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GENERATOR SET
RATING DEFINITIONS
Nick Paolo,
Regional Sales Engineer
MTU Onsite Energy
AGENDA
The load factor criteria determines the expected average load over
any 24 hour operating period
ISO STANDARD Reference
LOAD FACTOR EXAMPLE Material
650 kW
Average Load Factor = = 65%
1000 kW
02 MANUFACTURER ALLOWANCES
Caterpillar C175-16V
3.25MW Standby Rated
Caterpillar C175-20V
3.5 4MW Standby Rated
What is overload?
60% of time
40%
20%
Commonly offered as 110% of the
0%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 PRP rating
Hours
Less than
87 hours
(1% of year)
Less than
25 hours
MANUFACTURER ALLOWANCES
LOAD FACTOR REAL WORLD ADVANTAGE
Scenario # 1
Loads:
o (6) 25hp NEMA code G motors
o 150kW of incandescent lighting
MANUFACTURER ALLOWANCES
LOAD FACTOR REAL WORLD ADVANTAGE
Scenario # 2
Loads:
o (6) 25hp NEMA code G motors
o 150kW of incandescent lighting
MANUFACTURER ALLOWANCES
LOAD FACTOR REAL WORLD ADVANTAGE
Scenario # 3
Loads:
o (6) 25hp NEMA code G motors
o 150kW of incandescent lighting
MANUFACTURER ALLOWANCES
LOAD FACTOR REAL WORLD ADVANTAGE
Facility
Complexity
Regional
Federal
1. Stationary Emergency
2. Stationary Non-Emergency
Not true!
Stationary Emergency
EMERGENCY DIESEL ENGINES
Category
Current requirements
breakdown into three Tiers
Tier 4
EXHAUST EMISSIONS
MOBILE REQUIREMENTS
Mobile Classification
NON-ROAD MOBILE DIESEL ENGINES
Current
requirements
All Tier 4
EXHAUST EMISSIONS
MOBILE REQUIREMENTS
Mobile Classification
NON-ROAD MOBILE DIESEL ENGINES
(continued)
TPEM or
mobile flexing
allows previous
certified Tier
EXHAUST EMISSIONS
FEDERAL CATEGORY EXCEPTIONS
Stationary
Class Emergency Non- Non-Road
Emergency Mobile Machinery
2. Inducement Concerns
EPA required shut-downs
add risk to mission critical
applications
EXHAUST EMISSIONS
NON-EMERGENCY DECISION
T4 Certification yes
Specified?
yes
Payback good?
no How would a
no
Want a green
reputation?
yes
customer make
no
this decision?
Local Emission yes Certified best yes
solution?
Requirements?
no
no
Tier 2 +
Tier 2 Tier 4 Certified
After-Treatment
EXHAUST EMISSIONS
REGIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Title V Permitting
The Federal Clean Air Act requires Title V permits for facilities
that emit:
One 16V4000G83L
2500 kWe Standby Rating
Tier 2 Certified for Emergency Use
Each unit has the Potential to Emit (PTE)
Facility Limit: 5615 hours per year because of NOx emission
EXHAUST EMISSIONS
FACILITY LIMITS
Twenty-eight 16V4000G83Ls
2500 kWe Standby Rating
Tier 2 Certified for Emergency Use
Each unit has the Potential to Emit (PTE)
Facility Limit: 200 hours per year because of NOx emission
EXHAUST EMISSIONS
FACILITY LIMITS
Non-Attainment Areas
Non-Attainment Areas
The Clean Air Act requires that
any State with Non-Attainment
Areas must develop a State
Implementation Plan (SIP) to
correct the problem.
Tier Requirement Tier I Tier II Tier III Tier IV The Uptime Institute
System + tier certification refers
Source System
System
to the data centers'
System Component
Multiple infrastructure that
Redundancy N N+1
N+1
(power & cooling)
directly affects the
1 active
Distribution Paths 1 and 1 2 active computer room
alternate operation & uptime
Concurrently
No Yes
Maintainable
Fault Tolerance
(single event)
No Yes The certifications
Compartmentalization No Yes are awarded in four
Yes
Continuous Cooling Load Density Dependent
(Class A) Tier levels
Availability 99.67% 99.75% 99.98% 99.99%
SPECIFIC INDUSTRY RATINGS
TIER COMPARISON TO ISO RATINGS
Expected
200
Annual 200 hours Unlimited 500 hours Unlimited Unlimited
hours
Run-time
Load
Variable Variable Undefined Constant Variable Variable
Variability
Average
Load 70% 70% 100% 100% Undefined 100%
Factor
No reliable
Back-up Grid Power Back-up Back-up
Usage utility
Power Programs Stations Power Power
applications
05 CONCLUSION
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION