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Anatomy of the heart

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1. EPICARDIO: It is the outermost layer of the wall of the heart. It is composed of two tissue
layers: Fibrous perciardium Serous pericardium
2. MIOCARDIO: Heart muscle tissue, confers volume to the heart and is responsible for
pumping action. Its fibers are surrounded by connective tissue, composed of endomysium
and perimysium.
3. ENDOCARDIO: Corresponds to the innermost layer. It is a thin layer of endothelium that is
located on a thin layer of connective tissue
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AURICULOVENTRICULAR VALVE, LEFT AND RIGHT

1. AV RIGHT VALVE: Also called tricuspid valve, since it has three valves that separate the
auricle and the right ventricle. It allows the passage of blood, with impurities and high
content of carbon dioxide after its passage through the body, from the right atrium to
the right ventricle and prevents the bloodstream from reversing.
2. LEFT AV VALVE: Also known as mitral valve. Separate the auricle and left ventricle. The
mitral valve opens each time the left ventricle becomes distended (diastole), allowing
blood to flow from the left atrium to fill the left ventricle. When the left ventricle
contracts (systole), the increase in pressure in the ventricle leads to closure of the mitral
valve, avoiding retrograde blood flow to the atrium
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HEART CAMERA OUTPUT TRACT The blood comes from the inferior vena cava, upper vena
cava and coronary sinus, passing to the right atrium to the right ventricle through the
right AV valve, reaching the trunks and pulmonary arteries. From there, it passes to the
pulmonary capillaries, pulmonary veins, reaching the left atrium and passing to the left
ventricle via the left AV valve. The blood reaches the ascending aorta and is distributed
throughout the body.

The blood comes from the inferior vena cava, upper vena cava and coronary sinus, passing
to the right atrium to the right ventricle through the right AV valve, reaching the trunks
and pulmonary arteries. From there, it passes to the pulmonary capillaries, pulmonary
veins, reaching the atrium Left and into the left ventricle via the left AV valve. The blood
reaches the ascending aorta and is distributed throughout the body.
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ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES

1. UPPER LEFT CAMERA: Left auricle

2. LOWER LEFT CHAMBER: Left ventricle
3. UPPER RIGHT CAMERA: Right atrium
4. LOWER RIGHT CAMERA: Right ventricle
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INERVATION OF THE HEART

The innervation of the heart is given by the autonomic fibers from the vagus nerve and
the sympathetic trunks. The preganglionic parasympathic fibers in the vagus nerves
(orginated in the rachidial bulb) are carried as cervical and thoracic cardiac branches to
the gabbro-gabary cells in the cardiac or subepicardial plexus, where they make synapses.
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ARTERIES OF THE HEART

1. AORTA: Es la arteria principal del cuerpo humano. Da origen a todas las arterias del
sistema circulatorio excepto las arterias pulmonares, que nacen en el ventrculo derecho
del corazn. Nace directamente de la base del ventrculo izquierdo del corazn y,
formando un arco llamado arco artico, desciende hacia el abdomen donde, a la altura de
la IV vrtebra lumbar, se bifurca en dos arterias, las ilacas comunes o primitivas, que
irrigan la pelvis y el miembro inferior, y la arteria sacra media, que se dirige a parte del
recto. Aorta ascendente: Es la primera porcin de aorta que abarca desde el corazn al
comienzo del arco de la aorta, y en ella se originan las arterias coronarias izquierda y
derecha Aorta descendente: Es la seccin que va desde el arco artico hasta el lugar
donde se divide en las arterias ilacas comunes.
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PULMONARY ARTERY

The pulmonary artery is a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs. It is
the only artery that carries carboxigenated blood (ie, with carbon dioxide to be
oxygenated in the lungs) It bifurcates in two terminal branches: right and left The IPA
crosses the anterior and superior face of the left bronchus below and to the left of the
horizaontal portion of the aortic arch to locate the delta of the descending portion of the
aorta. The APD crosses behind the superior vena cava and ascending portion of the aorta