2012

6.0 INFORMATION SYSTEMS

6.1 CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION

SYSTEMS

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6.1.1 Definition

What is Data?
Raw material, not organized, has little value
Each data will contribute useful information

What types of data?

Text - sentences and paragraphs
Numerical - 0 to 9
Image - graphical image
Audio - sound, tone, voice
Video - moving image
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Text Numerical Image

Voice Video
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6.1.1 Definition

What is Information?
Organized data
Has value and meaningful

ORGANIZED
Text + Numerical + Voice + Image + Video
is
INFORMATION

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6.1.1 Definition

What is Information Systems?

Combination of information technology and
people's activities that support operations,
management and decision making
Collect data + Filter + Process + Create +
Distribute data
Making calculation, comparing, storing data

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6.1.2 Usage of Information Systems In Various Fields

EDUCATION
Student Access
gives students access to information
through the Internet
Student Learning
can improve student learning
Classroom Teaching
allowing the teachers and students to find
more creative ways to teach and learn
Administration
manage school information
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6.1.2 Usage of Information Systems In Various Fields

BUSINESS
Buying and Selling
Manage buying and selling through internet
Manage Company
store information, collect data, records
customer transaction
Manage Supply Chain
integrating the links in a supply chain
Customer Relationship
manage relationships with potential and
current customers
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6.1.2 Usage of Information Systems In Various Fields

MANAGEMENT
Track Record
Use for keep all company record, employee
data, finding information and data for
company
Manage Company Operation
Inventory check, manage day to day
operation

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6.1.3 Information System Components

5 COMPONENTS
Data

procedure Hardware

People Software

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6.1.3 Information System Components

DATA
Data are facts that are used by programs to
produce useful information.
Data are generally stored in machine-
readable form on disk or tape until the
computer needs them.

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6.1.3 Information System Components

HARDWARE
Refers to machinery.
Often referred to as the central processing
unit (CPU), and all of its support
equipments.
Among the support equipments are input
and output devices, storage devices and
communications devices.

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6.1.3 Information System Components

SOFTWARE
Computer programs and the manuals (if
any) that support them.
Computer programs are machine-readable
instructions
2 type of software is System Software and
Application Software

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6.1.3 Information System Components

PEOPLE
Needs people if it is to be useful.
Often the most over-looked element are
the people, probably the component that
most influence the success or failure of
information systems.

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6.1.3 Information System Components

PROCEDURE
Procedures are the policies that govern the
operation of a computer system.
Procedures can be in the form of guidelines
in the user manuals

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6.1.3 Information System Components

INTERRELATION BETWEEN ALL COMPONENTS

Data

Procedure Hardware

People Software
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6.1.3 Information System Components

INTERRELATION BETWEEN ALL COMPONENTS

People use computer (hard and software) to

access information (data), between all of that,
there are procedure people need to follow

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6.1.4 Types of Information Systems

5 TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Management Information System (MIS)
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
Decision Support System (DSS)
Executive Information System (EIS)
Expert System (ES)/Artificial Intelligence (AI)

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6.1.4 Types of Information Systems

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

Mainly concerned with internal sources of
information.
MIS usually take data from the transaction
processing systems and summarize it into a
series of management reports.
MIS reports tend to be used by middle
management and operational supervisors.

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6.1.4 Types of Information Systems

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM

Designed to process routine transactions
efficiently and accurately.
A business will have several TPS
Example of TPS
Billing systems to send invoices to
customers
Systems to calculate the weekly and
monthly payroll and tax payments

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6.1.4 Types of Information Systems

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

Help management make decisions in
situations where there is uncertainty about
the possible outcomes of those decisions.
DSS comprise tools and techniques to help
gather relevant information and analyze the
options and alternatives
DSS often involves use of complex
spreadsheet and databases to create
"what-if" models.
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6.1.4 Types of Information Systems

EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM

Designed to help senior management make
strategic decisions.
Gathers, analyses and summarizes the key
internal and external information used in
the business.
Typically involve lots of data analysis and
modeling tools such as "what-if" analysis to
help strategic decision-making.

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6.1.4 Types of Information Systems

EXPERT SYSTEM / ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

System that emulates the decision-making
ability of a human expert
Designed to solve complex problems by
reasoning about knowledge, like an expert,
and not by following the procedure of a
developer as is the case in conventional
programming

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6.1.5 Hierarchy of Data

TYPE OF DATA
bit - Smallest unit of data the computer can
store that consist of binary 1 and 0
byte - Collection of eight bits. A byte
represents a character
Field - Unit of data consisting of one or
more character
Record - A collection of related fields
File - A collection of related records
Database - structured collection of data
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6.1.5 Hierarchy of Data

BIT & BYTE

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6.1.5 Hierarchy of Data

Database
File
Record
Field
Byte
Bit
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