Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Rr. Vicky Ariyanti, ST, M.Sc, M.Eng,1 Andie Arif Wicaksono, ST, MT 2
1
Indonesian Ministry of Public Works, General Directorate of Water Resources,
Serayu Opak River Basin Organization
2
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Technology Yogyakarta
INTRODUCTION
Ratmakan as Code Riverside settlement has been around since the formation of
Yogyakarta Sultanage (Kraton) era. It was formed due to housing soldiers of the
Sultan (Zaim, 2004). Located in the heart of Yogyakarta, the area has been
flourished with different other functions throughout the history. Now, this
particular Kampung (settlement) is no longer filled with soldiers or their
descendants anymore. It is filled with mainly workers, vendors, and new comers
of the city.
Though several of the plots of land are given certificate, the lowest areas of the
river are all illegal housing (Yossi & Sajor, 2006). The government has been
trying to relocate them into rental apartment nearby, however this still lacks
interest from the common inhabitants of Ratmakan. Most of the inhabitants
choose to live by the riverside because of its strategic location in the heart of
Yogyakarta with low rent or illegal settlement ownership (Ariyanti, 2008). This
Kampungs inhabitants are also the meeting place of many new comers into the
city, which made it a unique melting pot of Indonesian archipelago.
However, due to its topographic, the Kampung also inherited flood as annual
problem. However, they still choose to live in the area. This study would like to
seek the reasons and how they live side by side with this threat.
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4th International Seminar of HATHI, 6-8 September 2013, Yogyakarta
Literature Study
This framework will help to understand the strategy that has been used by the
indigenous to in terms of their resiliency towards flood. Each aspect of
vulnerability is explored and assessed in detailed indicators to get a complete
overview. The formula stated that Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability
The following definitions are listed to explain each of the terms that used to
describe the items in the formula.
Hazards are natural processes or phenomena occurring in the biosphere that may
constitute a damaging event UNDP-BCPR (2004), in this context the natural
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4th International Seminar of HATHI, 6-8 September 2013, Yogyakarta
hazard would be flood. In this context the natural hazard would be flood,
consequently the latent danger would be the capacity of water in the river related
to the blockage of water ways (cleanliness of the river) during rainy season, which
in the site connected to the water channel of Code River from upstream to
downstream (north to south). In this respect data on annual precipitation up to
2,750 mm for Code Riverside (BWRMP, 20010) is used as follows:
Vulnerability is the degree of loss to a given element risk or set of such elements
resulting from the occurrence of a natural phenomenon of a given magnitude and
expressed on a scale from 0 (no damage) to 1 (total loss). On the other hand,
vulnerability may be understood, in general terms, as an internal risk factor,
mathematically expressed in terms of the feasibility that the exposed subject or
system will be affected by the phenomenon that characterizes the hazard
vulnerability (Cardona, 2003). Given the characteristic of the site, its degraded
environmental condition is created through progression of vulnerability. It is the
results of socio-economic and institutional conditions. Vulnerability in this
context is seen as the degree of safety in the existing condition seen through the
above mentioned conditions related directly to flood.
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4th International Seminar of HATHI, 6-8 September 2013, Yogyakarta
Risk is the potential loss to the exposed subject or system, resulting from the
convolution of hazard and vulnerability (Cardona, 2003). The exposed
conditions of Kampung Ratmakan to Code River have magnified its risk towards
annual flood.
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4th International Seminar of HATHI, 6-8 September 2013, Yogyakarta
Methodology of Study
Each of the data in this study will use several parameters to simplify and quantify
each aspect explored and together this data would be analyzed using PAR
framework.
In this respect, the aspects that needed to be analyzed are in the Unsafe
Conditions using the framework above, which are Physical Environment, Social
Relations, Public Actions and Institutions, and Local Economy.
Discussions
Based on the parameters that were presented earlier, summed using PAR
framework on Kampung Ratmakan condition, potencies and lessons learned from
the site are valuated into points, +1 when contribute safety related to flood, 0
when does not contribute anything to flood condition and -1 when contributing
more flood risks.
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4th International Seminar of HATHI, 6-8 September 2013, Yogyakarta
1. Physical Environment
2. Social Relations
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4. Local Economy
Results
+ 0 -
Public Actions Social Relations Physical Environment
Local Economy
The matrix shows that possible way to increase the sense of flood awareness and
to mitigate flood risks for the inhabitants is by using social relations e.g.
communal spirit to empower existing public actions and local economy to
improve the physical environment in order to cope with annual flood. Their
preparedness in facing the reality of annual flood and even cold lava flood or
debris flow is what a resilient community is about. The indigenous does know that
living on the riverside exposed themselves to flood risk, but so far since they still
feel their need to stay there is higher than their risk facing the flood. This
understanding should be reorientated towards a better future, away from hazard
zones such as what their dwellings are situated now. The role of civic
engangement and community participation are more significant than of physical
environment.
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4th International Seminar of HATHI, 6-8 September 2013, Yogyakarta
There are also lessons learned from local responses and knowledge on Kampung
Ratmakan flood:
24 hours economic activity helps to keep watch the river during rainy
seasons
Traditional warning systems; the using of kentongan
Community networks; through pengajian and loudspeaker as early
warning networks and information system
Indigenous flood preparedness strategies; move before flood raised to
higher grounds or second level, build 2nd storey
There is no means of economic adjustments to flooding
The fact that many discussions and conflicts on the landuse for riverside area have
still arisen, but disaster risk can still be mitigated if all riverside community have
the same preparedness as our case study.
The study concludes that resiliency and social economic condition of the
community hold stronger views than of ecological aspects. Indigenous ways in
using kenthongan and the mosque sound system for early warning system are also
proven to be effective.
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4th International Seminar of HATHI, 6-8 September 2013, Yogyakarta
The figure above explained that in order to proof the building against flood, items
in the construction need to be installed and water proofed, such as door guards in
the door opening, flood sacks to help maintain door guards on certain position,
covering air bricks, covering pipes and drains during flood which later can be
used to pumped flood water when flood is lowered, windows pane completed with
water proof cover, TV and hifi, also electric sockets need to be placed above the
ground, shelving needed to save important items during flood, water proofing the
flooring materials and wall, placing kitchen units and appliances above annual
flood water rise.
2. Develop green spaces and riparian zones to areas where the settlement area
was in order to create buffer zone and free settlement flood plain.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Book:
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Website:
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