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Ulopolit has a complex honorific system similar to Japanese keigo. Ulopolit speakers have
a different way of speaking depending on if their social status is very different to, different
to, slightly different to, or equal to the speakee, at least in formal speech. Informal speech
cuts out one of the levels, or even two if it's particularly informal.
Ulopolit was originally a pro-drop language, which resulted in a slightly ridiculous number
of first- and second-person pronouns. The pro-drop tendencies have since receded into
only the most formal speech; the ridiculous pronoun count remains, and is now a part of
the aforementioned honorific system.
Speech styles from male superiors to male inferiors are usually derogatory towards and
actively making fun of the inferior. Speech from males to androgynes is usually less harsh
than superior-to-inferior speech in general, as the androgyne's inferiority is assumed to be
a mistake of her birth while that of the male an intentional choice. From superior
androgynes to inferior androgynes, speech styles are more egalitarian (the 'extreme social
gap' case does not exist in intra-androgyne speech) and highly patronizing an androgyne
will talk to her lessers much like how she talks to her young children. On the rare
occasions an androgyne is speaking directly to an inferior male, her speech will be
deferential in a way laced with irony, much like the patronizing younger-child style.
There are three definite articles; one androgyne, one male, and one ungendered. Due to
definite articles being gendered, nouns do not have any inherent gender. For instance,
'the boy' would be 'the[masculine] person under thirteen'. The closest thing in Ulopolit to
grammatical gender as seen in many European languages is grammatical class. While the
real Ulopolit class structure is more complex, in language it's simplified to 'upper-class',
'middle-class', or 'lower-class'; 'the boy' is more likely than not 'the[masculine] person
under thirteen[upper-class]'. Grammatical class primarily exists for people and people-
adjacent things, but can be applied (informally) to objects 'house[upper-class]' being a
particularly spectacular mansion, 'house[lower-class]' being the biggest dump in a trailer
park. In informal speech, people may also apply lower-than-actual grammatical class
signifiers to people of high social standing they dislike, like politicians for the other side.
people[upper-class] akaha
people[middle-class] akaham
people[lower-class] akahe
person[upper-class] aka
person[middle-class] akam
person[lower-class] ake
'aka' is a root originally meaning 'warrior', and appears in many words; for instance,
'soldier' is 'bayaka', from 'hired' and 'warrior'
How 'aka' evolved into 'person' is unknown. 'Akatakien', the species name, comes from
'aka' + 'taie' ('thinking' in the sense of 'considering'); the became a k for easier
pronunciation, the n appeared for unknown reasons (the planet is 'Akatakie', no n). 'Taie'
has descended into two modern words 'iete' is 'thinking' in the sense of 'considering',
while 'kiete' is 'thinking' in the sense of 'sapient'. ('Turukie', the Ulopolit word for 'sentient',
is in turn derived from 'kiete' it literally translates to 'quasi-sapient'. Ulopolit speakers do
not mix up 'sentient' and 'sapient' like English speakers.)
Due to the aforementioned 'evolved in a pro-drop context', first- and second-person
pronouns in Ulopolit are complex in a way that begs for comparison to Japanese. Ulopolit
speakers choose their first-person pronouns based not only on gender and social status (in
a vacuum, rather than compared to the speakee) but personality there is such variety in
pronoun choice that small friend groups, people with similar results on all three markers,
can all use different versions of 'I'. One is expected to use their chosen first-person
pronoun in all contexts, which can be awkward when talking to ancient conservative family
members or at job interviews. This is probably why pro-drop has not actually disappeared
from Ulopolit.
The bidental percussive (), also known as gnashing one's teeth, is a consonant in
Ulopolit. It and the bilabial percussive (), smacking one's lips, which isn't used outside
this context, are also the language's two main indefinite articles. is masculine, is
feminine. 'The boy' is 'zot noi', while 'a boy' is ' noi'; 'the girl' is 'zon noin', 'a girl' is '
noin'. There is no neuter indefinite article, the neutral masculine being used in its place.
There are more indefinite articles than simply those two, often built along similar lines. For
instance, is a partitive article a construct similar to 'some' in English, used with mass
nouns to denote an unspecified quantity.
Some words:
momo
aze
kulini
'mo' art
'momo' create
'aze' information
'momoaz' knowledge/learning (even more accurately, -momoaz is -ology)