weather is nice, Marcella always takes a walk after dinner.) 1 8 If Icould find a ride home this weekend, I would give my parents a surprise visit. C 9% Correct C 10. Correct 13 Whiting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Exercise 4 (page 95) If the city had expanded the parking space downtown, we would not have had to park so far away from the movie theater. When my roommate snores (OR is snoring) loudly, I cannot sleep. Some celebrities get depressed if their names do not appear (OR have not appeared) in the news. If we had not had to take an exam on the conditional, we might not have learned it Maya will not pass (OR might not pass; OR cannot pass) her driving test unless she calms down. If it were winter, all these trees would be covered with snow. Had it not rained, the farmers would have lost (OR would lose) all their crops. If the airplane had not had a mechanical problem, we would probably arrived (OR would probably be arriving) in Tucson by now. ‘We would be lying (OR would have been lying OR could be lying OR been lying) on the beach in Mexico right now if we had been able to get our visas on time. 10. 1 would try to find more opportunities to speak English if I were you, Exercise 5 (page 96) L 2 4, talked had not stayed would have felt do not make Exercise 6 (page 97) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow. 1 If Jennifer did not have to be in class right now, she could help me wash the dishes. [would have gotten to class earlier if the bus had not come late. If Thad gotten enough sleep last night, I would not be so tired right now. I would complain about this class if were not learning anything. If Vincent has time later, he will stop by our house to say hello. If Thad had time during the weekend, I would have played tennis. If Thad a little extra money, I would buy a suede jacket. If students are given too much to lear, they end up learning very litle. If the tuition were lowered, some students would not have to take out loans. 10. Even if we could have raised the money to buy George a gift, we would not have bought him a gift for his bit 1¢ had told us “no Exercise 7 (page 98) Answers will var 1 2. 3. Possible answers follow. If Thave a problem, I usually share (OR will usually share) it with my best friend. If today were Saturday, I would probably be at work right now. If I were given the chance to make the decision again, I would definitely attend. the same school 14 Whiting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Exercise 8 (page 98) Option A Last year, [ived in a dormitory on campus. It was, unfortunately, always noisy. If had I would certainly have had more time to study for my classes, and I would have eaten better food. On the other hand, I would have made fewer friends last year. For next year, I have decided 1 want to live off campus in an apartment. Soon I will have to start thinking about choosing a roommate and getting apastment. I would prefer to live with my best friend, Joan, However, if I picked my best friend, I would have no one to tum to when my roommate and Ihave an argument. On the other hand, if I decided to live with one of my new friends from the dorm, then I would hurt Joan’s feelings. Perhaps, when I talk to Joan next week, we will figure out together what to do. Option 8 However, if I pick my best friend, 1 will have no one to turn to when my roommate and I have an argument. On the other hand, if I decide to live with one of n, then I will hurt Joan’s feelings. Post-test: What Do You Know Now? (page 99-101) A (page 99) 1 1. If I studied in the evening, I learned much faster. (OR: If I study in the evening I Jearn much faster.) 1 2. It must be later than we thought if the library is already closed, 3. Iwill continue my studies if I receive a scholarship. 1 4, If Lwere attending a university in Korea, I would be seeing (OR would see) my family more often. I$. If Mike could find his safety glasses, he would start the experiment. (OR: If Mike can find his safety glasses, he will start the experiment.) C 6. Correct C 7. Correct 7 8 If Jean turned her research paper in on time, she would receive full credit. (OR: If Jean had turned her research paper in on time, she would have received full credit.) B (page 99) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow. 1. If my roommate forgets to lock the door, she is not being responsible for our safety. 2. Ifa grammar exam tests only the hardest rules, it is not a realistic exam. 3. When a hurricane is forecast, residents in the area are supposed to take precautions. 15 Whiting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.C (page 100) Answers will vary, Possible answers follow Ifthe students could vote on whether to take a test of not, they would probably say, “Let's take it next week.” 2. If Max had a better apartment, he would invite his friends for dinner. 3. If Francis bought a brand-new car, he would be paying it off for a long time. D (page 100) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow 1. If the teacher had come to class early, we could have asked her some questions. 2. If my roommate had not eaten all the food, L would not have gone out to eat 3. Had the instructor given the assignment next week instead of today, we could have had more time to finish the reading. E (page 100) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow: 1. If students had worked harder on improving their English while they were still i high school, they could have avoided taking extra classes in college. 2. If students take the review class offered before a midterm, they usually, on average, score five points higher on the exam. 3. Many students will be on the waiting list for advanced calculus unless more sections are opened up. 4, Janice felt that she would have passed the writing test last spring if she had eaten breakfast the moming of the exam. F (page 101) Yesterday we had our last midterm in Psychology 1A before the final exam. It was a difficult exam. The teacher told us that if we studied all the chapters, the exam would be easy. However, it was extraordinarily difficult, for it tested us on what we did not know rather than on what we did know. I honestly feel, in looking back, that even if I had studied more, I would not have done any better on the test. My friend thinks that if she had had more time, she would have done better. She insists that i she plans her time better, she will do well on the final exam, which is in two weeks. If the last midterm were not (OR had not been) so difficult, I would believe her. However, based on that exam, I think that even if I study the chapters and have plenty of time, I will pass, but I will not get an A. In fact, I think that if I studied for a whole year, I still would not get an A on that exam. Unit 5 Pre-test: What Do You Already Know? See page 351 of Writing Clearly, Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test. 16 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Practice What You Have Learned (pages 114-118) Exercise 1 (page 114) 1. are invited 2, are being accepted 3. was cancelled 4. has been sent 8. had been arrested 6. will be taken care of 7. will have been washed 8. to be laid off; to have been completed 9. being charged; Having been accepted 10. might be changed; might have been delivered LL. could be postponed 12. Being applauded; Having won Exercise 2 (page 116) 1. Credit cards are accepted by most restaurants. 2. The bookstore torn do 3. The teacher expects the assignment to be done before cl 4. cannot be made passive The program was interrupted by the reporter for a special bulletin on the approaching storm. 6. By the time I get home, the mail will have been delivered. 7. cannot be made passive 8 Dr. Robertson's book has been published by the university press. 9. If the meeting location cannot be changed, the mecting date should be rescheduled. 10. Although six people had been invited for dinner, only three came. 11. I would have taken advantage of the field trip if it had been announced earlier by the instructor. 12, Tom's foot must have been broken in the accident as he is wearing a cast. Exercise 3 (page 117) 1. We are constantly being asked (OR have constantly been asked OR were constantly being asked) by the government for more taxes. 2. My conversation with her was (OR is) conducted in Vietnamese. 3. Are you sure that the bakery still exists? 4. Juan has the honor of having been awarded the prize for the best attendance. 5. A solid friendship was created (OR has been created) between them because of their common interest in soccer. My fear about speaking English in public contributed (OR was contributing OR has contributed) to my shyness. 7. This English class is offered (OR was offered) only to nonnative speakers. 8. When the announcement was being made (OR was made), some students were not there, v7 writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.ed) from Latin, Exercise 4 (page 118) Although riding the train has been negatively labeled as nostalgic in our car dependent society and many trains have long ceased to exist, a short commuter train n be a unique trip into the past—and a beautiful ride. On a recent short train trip, Iwas thrilled by the variety of bird life in the salt marsh the train passed through In fact, the train was virtually ignored by the stately white egrets, shiny red-winged blackbirds, and plump mallard ducks. As we moved out of the marsh and glided along the water's edge, we were greeted by fishermen out to try their luck for the day. Farther from shore lay the oil tankers, and behind them, in the distance, the bay was decorated with white sails. As we approached the city, | wondered whether there was anything left to be seen. To my surprise, I found myself looking into people's backyards, catching glimpses of downtown streets, and, best of all, being treated to a Panoramic view of the highway. There cars were creeping along, bumper to bumper, while out on the tracks, we peacefully glided by, rocking gently on the rails. [like to think that as our whistle tooted, it may have been heard by a driver out there who wished he or she were riding on the train. Post-test: What Do You Know Now? (page 118-121) ‘A (page 118) 1. Hurricane Katrina js viewed by many Americans as one of the worst natural disasters in the history of the United States, 2, Today is July 4", All over the United States, the holiday is being celebrated with parades and fireworks, 3. Next week, flu shots will be given at the clinic. { recommend that you get one. 4. By next week, all of the popular classes will have been filled 5, My roommate was assigned to a study group by her professor, but she has never attended it 6. When I went home last weekend, I was surprised to see that a new house was being built on my street. 7. Ithas been pointed out that writing clearly is important in all academic disciplines. 8. During high school, she had been introduced to several computer programming languages and that has helped her greatly in college. 9. My professor hopes to be recognized as a prominent researcher in genetics after her next publication comes out. 10. Being named the most valuable player on his soccer team was a great honor for my brother. B (page 120) 1. New scientific discoveries are often announced in Science magazine. 2. The discovery of a new kind of eye cell has recently been announced. 18 Whtting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved,3. This discovery was described by Dr. David Berson in last week's issue of Science. The body's internal clock no change Now scientists have a new way of understanding how light is interpreted by the nervous system. 7. These cells ate currently being studied in mice and researchers expect to find similar cells in humans, Scientists expect the new information to be applied to disorders such as jet lag. ay be controlled by these eye cells C (page 120) 1. His attitude towards doing homework 2. Correct 3. Tom is telling the truth, That is exactly what happened. 4. The new building was designed and ed two years ago, Correct rns (OR &¢ od) his parents. o (page 121) 1. stressed finished 7. exists Unit 6 Pre-tests A, B, C, D: What Do You Already Know? See pages 351-352 of Writing Clearly, Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test. Practice What You Have Learned (pages 145-152) Part A Exercise 1 (page 145) 1. Mark thanked the tutor who (OR that) had worked with him for the whole semester. 2. Dr. Ruiz is the professor whose economies course I am planning to take next semester. 3. The person with whom I share a locker is over there. 4. The backpack that (OR which) is on the chair is mine. 5. New York is a city whose residents tend to be always in a rush. 19 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reservedExercise 2 (page 146) 1. Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that (OR which) f languages, 2. Mark knows the artist whose painting received first prize in the art show. 3. The people whom we were waiting for (OR that we were waiting for; OR for 1omn_ we were waiting) were late he borrowed a bicycle whose tires were slightly flat. (OR § bicycle the tires of which were slightly flat.) 5. Today, Michael plans to do the recording that (OR which) he was unable to do last week. 6. The student who (OR that) was asked to give a speech at the graduation ceremony got the highest grades in the class. (OR The student who /OR that got the highest grades in the class was asked to give a speech at the graduation ceremony. ome bike riders who (OR that) do not stop at stop signs may be given either a warning or a ticket. mn the sounds of 1e borrowed a Exercise 3 (page 147) 11. The person with whom I went to the movies fell asleep during the film, 2. A student who plagiarizes on a paper will get an F on the paper and possibly the whole course for which he wrote the paper (OR which (that) he wrote the paper fi C 3 Correct 1 4. Iwrote a thank-you note to the people whose home I visited over the holidays. 1S. The instructor who (OR that) teaches that course is very well organized. PartB Exercise 4 (page 147) 1. The day when / after I received my first midterm back in math, | decided that I had to improve my study habits so that I would not fail the class. 2. One of the reasons I feel I did poorly, even though / although I had studied, was that my roommates had a big, noisy party the night before the exam when /while I ‘was in my room trying to prepare for it. 3. Unfortunately, I joined them. However, after / as soon as (OR when) the party was over, I tried to study but I really needed more time than Thad, 4. The serious students did very well, whereas / although my friends and I, who had partied too much, placed way below the average on the exam, 5. Because / Whereas the final exam counts for 50 percent of the grade and I have only a C average so far, I think I will have to move into the library so that I can stay away from parties. Exercise 5 (page 148) 1. When my parents buy me a car, I will not have to ask for rides from my friends. 2. Beverly did not ask her tutor for help, although she neede 3. Even though I like to watch television, bet I only watch the news and my favorite 20 Whiting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.game show during the week. (OR: I ike to watch television, but I only watch the news and my favorite game show during the week.) 4. She cannot get good grades because / if / as long as she does not study (OR u she studies) ver since / Since I have been attending college, I have become more independent. 6. My car often breaks down when I really need i 7. After Roger has cleaned his apartment, he will go pl tennis. Part ¢ Exercise 6 (page 148) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow 1. The doctor suggested that the tired student take a vacation. 2, The instructor observed that many students were falling asleep. I did not understand what the assignment was, 4, Peter's teacher recommended that he keep studying French, It is obvious to everyone that the building needs handicapped access. 6. (The fact) that some students cannot afford to buy their textbooks bothers me. 7. The department requires that all take a writing course. 8. The committee does not know whether it will vote on the issue tomorrow or not 9. The researcher explained that the test had been properly carried out 10. The news reporter stated that there was severe weather in sevei states Exercise 7 (page 149) 11. We-were disappointed that the potluck dinner was already over. (OR The f the potluck dinner was already over disappointed us.) 1 2. The school requires that every student take 15 credits each semester. C 3. Correct 1 4, What you are doing is not my business. 1 5. The fact that (OR That) the magicians did so many tricks amazed the audience. (OR The audience was amazed that the magicians did so many tricks.) 1 6, Mr. Smith's manager knows he is one of the best workers, (OR Mr. Smith’s manager knows him as one of the best workers.) 1 7, The young mother worries that her child may / will get lost. C 8. Correct 1 9, The students had no idea what the answer was (OR whether the answer was rect oF not} 1 10. The study group could not determine what the answer was. Part D Exercise 8 (page 150) 1. Some couples who / that are childless have made a decision not to have children. 2. However, I personally have a hard time understanding people who / that choose to live without children. 2 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved,3. Other couples think they do not have enough time and money to raise children, 4. Because [have always wanted children, it would be hard for me to view a career as being more important than having a family 5. Although I do not want many children, I certainly hope to have one or two of my own, (OR: I do not want many children, but I certainly hope to have one or two of my own.) 6. [recommend that everyone who wants to have (OR should have) children. Exercise 9 (page 151) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow. 1. Mark is currently taking chemistry, even though it is not a requirement for his major. 2. Because her grandfather is in a nursing care facility and often gets lonely, she tries to visit him at least once a week. 3. Her skis, which she just bought this season, are bright yellow with a purple design. 4. When he gets very stressed out at work, Jackson sometimes asks for a day off to calm down 5. London is a very old city, and this fact attracts many visitors. (OR The fact that London is a very old city attracts many visitors.) Post-Test: What Do You Know Now? (page 152-155) A (page 152) 1. On our campus, the student recreation center is the place where students like to go to work out. 2. The reason that (OR why) I was late to class was that I missed the bus. ‘The group whom (OR that) I worked with on our project met for six hours straight, 4. The student whom (OR that) I borrowed the practice test from got an A on the midterm, and I only got a B. 5. The author whose novel we chose to read in our book club will be visiting our town next month. 6. Former President Bill Clinton, who served for two terms, became active in humanitarian issues. ‘There are certain majors that (OR which) are more popular than others. ‘The professor has set new office hours for the times when (OR at which) we can g0 to get help with assignments. ex B (page 153) 1, When more Americans can speak Chinese, we will be more international. 2. Many high school students are studying foreign languages because they can see the benefit of doing so. (Note: no comma preceding because) Although many immigrants would like to learn English, but it is difficult for them to do so if they are working seven days a week 22 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.4. When we with have more adult classes, more parents will start learning English. 5. Because it is hard for older adults to learn a new language, they often prefer to speak their first language. 6. Because of he wants to get a better job, my neighbor, Mr. Chan, is going to adult school to learn English, C (page 153) 1. wonder what the instructor will cover in the next lecture. 2. The store manager said that she would give me a refund for my defective ink cartridge. The pharmacist advises that Steven take the medicine with a glass of water. 4. The teacher could not find what he was looking for. 5. We cannot forget about the fact that we have to attend Sheila's going-away party. OR: We cannot forget that we have to attend Sheila's going-away party. D (page 154) When my roommate called, my mother could not understand wha because she talked so fast. 2. Where he lives in the mountains is a very beautiful, quiet place. 3. Itis common knowledge that good students like to get good grades. 4. Even though he did so poorly on his presentation, the student did want to know what he could do to improve. 5. Carl never thinks about how (OR when) he will pay his bills. 6. Some teachers are convinced that students never study. 7. His roommate is uncertain about whether to go home or stay in town over the holidays, 8. [tis necessary that we decide very soon when to work on our team project. 9. That Einstein was considered a genius has never been questioned. 10. My mechanic recommends that I change the oil in my car more often. she was saying E (page 154) that z What 3. For example 4. before 5. that / which 6 ay 7. Because 8. when 9. even though 10. that 11. which 23 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved,Pre-test: What Do You Already Know? See page 352 of Writing Clearly, Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test. Practice What You Have Learned (pages 169-172) Exercise 1 (page 169) 1 1, Molecular genetics is a field that is progressing very quickly. 1 2. Students should be proud, instead of embarrassed, to know their native langua 13. She wonders whether studying so hard is worth it, (OR: She wonders whethe worth it to study so hard.) 1 4. Engineering 101 is the course that I spend the least time on. 5. Room 100 Smith Hall is one of the largest classrooms on my campus; it can hold around 500 students. 1 6. As they grow up, many children develop attitudes they will later have as adults. © 7. Correct 1 8. Astronauts need to be prepared for every obstacle that they could encounter in space. (OR: Astronauts need to be prepared for every obstacle that could be encountered in space.) 9. When she has time, Kim likes to take bike rides, read novels, and visit her friends, 1 10. The office is well equipped and has a lot of antique furniture. (OR: The office, which is well equipped, has a lot of antique furniture.) 111, Putting up beautiful art has made me feel more relaxed in my office. (OR: By putting up beautiful art, [feel more relaxed in my office.) Exercise 2 (page 170) J 1. That Jack arrived late and that he was not prepared angered his supervisor. 1 2. That is Dr. Wood, my thesis advisor, who chairs the Chemistry Department. (OR: That is Dr. Wood, my thesis advisor and chair of the Chemistry Department.) C 3. Correct 1 4, His job involves washing lab equipment, setting up experiments, and recording data, 1 5. Sitting in a coffee shop and searching the Internet is one of my favorite evening activities. 1 6. Ispent the day in San Francisco walking on the Golden Gate Bridge, visiting Chinatown, and doing many other things. Exercise 3 (page 171) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow. 1. Three things I enjoy doing in my free time are reading, cooking, and playing tennis, 2. We are looking for the following characteristics in a job applicant: honesty, intelligence, and a good work ethic. 24 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.3. Several good pla village of Whale Bay, and the alk 4, Below are some ways to avoid feeling homesick in a new environment © Stay active © Make new * Joinaclib friends Exercise 4 (page 172) Note that there is usually more than one way to correct a sentence boundary problem. Possible answers follow 1. The most useful class I took was statistics, but it was very challenging for me. (OR: The most useful class [ took was statistics, although it was very challenging, for me.) 2. Thus far, school is more fun than work; however, I find the studies quite hard. 3. Correct 4. Chicago is such an interesting city, and I love going there. (OR: Chicago is such an interesting city that I love going there.) 5. Another reason why some people do not exercise regularly is simply a lack of time. Post-test: What Do You Know Now? (pages 173-175) A (page 173) 1. My teacher, who uses computers, she asks the students to tell her about new grammar resources they have discovered on the Internet. 2. My teacher is older, but she has a lot of energy and experience. 3. Asfor The class in advanced physics is going very well. (OR: As for the class in advanced physics, it is going very well.) 4. By Having the students come in for conferences is helping them learn individually and work on specific problems in their writing, $. The grammar that will be covered on the grammar exam is as follows: sentence structure, finding the eorreet verb tense, verb form, dependent clauses, modals, and reviewing conditional sentences. 6. My grandparents they like to visit us often. 7. How to solve that problem is not clear to me. 8. The best formula for success in college is to study hard, find a study group, and exercise. 9. When students first get to college, it is a difficult adjustment because high school is so different. 10. As Many new students find out after their first tests that they must study harder than before. (OR: As many students find out after their first tests, that they must study harder than before.) 25 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning, All rights reserved.B (page 173) 1. The we: 2, Eating, watching the football gam Thanksgiving Day 3. My sister Susan works harder than any person | know. 4. Memorizing the formulas will help me pass the chemistry exam. §. Getting good grades is a must in today's competitive world. her and the time of year determine which route we take. and talking a lot added up to a wonderful C (page 174) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow. ro 1, Intercultural marriages are becoming more common; however, very traditional people still think that they will not work Jrag 2, Even though it is summer, we are still experiencing cold nights. ¢s 3. Atthe end of a semester, students usually feel very stressed; what is worrying them is all the work they have to complete before final exams ¢s 4, Ibis going to snow tonight; drivers need to be very cautious on the highways. frag 8. Although we have talked about this problem many times before, we still have not figured out a solution to ro 6. My mother would dedicate time to studying grammar and making vocabulary lists as a way to learn new vocabulary in English; however, all this work did not help her that much because she really needed to go out and speak English in public. D (page 175) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow. 1. The four courses I am taking this quarter are chemistry, English composition calculus, and Spanish, 2. I get really nervous when I think about what I have to study this week and how little time [have to do it all 3. Next week, when I do not have any midterms, I am going to read a book, go out to anice restaurant, and take a bike ride. 4. The two universities which my sister is thinking of applying to are Brown and Stanford. Unit 8 Pre-test: What Do You Already Know? See page 352 of Writing Clearly, Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test. Practice What You Have Learned (pages 191-194) Exercise 1 (page 191) 1. Ido not really know what this issue ig all about. 26 Writing Cleary: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning, All rights reserved.nted to attend. . Thave already been accepted to the university 1 |. The only concer I have is how much it will cost the students to pay the rent |. Correct Correct Toms is planning to have a surprise birthday party for Luis. Thave not gotten my term paper back even though I handed it in a week ago, am going to buy my father a beautiful green silk tie for his birthday. Bill often goes swimming in the evening to get regular exercise. (OR: In the evening, Bill often goes swimming to get regular exercise. 10. The professor comes to class on time every day. eenaween Exercise 2 (page 193) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow. 1. The professor said he doesn't know when he will get the papers corrected. 2. Your term paper does not cover how the project was carried ou 3. Lam sorry but I did not understand what the announcer 4. Could you please tell me where the nearest grocery store is’ $. [tis not clear whether the s r game has beer led. (or not) Exercise 3 (page 193) Correct word order is shown in italics You can learn vocabulary in your English classes and from your textbooks. However, you may not be taking advantage of some handy reference tools that you ‘can use to build up your vocabulary. Have you ever thought, for instance, what a ‘great teacher the supermarket can be? If you think about it, everything is labeled with pictures or signs, making it easy for you to connect with the produet the words (the words with the product). The window on the chocolate chips package lets you see the chips, and there is a picture of tomatoes diced (diced tomatoes) on a can. Besides, if you are still not sure about what is a product, (what a product is) you can ask another customer (in the store) to help you, and you will be practicing your communication skills. Have you ever thought, too, about how helpful newspaper, magazine, or Internet ads can be? Just consider, for example, what about pizzas you can learn (what you can learn about pizzas). You can find ads for different styles of pizzas and also learn just how many different kinds of crusts are there (there are). Many pizza places have in their ads helpful pictures (helpful pictures in their ads), and you can also learn some interesting slogans, too, such as “Fastest wheels west of the Rockies!" or “Only Chicago-style pizza in Montana!” Instead of throwing away those catalogs that to your mailbox come (that come to your mailbox) ot ignoring them. online, have you ever thought what a useful resource they can be for words? Catalogs have excellent pictures with detailed descriptions of their products. For example, you could learn what is a frost-free refrigerator (what a frost-free refrigerator is) or what are the names of different golf clubs (what the names of different golf clubs are). As for clothes, you could learn names exotic (exotic names) for colors and see the color itself illustrated. So, the next time you complain about not knowing enough vocabulary, get out of the house and go to the supermarket, or if on staying home you 7 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.insist (you insist on staying home), pick up the latest catalog that came in the mail or click on your Internet browser and get busy! Post-test: What Do You Know Now? (pages 194-196) A B 1 c 1 ~ata (page 194) 1. Learning to manage time is often a challenge for first-year students 2. Itis always a difficult decision for students to decide whether or not to take a job. 3. Some stores have been generous than others this year in giving discounts to students. 4, Last year the professor gave out a special assignment for extra credit (OR: Last year the professor gave out a special assignment to the clas credit.) 5. That new red sports car belongs to one of the richest families in town. 6. Although most people would like peace, war still exists in this world, 7. When I get behind in my reading assignments, I sometimes get very nervous. for extra (page 194) 1. The judge explained how the winners of the prize were selected. 2 Correct 3. In the middle of the lecture, some students could not figure out what the professor was trying to explain. 4. The teaching assistant announced when the deadline for the paper was. 5. We still do not know when the test will be. (page 195) 1. Yesterday morning we decided to go to the movies tonight. 2 Correct 3. Yesterday we found an abandoned bicycle in the yard, which we reported to the police. 4, We are planning to go home tomorrow for the weekend. (OR: We are planning to go home for the weekend tomorrow.) 5. Correct (page 195) Ib. 2a, 3a. 4b. Sa, E (page 196) Thope you are enjoying the nice weather this weekend. I am writing you about the volunteer position I spoke to you about earlier this week. 28 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Yesterday, I received a phone call from the volunteer coordinator. She said that she would soon be sending you a referen thes er that I spoke to you about earlier. | would appreciate your filling it out as s je because I cannot be accepted into the program until all my references have sent in their forms. orm to fill out for the volunteer position in Thank you for all your help. I look forward to starting my volunteer work soon. Unit 9 Pre-test: What do you already know? See page 353 of Writing Clearly, Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test. Practice What You Have Learned (pages 211-213) Exercise 1 (page 211) Answers will vary for some of the sentences. Possible answers follow. I a I I I c I 1. My sister is an accountant, so she is very busy during tax time, 2. Correct 3. He did not want to go to chemistry laboratory, but he went anyway. 4. Although a car is expensive to maintain, I need one to commute to work. (OR: A car is expensive to maintain, but T need one to commute to work.) 5. Not only did Ann dislike the color of my dress but also she did not like its style 6. Correct 7. Correct 8 [went to the bank, for I did not have any money. Exercise 2 (page 211) ‘Answers will vary. Possible answers follow. 1. Last night I slept for eight hours; however, the night before I only slept four hours. 2. Something must be happening downtown, for [ have seen two ambulances go there. 3. The classroom is cold today; moreover, itis dirty because it was not cleaned last. night. 4, My neighbor always helps me rake leaves in the fall, and I help her shovel snow in the winter. Exercise 3 (page 213) Today's modem airport resembles a city in itself, for (coordinating conjunction/gives a reason) it offers many services to travelers. First, (Transitional word/time relationship or order) like all cities, it offers food. If you want to purchase 29 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reservedsomething to eat quickly, coffee shops and (coordinating conjunction/adds information) snack bars are everywhere, along with numerous fast-food restaurants usually around a food court, For just a quick energy booster, you can grab, for example, (transitional phrase/illustrates) your favorite candy bar, a bag of chips, or (coordinating conjunction/gives a choice or option)a package of nuts from one of the many small shops, which offer magazines, newspapers, books, gifts, and (coordinating conjunction/adds information) toiletries as well. In addition, (Transitional phrase/adds information) there is even a growing trend towards having gourmet restaurants in airports. Second, (Transitional word/time relationship or order) like any city, the modem airport offers entertainment. Most airports are wired so you can browse the Internet. Television areas still exist and (coordinating conjunction/adds information) people also can spend their time reading in seating areas. Moreover, (Transitional word/adds information) some airports now have art exhibits. Of course, you can always entertain yourself the old-fashioned way just by watching people. Third, (Transitional word/time relationship or order) many airports offer shopping. Some airports have outlets for major-brand stores or (coordinating conjunction/gives a choice or option) shops dedicated to selling an array of local products, such as smoked fish, maple syrup, or special cheeses. If you still run out of things to do, you can get a manicure, have a massage, charge your telephone, or (coordinating conjunction/gives a choice or option) rent a DWD. Keeping all these activities in mind, we can safely say, therefore, (transitional word/shows a result) that in modern airports, waiting for a flight no longer needs to be boring because an airport is often a city within a city. Exercise 4 (page 213) 1. but 2. First of all 3. For instance / As an example 4. Moreover 5. second, 6. As an example, / For instance 7. Therefore 8. However Post-test: What Do You Know Now? (pages 214-215) A (page 214) 1. The shoes | ordered by mail did not fit, so I sent them back 2 Correct ‘My mother takes language classes on Fridays and exercise classes on Mondays. 4. My friends intended to vote yesterday; however, they forgot. 5. Because she likes animals, my sister wants to have a pet. 6. Thanksgiving is a holiday for visiting relatives. Also, it is a time for eating traditional food, for example, turkey and mashed potatoes and gravy. C 7. Correct SQ 2 30 Waiting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.1 8. Mira likes her cousin Jennifer very much; therefore, she visits her as often as she can 1 9. Many students like to take trips during vacations; however, that takes time and money. 1 10. The price of gas is high; therefore, I will not drive my car that much this month. B (page 214) 1. Even though 2. imaddition 3. However 4. for example 5. of 6. butalso 7. Infact 8. In the future Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 31SECTION 2 Unit 10 Pre-test: What Do You Already Know? See page 353 of Writing Clearly, Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test Practice What You Have Learned (pages 229-232) Exercise 1 (page 229) 11. A good presenter is aware of his or her audience and C2 Correct 3. Matthew, who is in second grade, already knows how to read and write 4. Correct Having good computer skills is requi 6 ‘The number of hybrid cars we see on freeways has increased 7. Brainstorming helps a writer to gather ideas and avoid writer's block. 8. There are several stages in the writing process, including prewriting, writing a draft, and revising. Because of the drought, there js not enough water for all the farmers who need it. C 10. Correct eye contact ed for many jobs today. sae ° Exercise 2 (page 230) B Exercise 3 (page 231) April 15 is a well-known date in the United States. By this date every year, everyone who works must file his or her income tax forms with both the federal and state governments. Completing these forms is no easy task. First, a person needs to 32 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserveddecide which forms to file. For federal income taxes, there4s.a long form for people who wish to itemize their deductions, This form has at least five supplementary parts, called “schedules,” and a person must decide which of these, if any, to complete as well. Then, there is a short form for people who plan to take the “standard” deduction, one that has been precalculated and is the same for everyone. The state income tax forms are separate forms, and these must also be filed. In California, there are at least four supplementary schedules that a person may need to fill out. Once a person knows which ones to file, completing all these forms is not easy either, and many people hire an accountant to help them. Regardless of whether a taxpayer chooses to complete the forms on his or her own or seek assistance, the forms must be postmarked or filed electronically before midnight on April 15. Post-test: What Do You Know Now? (pages 232-235) A (page 232) 1. Marcos has a sports car. 2. My brother had a bad cold last week. Statistics is a hard course. The mathematics quiz was hard. That vision exists only in your imagination. My older sister teaches at a community college. 7. All the students are attending class regularly. 8. The university was celebrating the team’s win. 9. Someone has broken into my car. 10. The bus has been coming late recently. B (page 233) 1. My English textbook has three hundred pages. 2. Their grandmother cooks from morning until night. 3. His cousins live in California. 4, Nobody wants to have dessert after a big dinner. 5. The United States attracts people from many countries. 6. Judy and Mike's cousin, Helen, is studying at Harvard 7. The articles in today’s newspaper are interesting. 8 The story written by the children was interesting. 9. One of the students is not coming to class today. 10, All of the students just have just gone on vacation. C (page 233) T 1. Yesterday we went to a party at Elena's house. We left early, though, because there were too many people in the room. © 2 Correct C 3. Correct T 4, When we take the bus, we often find that there are hundreds of people going the same way, 33 Wrting Cleary: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. Al cights reserved.C 5. Correct 1 6. Thailand is a beautiful country. There are a lot of great places to visit there D (page 234) ‘The number of people choosing a career in information technology is increasing year by year. This decision is a smart one, for most companies now need someone with advanced computer knowledge. Web design, computer graphics, and software development are just some of the areas that are in demand. Anyone with the advanced computer skills and creativity has the opportunity to find an excellent position. For those who are not happy working for a company, other opportunities exist. Consulting for big corporations is an excellent way to make a good living but not be tied down to one job. People who like to make their own hours, choose their contracts, and decide how hard they are willing to work thrive on consulting work. Overall, a career in information technology, one of the most promising job markets in today's world, is a smart choice E (page 235) One of the hardest jobs of being a parent involves motivating children to succeed without pressuring them, However, some parents would say that setting limits is even more difficult. Every parent faces this dilemma. For example, if a parent has never allowed the child to go out to parties in high school, when the child goes away to college where more freedom exists, he or she may want to go out rather than concentrate on schoolwork. Most likely this child’s grades will drop and his or her parents will be disappointed. If the parents are too controlling, children will sometimes get out of control rather than growing up to be responsible adults. Therefore, being a parent and making such decisions about control is difficult indeed. Unit 11 Pre-test: What Do You Already Know? See page 353 of Writing Clearly, Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test. Practice What You Have Learned (pages 248-250) Exercise 1 (page 248) 1. Correct 2, Most of the students in Chemistry 1 have to study very hard, 3. Correct Atnight, good street lighting is essential for safety. 5. If Thave problems with my car, I take the bus to work. 6. Be sure that you study the night before the exam (OR an exam). 7. Correct 8. When there is a full moon, I like to walk down Beach Avenue, sanssasa S 34 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.1 9, Inadry state like California, water is a precious commodity for agriculture, 1 10. Although I like to write down my thoughts, I don’t have time to write in a journal (OR my journal), Exercise 2 (page 249) leam uncountable, not identified dinner set expression simple math uncountable: not identified Chinese characters plural; not identified subtraction uncountable; not identified simple multiplication problems plural; not identified a genius countable; not identified (one of many) the simple fact countable; identified the correct answer countable; identified few distractions plural; not identified television countable; not identified (one of many) video games plural; not identified China singular name of country playing games uncountable; not identified reading uncountable; not identified the teacher countable; identified school uncountable; not identified the learning uncountable; identified confidence uncountable; not identified asense countable; not identified (one of many) Exercise 3 (page 250) My attitude toward English is negatively affecting my writing. I think the problem is that as a mathematics major, I love to spend time doing as much math as possible. Often my homework for math and other classes occupies most of the evening. As a result, I don't have much time or energy to devote to writing the essays required for my English class, In addition, I usually have trouble getting started. I waste time eating, listening to music, or even looking in the mirror instead of trying to work on the (OR my) paper which is due on the next day. Furthermore, I always have a negative feeling toward writing. Even before writing a paper, I assume that it will not turn out well. Because of this negative attitude, my grade in English is suffering. Post-test: What Do You Know Now? (pages 251-252) A (page 251) 1. In most countries, students who want to enter a university must pass a difficult entrance examination. 2. One of the advantages of learning a second language is the opportunity to learn more about another culture. 35 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.3. Lam always very nervous about speaking in class; as a result, Iam usually very quiet even when I know the correct answer 4. Although there are many ways to improve your ability to speak English, the best way is to spend time with native speakers. 5. If you practice giving your next oral presentation in front of friends and { will help you give the presentation with confidence. ly, it B (page 251) 1. Itis a well-known fact that peeling onions can make people cry 2. By going on the Internet, the student was able to get a definition of the term. 3. There are three editions of this book, but you need to buy the latest one for this class, 4. A few of the students who lived in the dorms this year chose to remain next year. 5. Do you want to put (X) sugar and cream in your coffee? 6. In many states, itis against the law to send (X) text messages while driving, 7. Before starting my paper, I need to write an outline. 8. In the United States, many people commute to work by car. C (page 252) Many people discover the discomfort of the traveling by air after experiencing their first case of the jet lag. This condition occurs when a (OR the) traveler's brain releases neurochemicals according to the schedule of day and @ night (light and dark) which was established at the traveler's previous geographical location. During these times, people find that their bodies don't respond the way that they did just the day before; simply falling asleep at night or the staying awake in the aftemoon can be a struggle until their bodies learn to adjust to the new time zone. It would be possible to avoid jet lag if we could find a way (OR ways) to adjust our biological rhythms to the time zone at the destination before leaving home. However, the scientists have not yet found the answer to this problem. Unit 12 Pre-Test: What Do You Already Know? See pages 353-354 of Writing Clearly, Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test. Practice What You Have Learned (pages 264-266) Exercise 1 (page 264) 1, When I read, I mark unfamiliar vocabulary, which I later look up in a dictionary. 2. This boy needs (OR These boys need) to sign up for the camping trip. 3. One of the best ways to practice your English is to join a conversation club. 4. Many cultures teach respect for the elderly. 5. Thad three pieces of candy and some cake at the party 36 Writing Cleary: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reservedMy writing needs improvement, so 1 am going to work with a tutor. 6 7. My friends are renting a hundred-year-old house. 8 9. The professor is hiring students to analyze the data she collected. make your experiment come You need to follow the instructions step by step to out as planned. 10, had almost given up on finding my watch when it caught my eye from under a pillow. 11, My aunt has five children: two sons and three daughters. 12. My roommate has excellent computer skills. Exercise 2 (page 264) During the fall quarter, I was overwhelmed with many assignments. The most unexpected one was writing. Even though I knew that my two education classes required writing, the professors I had were especially fond of essay writing. Both of my education classes required a total of eight papers, each of which were four to six ages long; in addition, the final papers in both classes were 20-page research papers. Furthermore, both of my biochemistry classes required a total of eight lab write-ups and three essays. In sum, Thad to write more than 20 papers last quarter, and those papers were a nightmare for me. Previously, { thought that only English classes would require a lot of writing, which is not one of my favorite activities. In fact, last semester was the only time during my four years in college that I had to write so much. Thus, I lost much of my fear of writing. While I have leaned that revision is time-consuming work, it has helped me improve my writing and my grades. Exercise 3 (page 265) Online shopping has become very popular in the United States, and sales have been growing annually, sometimes at twice the rate of retail store sales. With so many websites these days, online shopping has indeed become fast and convenient. For example, you can avoid the tedious work of filling out a mail order form by hand, a great frustration with a paper catalog. With online shopping, the website quickly does all the calculations, such as taxes and shipping. Without even setting foot in a store, you can buy a simple white blouse, a bouquet of flowers, or a whole set of patio furniture. However, you do not always save time with online shopping. If your order meets your satisfaction, you certainly have saved time. If not, it is time-consuming to repack your purchase and send it back to the company. To avoid this problem, you can find what you want in the store's online catalog. Then, you can go to the ‘company’s nearest store to make sure it is what you want. With this approach, you have the best of both worlds—online and in-store shopping. Post-Test: What Do You Know Now? (pages 266-267) A (page 266) information x advice x assignment assignments violence X vocabulary x problem problems a7 Whiting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. all rights eserved,this these university universities child children woman women B (page 266) It is a commonly known fact that dairy products, such as milk, yogurt, and cheese are rich sources of calcium, but how many people know that these food products are also loaded with protein? It is for this reason that dietitians recommend that people consume two to four servings of this food group each day. A glass of milk or a cup of yogurt has high-quality protein that is equivalent to an ounce of meat or cheese or one egg. These food items are certainly good for our health. Whenever possible, however, we should opt for low-fat dairy products, C (page 267) 1. Our school accepted 800 transfer students for next year. (no plural on adjectives) 2. Inthe mountains, deer come to eat in people's yards. (irregular plural) 3. Three of the students finished the exam early. (plural noun needed after “three of the”) 4, Jane washed all of her clothing after the camping trip. (uncountable noun) 5. ‘The weakened hurricane brought six inches of rain to Florida. (plural noun needed after the number “six") 6. Would you like to borrow these books (OR this book) to read on your vacation? (demonstrative adjective has to agree with the noun) 7. Thave visited that museum many times. (plural noun needed after “many”) D (page 267) Answers will vary Possible answers follow. 1, Last night my printer ran out of paper. 2. Before the semester ends, Janine must wi 3. It seems that the old adage is true: “Wor 4. Currently an exhibit at the local museum Audubon, the famous painter of birds. five papers for her history class. -xpands to fill time.” featuring the original works of Unit 13 Pre-test: What Do You Already Know? See page 354 of Writing Clearly, Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test. Practice What You Have Learned (pages 276-278) Exercise 1 (page 276) 1. Because she did not know anyone there, Leah felt very uncomfortable at the party. 38 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved2 nwhile, I read a book.) 3. My parents, who immigrated from China two years ago, are illi 4. Lonce was in a math class where everyone was motivated to obtain (OR attain; OR earn; OR get) the best test score. 5. When Samir cannot answer in class, he does not feel confident (OR intelligent) 6. Jennifer's bad grade on her final exam in French prevented (OR kept) her from sing the course. 7. I became so curious that I decided to investigate the noise 8. Students are also doing their part to keep the school clean by not littering, 9. At first, I was speechless (OR silent) in class because of my English. 10. Afier she had been studying English for six weeks, Madeleine expected to know everything, but instead she found she had just begun to learn. Exercise 2 (page 277) When I was a senior in high school, I dreamed about being a college student, and often wondered what college would be like. I also wondered about how much difference there would be between college and high school, particularly in class size. tended (OR went to) a big-city high school, which was crowded; each class had an enrollment of 40 students, Therefore, when I sent in my application for college, I hoped that classes in college would be small. However, here at college, especially in chemistry and economies classes, the lecture halls are overcrowded (OR crowded), For instance, my chemistry class has more than 300 students in it and some of them cannot get a seat when they come late. Some students stand in the back, and others sit in the aisles. Unfortunately, when a class is very crowded, I cannot focus on what the teacher is emphasizing. Therefore, I do not feel satisfied with what I am learning Unfortunately, my wish that classes would be small in college has not come true (OR has not proven to be true). Exercise 3 (page 278) 1, During the baseball game, the rain-damaged roof of the stadium collapsed, injuring several spectators, 2. When certain weather conditions occur, smog increases in the Los Angeles area. 3. The little Airedale puppy has matured into a prize-winning champion. 4. When the rain stops, the police are going to investigate the crime and take fingerprints 5. At the next class meeting, the cancer specialist will summarize his research on preventing skin cancer. 6. Tam in the process of talking to a number of professors to determine what research topic I might be interested in. 7. Mathematicians have found a new way to solve the equation. 8. We never expected to encounter these types of problems. 39 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved,Post-test: What Do You Know Now? (pages 279-280) A (page 279) 1, uncover 2. basis 3. unsettled 4, spirits 5. easy 6. assignments 7. watch B. desert 9 talk 10, enriches B (page 279) 1. The students can collect their graded papers today from the teaching assistant’s office. We are still trying to determine where to have the party. ‘Can we submit our papers next Thursday instead of Monday? Many students do not want to dedicate time to doing meaningless homework. hed himself as a lawyer 20 years ago and has been very yeep C (page 280) ‘Our happiness as children is related to the environment that is created for us by our parents. There are parents who do not let kids touch anything in the kitchen, for example; they have decided the surroundings are too dangerous for the children to explore. However, during my childhood, my mother let me play with anything I wanted to handle. I collected stones, caught frogs, chased rabbits, and fed turtles. A couple of times I was injured (OR hurt), but I learned how to avoid getting hurt, [also helped my mother cook and do housework. Although I was a nuisance when I was helping, I gained knowledge and learned how to survive independently. I had a ‘wonderful childhood, and today I can laugh with my mother for hours when we talk about some foolish mistakes I made. Young people who are not allowed or encouraged to explore their worlds freely are at a disadvantage; there is no freedom and no fun for these childre Unit 14 Pre-Test: What Do You Already Know? See page 354 of Writing Clearly, Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test. 40 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Practice What You Have Learned (pages 293-296) Exercise 1 (page 293) 1. characterize characteristic characteristically 2. approximate approximate approximately 3. produce productive productively 4. originate original originally 5. categorize categorical categorically 6. signify significant significantly 7. theorize theoretical theoretically Exercise 2 (page 293) 11. Taking timed writing tests often gives students the benefit of becoming more accustomed to writing quickly under pressure. 1 2. The article very precisely and effectively explains the advantages and disadvantages of taking a class onlin. 1 3, Many immigrants become mature by dealing with adult problems at an early age. 1 4. My supervisor quickly approved my request for a two-week leave from work. 15. Gregorio came to Canada to pursue his Ph.D. C 6. Correct 17. My suggestion is aimed at easing the problem. 1 8 If Tkeep writing in this fashion, my writing skills might even become worse, for 1 might get used to making those mistakes. 19. When my roommate cooks, I have to clean up the mess he makes. 1 10. Being able to interact with a variety of people makes my job thoroughly enjoyable. Exercise 3 (page 294) 1. surprising 2. depressing 3. interested 4. puzzled 5. amazing 6. astonishing 7. surprised 8. entertaining Exercise 4 (page 295) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow. 1, A Toyota Prius gets better gas mileage than a Chevrolet Suburban, 2. It is cooler this month than it was last month. (OR: It is er this month than last month.) a Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning, All rights reserved.3. Los Angeles is larger than San Francisco. 4, In China, food costs less than it does in the United States. (OR: The price of food in United States.) ig than I expected. Exercise 5 (page 295) My bilingualism may benefit me in terms of job opportunities. First of all, more and ‘more immigrants arrive in the United States every year. To help these newcomers or to do business with them, bilingual and multilingual employees are needed. For example, banks, law firms, and insurance agencies often need employees who can communicate with both non-English speakers and English-speaking clients. therefore, because I speak Spanish well, { might find many job opportunities in places where there are a lot of Spanish speakers, such as Los Angeles, New York, Chicago, and Miami. Second, if I can achieve my goal of having my own dental clinic, Spanish-speaking clients may be a good source for my earnings. Many Spanish speakers tend to feel more comfortable with Spanish-speaking doctors and dentists Even Hispanics who speak English very well would prefer a Spanish-speaking dentist than an English-speaking one. So, overall, I may benefit economically from my knowledge of two languages. Exercise 6 (page 296) Being multilingual enables me to communicate directly with many people. Even though I mostly use English in my everyday life, especially at the university, I still use Cantonese to communicate with my relatives. My grandmother, for example, who just recently came to the United States from Vietnam and is now living with my family, cannot understand English. The only language she speaks fluently is Cantonese. Therefore, knowing how to speak Cantonese allows me to communicate easily with her. By talking with her, Ihave leamed some of my family's history. She told me that she and my grandfather were originally from China, and she explained what her life was like there. She has also told me interesting stories about China that I never would have heard if I did not speak Cantonese. Besides Cantonese, I also speak Vietnamese. Being able to speak these languages in Asian restaurants has also been 42 Whiting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved,it) to me, The restaurant employees recognize that they and 1 are from similar backgrounds because we speak the same language. They, therefore, give more to me than to customers who do not speak the language. Thus, being able to speak these languages opens the door for me to communicate closely with many different people. Post-test: What Do You Know Now? (pages 297-299) A (page 297) Noun Verb Adjective Adverb 1. analysis analyze analytical analytically 2. recovery recover recovered recoverable 3. contribution contribute contributed 4. facilitation facilitate facilitated 5. norm normalize normal normally 6. promotion promote promoted 7. involvement involv involved 8. modification modify ‘modified 9% finalization, finalize final finally vfinality 10. prediction predict predicted predictably predictable predictive B (page 297) Noun Verb Adjective Adverb 1. equate v 2. individually 3. generosity v 4. calmly 5. attentiveness 6. ability 7. dependable 8. regulation v 9. strengthen v 10. doubtful v KS C (page 297) 1. graduate 2. periodically 3. consider 43 Whiting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. all rights reserved,4. refer 5. support D (page 298) .. The student found several confusing sentences on the test 2. A run-on sentence is also known as a fused sentence. 3. The newest theory about the 1918 flu virus is interesting, 4. The new student union building is located behind the administration building. 5. Some of the Halloween costumes were very amusing. E (page 298) Adjective ive Form Superlative Form 1. good best 2 difficult more difficult ‘most difficult 3. fast faster fastest 4. bad worse worst 5. light lighter lightest 6. foggy foggier foggiest F (page 298) How are you? I have not had a chance to visit you lately since school keeps me very busy. However, I really appreciated your input on my application for pharmacy school, particularly the part where I talked about learning American Sign Language and the causes of deafness. Thank you, too, for sending me such a detailed e-mail on how to succeed in taking the entrance exam, T made a quick visit to my father yesterday. He was happy to see me and to find out that I am doing well in school. Unit 15 Pre-test: What Do You Already Know? See page 354 of Writing Clearly, Third Edition for answers to the Pre-test. Practice What You Have Learned (pages 310-313) Exercise 1 (page 310) 1. They had to be nice to their neighbors. 2. Tama student in the music department at the University of Michigan. 3. The revised schedule gives students a choice of dates. 44 Writing Clearly: Grammer for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, @ Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.n the early afternoon and 4. All the graduate classes in this department are held evening. It is easy to clean the kitchen when all you do is load the dishes in (OR into) the dishwasher. My lab partner lives at 1003 Rosemont Avenue. Living in an apartment is difficult if you are not happy with your roommates If you are looking for your car keys, I saw them lying on the table. 1. If my trip goes as planned, | will see you on Monday 10. My uncle, who owns a successful business, has had a big influence on me. een Exercise 2 (page 311) 1, My neighbors make so much noise that I have trouble con 2. Tdreamed about (OR of) you last night 3. [don’t know if [can ever forgive you for misleading me. 4. Are you interested in going camping with us next weekend? My advisor insisted on my submitting a research proposal by January. 6. L will have to think about (OR over) what you have said before I give you an answer. 7. 1am hopeful that I will succeed in finishing my bachelor’s degree by next year. 8. My parents do not object to my borrowing their car on weekends. 9. We want to take advantage of the nice weather and go on a picnic, 10. My brother's carelessness about food safety resulted in his getting food poisoning. entrating on my work Exercise 3 (page 312) L._ The school has not yet found out who gave that generous gift of $500. 2. If you have not finished your homework before class, you had better come up. with a good excuse for the teacher. 3. He was so angry about being overcharged that he tore up the bill 4. If you are not going to use that equipment, please get rid of it 5. My cousin is very sociable; he likes to interact with people. Exercise 4 (page 313) 1. for 2 in 3 at 4. on 5. in 6. for (OR at) 7. to (OR until) 8. in 9, for (OR with) 10. during IL in 12. at 13.10 as Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Post-test: What Do You Know Now? (pages 314-316) A (page 314) 1 Chicago. 2, Lama student at Northwestern University 3. A botanical garden can be found on the college campus. 4. Chelsea is a student in the Environmental Science Department. Cindy is in the field of computer science 5. Lin is doing research on the effects of vitamins on the immune system, Sandra is doing research on wireless networks. 6. The lecture for the entrance exam was on the topic of homelessness in small towns. 7. Frank"s work focuses on human memory processes. 8. My calculus class meets in the afternoon on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 2:10 PM. 9. Rashid was admitted to Ohio State University to study maternal and child nutrition. 10. Moe is interested in a career in advertising. 11. Thave enrolled in three classes this quarter. 12. This semester, classes began on Thursday, September 15. B (page 314) 1. Sharif was very nervous about taking the driving test for the first time. 2. Some stores are happy to give refunds while others are hesitant about giving refunds and would rather give credit instead 3. The reason for the delay in the flight's arrival was not explained. 4, During the summer months, there is an abundance of produce in the farmers’ markets. 5. Many students say that the preparation for taking an entrance exam is often harder than the exam itself. C (page 315) 1. In mid-April, we need to register for summer school to get the classes we want. 2. When Jacques looked up at the clock, he saw he had only ten minutes left to complete the exam. 3. Before I give you a definite answer, I feel I need to think about (OR over) the situation further. 4, Mark was asked to write an article about (OR on) the conference that he attended. 5. The professor has referred to Shakespeare's works numerous times. D (page 315) 1. Gail Wong is a senior in chemistry and expects to graduate in June of this year. After she graduates, she hopes to do graduate work in the area of organic chemistry. She just completed one year as a study-abroad student at Beijing University, where she learned to speak Chinese. Besides her academic studies, Gail serves as student body vice president, and she is interested in swimming. Her hobbies include listening to classical music and reading, 46 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved2, Michael Miyagi is a first-year graduate student working on a master's degree in civil engineering. He has a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from Hokkaido University in Japan. Before coming to the United States, he worked at a Japanese company that plans, designs, and constructs urban freeway systems in the Tokyo ‘metropolitan area, While in Japan, he was involved in designing new freeways. Currently, his research focuses on ways to reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. In his free time, he likes to play baseball and spend time with his family, a7 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.SECTION 3 Part A: Expand Your Vocabulary Exercise 1 (page 322) Answers will vary. Exercise 2 (page 322) Answers will vary. Part \chieve an Academic Writing Style Exercise 1 (page 326) 1. When applying for a job, applicants may want to use the serv Placement Center on their campus. There has been no snow this year. 3. Although they have lived here for ten years, my parents have not le English well 4, Tusually communicate with my parents in our native language, Chinese. 5. [have a number of tasks I need to accomplish today, including errands, housework, and some work in the garden. 6. This procedure is helpful because it is simple and inexpensive to perform. of the Career Exercise 2 (page 327) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow. 1. covers, explains, outlines 2. examine, study 3. Currently, At present 4, considering 5. further 6. very, highly, extremely 7. difficult, challenging 8. serious 9. useful, valuable 10. extensive Part C: Avoid Nonidiomatic and Unclear Sentences Exercise 1 (pages 329 ~ 330) 1 aN bt ae Ne 3. aNI bl 4 aNE BT 48 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Exercise 2 (page 330) Answers will vary. Possible answers follow 1, My mother did not let us go to the mall alone when we were young (OR small [meaning young) 2. By talking to people who live in the U.S., 1 eat custon “ording to an essay in the May 20th issue of Time, job openings for college graduates dropped ten percent during the last year. 4. That red blouse does not go with (OR match) those purple jeans. 5. My aunt, who lives in Los Angeles, takes the bus everywhere because she is afraid to drive on the freeway. 6. Now that my English has improved, I can 7. After talking with my teacher, I understand the lecture better. 8. Itwas blowing very hard and then the wind died down suddenly (OR all of a sudden). bit about Amer ith my friends, Exercise 3 (page 332) Inthe following exercise, the unclear sentences or parts of sentences have been underlined. Possible answers follow Original Text There are many differences between developing and industrialized nations. One important difference is in the types of worries individuals have in their daily lives. All humans have worries, but one hard tension for some people may differ hardness other people. In many parts of the world, people never think about buying new clothes or the latest model TV or car. All that they think about is how they can get a food from hunger. People have a great terror and this thing has a lot of tension. In contrast, people who live in wealthy nations usually never think about food except where or when they are going to eat, but they have different problems in their lives, stich as too much work, family problems, and stress. In both types of countries, rich and poor, people are never free from worry. Revised Text ‘There are many differences between developing and industrialized nations. One important difference is in the types of worries individuals have in their daily lives. All humans have worries, but different people may view their problems in different ways. In many parts of the world, people never think about buying new clothes or the latest model TV or car. All that they think about is how they can get enough food to eat. The possibility of starving makes people very afraid. In contrast, people who live in wealthy nations usually never think about food except where or when they are going to eat, but they have different problems in their lives, such as too much work, family problems, and stress. In both types of countries, rich and poor, people are never free from worry. 49 writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reservedPart D: Improve Flow of Ideas Exercise 1 (page 334) ‘This quarter [key word), 1am taking four courses [key word). Because Lam doing my Ph.D. degree in the Epidemiology Graduate Group [use of subordination to combine ideas], itis necessary for me to take one required course [repetition of key word], Principles of Epidemiology, and two prerequisite courses [repetition of key word), Statistics and Short Calculus. The other important course [addition of a point and repeating a key word] is Academic Writing. Since Lam an international student in my first year use of subordination to combine ideas], I will be spending a lot of time adjusting to the different teaching style here as well as working on improving my English. Also [connecting word], Uhave gotten a job as a research assistant doing some laboratory work, which is scheduled on Wednesday and Friday afternoons. In short [connecting phrase], | think this quarter [repetition of key word] will be very challenging for me, especially in terms of adapting to a new academic culture and handling a busy time schedule. Exercise 2 (page 335) Answers will vary. One possible revision follows This semester, I am taking an engineering course (Advanced Dynamics), an English course, a seminar, and doing research. All of these courses together add up to a total of 12 units. These courses are a light load for me; thus | am paying most attention to dynamics and English. Because this is my first semester in school here, what is the most important is to improve my English. Part E: Revise Your Writing (page 336) Exercise 1 (page 336) Answers will vary. Exercise 2 (page 336) Answers will vary. 50 Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning, All rights reserved.Appendix C Exercise 1 (page 345) Aside from studying for a degree, I have learned and experienced many things from being a student here. First, I have had many opportunities to broaden my views. By amed (OR am earning) about many different points of view. I have also come to understand more about the encountering people from many different backgrounds, I hav. issues facing people from different countries and how people from many different tures think. Second, I have learned much about the American culture and people. In ct the United States, [have encountered many unfamiliar aspects of culture that | had never seen before, Also, the way American people interact is different from what I was used to \d these differences and in the future hope to in my home country. I have tried to underst. be a sort of “bridge” that can connect Americans and Koreans. In terms of customs, one of the best ones that I have leamed is to sn ly, Ihave greatly improved my English. I do not have any fear of speaking English, and thinking in English feels very natural to me, Sometimes, [even dream in English. In my dreams, I have spoken (OR speak) in English even to my family! In conclusion, the experience of being here has been (OR is) a great asset for me. When I wi return home after a year here, I will be a zen of the world." at people. Fin person who is more open-minded and a person who is a better Exercise 2 (page 346) Rice balls (called onigiri) are a type of Japanese food that is much older than the sushi, Itis the most popular food to take along while traveling in the Japan. Rice balls are taken on picnics and trips, found at school and work, and put in a box lunch (OR box lunches). They are made from @ cooked rice and shaped into a triangle (OR triangles) or a ball (OR balls). The three ingredients that are needed to make Japanese rice balls are cooked rice, salt, some type of filling that has a strong flavor, and seaweeds. The filling is Put in the center of a (OR the) ball of rice and then it is shaped by hand. The ball of rice is then wrapped in @ seaweed. In my opinion, onigiri could become as popular around the world as sushi. It is a st Writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. all rights reserved.delicious yet an easy-to-make food. A problem that has to be solved, however, is the choice of a filling, In Japan, the most popular fillings are dried plums, barbecued ind flaked, dried bonito, Recently, tuna and chicken with the mayonnaise have salmons, been used and the barbe« family has its own favorites. However, it is difficult to know what kinds of fillings would ued beef is becoming more and more popular, In Japan, every be appropriate for a foreigner (OR foreigners). The people I interviewed in California nber, chicken, crab meats, or barbecued said that they like various kinds of fish, cuct pork. To my surprise, all of them were very interested in onigiti. Iam sure that if we experiment with recipes to get the right taste, onigiti will become a popular food around the world. Exercise 3 (page 346 - 347) For immigrants to a different country, learning a new language is a challenge that they will inevitably face. Some Chinese-speaking immigrants to the United States have a hard time learning English because of their background. In their home country, because English is rarely used, se (OR English is rarely used, so) most people have not had any contact with English before coming to the United States. Moreover, English is totally different from Mandarin or Cantonese in both grammar and pronunciation, so it requires a lot of practice for an immigrant to be able to use English well and have the confidence to speak it. When immigrants arrive here, many of them have to learn English starting with the alphabet, even though they may have had professional skills in their home country. While itis difficult for immigrants to learn English, it also hard for them to find time to study the language. Immigrants usually start to work within a community that uses the same language as they do because they need to go to work before they acquire ‘good English skills, At work, they usually communicate with people only in their home language, and, unfortunately, even if they want to take English classes, they often cannot find one that they are able to attend because of their busy schedules. By communicating in their home language at work and by not attending language classes, immigrants can spend the whole day without saying even one English sentence. This weekend I went home to San Francisco, and (OR when I went home to San Francisco, I spoke) | spoke 52 writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.‘no more than twenty complete sentences in English because | always communicate with nities, a person can spend his or my family and friends there in Mandarin. In some cot her entire life in this country without learning how to speak English. This situation is much more common the older the immigrants are and sometimes results in a feeling of isolation. Many immigrants feel they have lost their social identities and become people without a voice in this "land of opportunity. Exercise 4 (page 347 ~ 348) Marie Williams is a first-year graduate student working on a master’s degree in iduate degree in the same field from the Animal Science. She received her unde University of California, Los Angeles, last June. While she was an undergraduate student, 'ea World and the Wild Animal Preserve in San Diego, she held summer jobs at California. Her research currently focuses on reproduction physiology. Based on her Sea World experience, she is also very interested in animal breeding behavior in captivity and the factors that affect it. Aside from her studies, she likes outdoor activities, including fishing, hiking and biking. She also plays the guitar and sings in a local band. Exercise 5 (page 348) If on-line courses became a reality in the adult school in my area, one positive effect would be that working adults who wanted to study English as a second language would be able to go to school at their convenience. Nowadays, many older people are eager to enrich their education by attending adult school. However, attending school on a daily basis would be very difficult for some because they have to work at night, the school is far away from their home, or because the classes are full. When I was a sophomore at Richmond High School, I eamed some extra high school credits by attending Richmond Adult School. On the first day of class, the air was filled with excitement and the class was full. However, the very next week when I went to my English writing class, some students must have been missing because I overheard someone say, "Fong-Wai won't be here today because he's working at night. Mei-Ling's sick, so she is staying home. If these students had been there, my English instructor would not have been so 53 Witing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved,frustrated. She would not have felt as if she were losing her audience. Moreover, the ccager students from the first class had tumed into exhausted human beings. Although 1 ld hi did not know their backgrounds at that time, some mothers ¢ had three children to raise, or some people could have just gotten off work. Today, if these same students ed in an on-line course, the; could just attend class by sitting in front of a computer at any time of day. They would not have to make a tremendous effort to get to ‘omputer screen, they could relax and. class after a long and tiring day. While looking at a feel the joy of education instead of the exhaustion of adding hours to their day. For older Id (OR would students, studying at their own pace and having control over their time be one of the major benefits of an on-line class. Their struggle between work, childrearing, and school would be alleviated, and they could get the education that they desire-but only if they have the willingness to sit down and pursue it via the computer sereen, Exercise 6 (page 349) ‘The two factors which make my job as a high school teacher satisfying are developing a sense of trust with the students and seeing their progress. First of all, itis necessary to develop a sense of trust between my students and myself. I have always Felt that itis indispensable for the teacher to build a good relationship with students, including developing one with their parents, too. A good relationship with the students makes the atmosphere in class one of learning and the students find themselves eager 10 lean, For example, last year a student of mine, Juan, told me that he was very unsure of his ability to do mathematics because he had transferred from a school that had a poor math department. To help him gain confidence, I worked with him during lunch period and helped him catch up with the class. At the end of the semester, he was getting a B, and he said to me, "You trusted me and helped me learn to trust myself. Thank you." ‘The second factor that makes my job as a teacher satisfying is seeing the progress of my students. Of course, itis part of my job to encourage students to get good results on their examinations; yet, it gives me a sense of personal satisfaction when they have been accepted by the university of their choice or get a summer job based on some of the skills they have been taught, Their success encourages me to work harder so that their dreams, 54 writing Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning, All rights reserved.and those of their parents, will come true. While it is true that [am often evaluated by Whether or not my students succeed, it is the personal investment in their future that makes me feel satisfied with my job. If I had to choose a career all over again, I would definitely choose teaching, Whting Clearly: Grammar for Editing, Third Edition, Answer Key Copyright © Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 55