EPDU 3.

0
Enclosed Power Distribution Unit

Mats Almskog; Power Design

ke Ericsson, Expert; Site Power & Grounding
19/09/2016 1
 The Purpose of EPDU 3.0 system

LOD versus HOD (Ericsson solution)

Short description of EPDU 3.0 and its parts

Example/recomendation on how the EPDU 3.0

should be used/installed in a telecom
application (AXE/CPP/BSP, etc)

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 The Purpose of EPDU 3.0 system

19/09/2016 3
 Engineering/Installation concerns

Type of Power Plant Ericssons telecom equipment

HOD 2-wire HOD 2-wire

HOD AXE/ CPP

etc OK
LOD 2-wire LOD 2-wire

LOD AXE/ CPP

etc OK
LOD 2-wire HOD 2-wire

AXE/ CPP
LOD NOK
etc

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 Engineering/Installation concerns

Type of Power Plant Ericssons telecom equipment

HOD 2-wire HOD 2-wire

HOD AXE/ CPP

etc OK
LOD 2-wire LOD 2-wire

LOD AXE/ CPP

etc OK
LOD 2-wire HOD 2-wire

LOD EPDU 3.0

AXE/ CPP
etc OK
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 Engineering/Installation multi vendor site

Type of Power Plant Telecom equipment

LOD 2-wire

LOD EPDU 3.0

Ericsson
HOD 2-wire
telecom OK
Vendor X
LOD 2-wire
telecom
OK
Vendor Y
LOD 2-wire
telecom
OK

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 LOD versus HOD

19/09/2016 7
 Low Ohmic Distribution, LOD

Power plant Distribution Telecom loads

R-cable -54V
AC
DC

R-cable

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 Low Ohmic Distribution, LOD

Power plant Distribution Telecom loads

R-cable -54V
AC
DC

R-cable

In the event of an abnormal situation in the distribution system or within the telecom equipment (telecom
load), a short circuit may occur.

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 Low Ohmic Distribution, LOD

Power plant Distribution Telecom loads

R-cable -54V
AC
DC

R-cable

3-5kA

In the event of an abnormal situation in the distribution system or within the telecom equipment (telecom
load), a short circuit may occur.
A current path will be created with a short circuit current of 3-5kA depending on the total impedance in the
current path

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 Low Ohmic Distribution, LOD

Power plant Distribution Telecom loads

R-cable -54V
AC
DC

R-cable

3-5kA

-54V

-27V
10 ms

In the event of an abnormal situation in the distribution system or within the telecom equipment (telecom
load), a short circuit may occur.
A current path will be created with a short circuit current of 3-5kA depending on the total impedance in the
current path
During the time until the fuse have tripped for this short circuit current (up to 10 ms), the voltage level at
the distribution will drop below the minimum voltage level for the loads that as a consequence will turn off

19/09/2016 11
 Low Ohmic Distribution, LOD

Power plant Distribution Telecom loads

R-cable -54V
AC C
DC

R-cable C

3-5kA

-54V -54V
-40.5V
-27V
10 ms 10 ms

In the event of an abnormal situation in the distribution system or within the telecom equipment (telecom
load), a short circuit may occur.
A current path will be created with a short circuit current of 3-5kA
During the time until the fuse have tripped for this short circuit current (up to 10 ms), the voltage level at
the distribution will drop below the minimum voltage level for the loads that as a consequence will turn off
Solution is that each load have an local energy reservoir, (hold up capacitors + blocking diode) to maintain a
voltage level above -40V during the 10 ms time period until the fuse/circuit breaker operates and cut off the
short circuit
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 High Ohmic Distribution, HOD (Ericsson solution)

Power plant Distribution Telecom loads

-54V 30 m R-cable

AC
DC

The key component in the HOD is an internal resistance of 30 m in the distribution system

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 High Ohmic Distribution, HOD (Ericsson solution)

Power plant Distribution Telecom loads

-54V 30 m R-cable

AC
DC

In the event of an abnormal situation in the distribution system or within the telecom equipment (telecom
load), a short circuit may occur.

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 High Ohmic Distribution, HOD (Ericsson solution)

Power plant Distribution Telecom loads

-54V 30 m R-cable

AC
DC

Max 1 kA

In the event of an abnormal situation in the distribution system or within the telecom equipment (telecom
load), a short circuit may occur.
A current path will be created with a short circuit current of maximum 1 kA due to the extra 30m in the
distribution

19/09/2016 15
 High Ohmic Distribution, HOD (Ericsson solution)

Power plant Distribution Telecom loads

-54V 30 m R-cable

AC
DC

Max 1 kA
-54V
-40.5V

10 ms

In the event of an abnormal situation in the distribution system or within the telecom equipment (telecom
load), a short circuit may occur.
A current path will be created with a short circuit current of maximum 1 kA due to the extra 30m in the
distribution
During the time until the fuse have tripped for this short circuit current (up to 10 ms), the voltage level at
the distribution will drop, but due to the lower short circuit current, the voltage level at the load will not
drop below the level where the loads turns off, meaning that there is no need for each load to carry its own
energy reserve
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 LOD versus HOD, summery

19/09/2016 17
 LOD versus HOD, summery

Both principles comply with basic requirements safety, EMC, reliability

(e.g. immunity against single-point failure) etc.

19/09/2016 18
 LOD versus HOD, summery

Both principles comply with basic requirements safety, EMC, reliability

(e.g. immunity against single-point failure) etc.

LOD puts special requirements downstream towards the input stage of the
telecom equipment in terms of hold-up capacitors.

19/09/2016 19
 LOD versus HOD, summery

Both principles comply with basic requirements safety, EMC, reliability

(e.g. immunity against single-point failure) etc.

LOD puts special requirements downstream towards the input stage of the
telecom equipment in terms of hold-up capacitors.

HOD puts special requirements upstream towards the output stage of the -48 Vdc
power plant in terms of a fix resistor in series with the circuit breaker.

19/09/2016 20
 LOD versus HOD, summery

Both principles comply with basic requirements safety, EMC, reliability

(e.g. immunity against single-point failure) etc.

LOD puts special requirements downstream towards the input stage of the
telecom equipment in terms of hold-up capacitors.

HOD puts special requirements upstream towards the output stage of the -48 Vdc
power plant in terms of a fix resistor in series with the circuit breaker.

Both principles comply with relevant standards (issued by ETSI, ANSI etc.)
stipulating a normal service input voltage range from approximately -40 to -57 Vdc.

19/09/2016 21
 LOD versus HOD, summery

Both principles comply with basic requirements safety, EMC, reliability

(e.g. immunity against single-point failure) etc.

LOD puts special requirements downstream towards the input stage of the
telecom equipment in terms of hold-up capacitors.

HOD puts special requirements upstream towards the output stage of the -48 Vdc
power plant in terms of a fix resistor in series with the circuit breaker.

Both principles comply with relevant standards (issued by ETSI, ANSI etc.)
stipulating a normal service input voltage range from approximately -40 to -57 Vdc.

There are no national or international standards stipulating HOD or LOD. The

choice of HOD or LOD is more about tradition amongst operators and vendors.

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 EPDU 3.0 system building blocks

19/09/2016 23
 BYB 501 cabinet

OF O OF O
F N F N
OF O OF O
F N F N
OF O OF O
F N F N
OF O OF O
F N F N

EPDU 3.0 system is housed in an Ericsson standard BYB 501

cabinet
2 Earth grounding bars:
in the top for overhead cabling
In the bottom for raised floor cabling
Each grounding bar can fit up to eight, 50 mm2 grounding/
earth strengthening cables (dual-lugs)

19/09/2016 24
 CBU-8, Circuit Breaker Unit

OFF ON OFF ON

OFF ON OFF ON

OFF ON OFF ON

OFF ON OFF ON

The CBU distribute incoming, low-ohmic, power and protect the

outgoing distribution circuit branches that power the PDUs

2 Independent branch circuits, A and B

Each branch supports 4 circuit breakers for outgoing power to PDU
2 type of CBU
50A circuit breakers
80A circuit breakers
19/09/2016 25
 PDU, Power Distribution Unit

The PDU is a distribution unit that converts the low-ohmic

(LOD), incoming power to the high-ohmic (HOD), output
power
Two types of PDUs
PDU-14 with 14 outputs protected by 15A electronic fuses
PDU-HC with 6 outputs protected by 30A electronic fuses + 1 output with
a 15A electronic fuse

19/09/2016 26
 PDU-14, Power Distribution Unit

14 outputs, each with a 15A electronic fuse

Two separate branches with 7 outputs each
Each branch individual supplied with power from separate
fuses in the CBU
Each branch can supply a maximum of 2500W with power
divided over the 7 outputs
19/09/2016 27
 PDU-HC, Power Distribution Unit

7 outputs, with a 30A electronic fuse + 1 with a 15A

electronic fuse
Two separate branches
Each branch individual supplied with power from two
separate fuses in the CBU
Each branch can supply a maximum of 2500W with power
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 Fan Unit 3.0

Dual power feed, A and B, from two separate fuses in the

PDUs
3 fans, each with individual temp sensor
If one fan fails, the other two will compensate for the loss of
airflow
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 Control Unit 3.0

Provides alarm & supervision functions in the EPDU system

2 types of Control Unit:
SCU, without display
SCD, with a 2 raw display that show setting and alarms
Dual power feed, A and B, from two separate fuses in the
PDUs.
Monitor and collect alarms and load values from all PDUs
and Fan unit in the cabinet via DENIB protocol that is an RS-
232 serial interface for units connected an a chain.
Handles A and B alarm priorities
External interfaces that can be connected to a Site Alarm
Handler

19/09/2016 30
 EPDU Manager

Separate software for installation on a PC

Provides complementary supervision of units in an EPDU
system
Presents alarms and status of the units in the EPDU
Presents analog value reading for units in the EPDU
Alarm setting adjustment
Provides logging functionality

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 EPDU 3.0 System

EPDU 2 Two EPDU distribution systems in one

cabinet

EPDU 1

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 The electronic fuse

19/09/2016 33
 The electronic fuse

The overcurrent protection at the PDU output stage is:

neither a melting fuse nor a circuit breaker but an electronic circuit breaker, or as referred
to in the daily words, an electronic fuse

19/09/2016 34
 The electronic fuse

The overcurrent protection at the PDU output stage is:

neither a melting fuse nor a circuit breaker but an electronic circuit breaker, or as referred
to in the daily words, an electronic fuse

valid for each individual output of PDU-14 and PDU-HC

19/09/2016 35
 The electronic fuse

The overcurrent protection at the PDU output stage is:

neither a melting fuse nor a circuit breaker but an electronic circuit breaker or as referred
to in the daily words an electronic fuse

valid for each individual output of PDU-14 and PDU-HC

Approved catastrophic fuse Functional requiement to comply with HOD Electronic CLD (Current Limiting Device)

19/09/2016 36
 The electronic fuse

The overcurrent protection at the PDU output stage is:

neither a melting fuse nor a circuit breaker but an electronic circuit breaker or as referred
to in the daily words an electronic fuse

valid for each individual output of PDU-14 and PDU-HC

Approved catastrophic fuse Functional requiement to comply with HOD Electronic CLD (Current Limiting Device)

19/09/2016 37
 Total power system with EPDU 3.0

19/09/2016 38
 EPDU 3.0 connection between a LOD power plant and
-48V DC telecom loads
LOD Power system EPDU 3.0 HOD system

AC CBU
DC A B
200A 50A

Telecom load
PDU (A-side)

15/30A
A B

PDU (B-side)

15/30A
A B

19/09/2016 39
 EPDU 3.0 connection between a LOD power plant and
-48V DC telecom loads
LOD Power system EPDU 3.0 HOD system

AC CBU
DC A B
200A 50A

Each branch in the PDU can handle Telecom load

max 2500W divided over the max
number of outputs per branch.
PDU (A-side)
2500W 2500W

15/30A
A B

PDU (B-side)
2500W 2500W

15/30A
A B

19/09/2016 40
 EPDU 3.0 connection between a LOD power plant and
-48V DC telecom loads
LOD Power system EPDU 3.0 HOD system

AC CBU
DC A B
200A 50A

Each branch in the PDU can handle Telecom load

max 2500W divided over max number
of outputs
PDU (A-side)
However, during normal operation, 2500 1250W 2500 1250W
the max load for each branch is in
reality 1250W 15/30A
A B

PDU (B-side)
2500 1250W 2500 1250W

15/30A
A B

19/09/2016 41
 EPDU 3.0 connection between a LOD power plant and
-48V DC telecom loads
LOD Power system EPDU 3.0 HOD system

AC CBU
DC A B
200A 50A

Each branch in the PDU can handle Telecom load

max 2500W divided over max number
of outputs
PDU (A-side)
However, during normal operation, 2500 1250W 2500 1250W
the max load for each branch is in
reality 1250W 15/30A 2500W
Each load total power consumption A B
(2500W) is equally split between the
A- and B-fed (1250W each) 1250W 1250W

PDU (B-side)
2500 1250W 2500 1250W

15/30A 2500W
A B

19/09/2016 1250W 1250W 42

 EPDU 3.0 connection between a LOD power plant and
-48V DC telecom loads
LOD Power system EPDU 3.0 HOD system

AC CBU
DC A B
200A 50A

Each branch in the PDU can handle Telecom load

max 2500W divided over max number
of outputs
PDU (A-side)
However, during normal operation 2500 1250W 2500 1250W
the max load for each branch is in
reality 1250W 15/30A 2500W
Each loads total power consumption A B
(2500W) is equally split between the
A- and B-fed (1250W each) 1250W
Should one of the PDUs fail
completely, or the feeding fuse to one PDU (B-side)
branch trip, this branch (B-side) will no
longer carry any power 2500 1250W 2500 1250W

15/30A 2500W
A B

19/09/2016 1250W 43
 EPDU 3.0 connection between a LOD power plant and
-48V DC telecom loads
LOD Power system EPDU 3.0 HOD system

AC CBU
DC A B
200A 50A

Each branch in the PDU can handle Telecom load

max 2500W divided over max number
of outputs
PDU (A-side)
However, during normal operation 2500W 2500W
the max load for each branch is in
reality 1250W 15/30A 2500W
Each loads total power consumption A B
(2500W) is equally split between the
A- and B-fed (1250W each) 2500W 1250W
Should one of the PDUs fail
completely, or the feeding fuse to one PDU (B-side)
branch trip, this branch (B-side) will no
longer carry any power 2500 1250W 2500 1250W
As a consequence, the total load 15/30A 2500W
power will now be supported from only
one branch (A-side), that will reach its A B
design maximum of 2500W per 2500W
branch
19/09/2016 1250W 44
 Thank you!

19/09/2016 45