Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
D E P A R T M E N T O F 5 T A T E
From SPANISH To PORTUGUESE
JACK L. ULSH
1971
o E P A R T M E N T O F 5 T A T E
For sale by the ~uperlntendent af Documents. U. S. Governrnent Prmtmg Ofhce
TABlE OF CONTENTS
Author' s Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Specia1 Note on Cognates ............................... viii
The Vowe1s 1
Spanish Vowe1s with Counterparts in Portuguese . 1
1. Spanish ~ / Portuguese ~ ...................... 1
2. Spanish unstressed 2 and ~ / Portuguese unstres-
sed ~ and .i . 4
Portuguese Vowe1s Not Occurring in Spanish . 8
1. Oral Vowe1s . 8
2. Nasal Vowe1s : . 13
The Diphthongs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Spanish Diphthongs with Counterparts in Portuguese 16
Portuguese Diphthongs Not Occurring in Spanish 17
1. Oral Diphthongs 17
2. Nasal Diphthongs 18
Diphthongs Restricted to Some Dia1ects 20
The Consonants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Spanish Consonants with Counterparts in Portuguese 21
portuguese Consonants Not Occurring in Spanish 26
Observations on Major Brazi1ian Dia1ect Differences 28
Consonant C1usters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Introduction 29
Word arder . 31
Word Order in Questions with Interrogative Words . 31
Word Order in Yes-No Questions . 32
Word order in Answers to Yes-No Questions . 32
Negation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
An Extra Negative ................................. 34
portuguese 'either/neither' ..................... 34
v
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Contractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Verbs . 39
Verb Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Regular Verb Forms . 39
Irregular Verb Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Verb Constructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
1. Spanish (ir + ~ + infinitive) vs. Portuguese
(ir + infinitive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2. Spanish (haber + past participle) vs. Portuguese
(ter + past participle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3. Spanish gustar vs. Portuguese gostar de ........ 48
4. Spanish hacer vs. Portuguese haver in time ex-
preSSl.ons . 48
5. Spanish (estar + -ndo) vs. Portuguese (estar + ~
+ infinitive) . 49
Usage of ser and estar .......................... 49
Two New Verb Categories ............................. 51
L Future Subjunctive ..................... 51
2. Personal Infinitive ...................... 52
Nominals 57
Object pronouns . 57
1. Placement . 57
2. Other Problems . 60
Direct Object Nouns . 63
Definite Article . 63
Gender 64
L ln Cognates . 64
2. ln the Number 'Two ' . 64
part IV
vi
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
AUTHOR'S FOREWORD
Introduction
If you are like most Americans who already speak Spanish and
who are now about to learn portuguese, you want to know whether
your Spanish will help you or hinder you. You want to know
whether it will be an advantage or a disadvantage, an asset or
a liability. Since Spanish and Portuguese are so close, your
first inclination is to assume that the transition from one to
the other will be quite easy. But you cannot wholly accept this
idea, because friends who have already made the transition have
told you that your Spanish will interfere with your Portuguese.
They have warned you to expect considerable difficulty in keeping
your Spanish out of your Portuguese. You contrast these remarks
with the more favorable comments of other friends who have also
gone from Spanish to portuguese. They tell you how easy it was.
It is quite understandable, then, that you are not sure what to
believe.
viii
FROM SPANlSH TO PORTUGUESE
The manual is divided into four parts: 'The Sounds ' , 'The
Grammar', 'Vocabulary Transferi, and 'Supplementary Pronunciation
Exercises'. We recommend that you read about the sounds and do
the pronunciation exercises at the very beginning of your Portuguese
course, for it is then that you will experience most of your inter-
ference from Spanish pronunciation. You may want to read the other
two parts in their entirety at any time, but we especially recommend
that you select for careful study the various subsections of these
two parts at such time as they fit in with the course of study you
are following. The Portuguese portions of all four parts are
available on tape.
ix
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
x
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
xi
FROM SPANlSH TO PORTUGUESE
PART I
THE SOUNDS
The Vowels
1. Spanish ~ / Portuguese ~
1
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Now, in Portuguese, you will find that this sound does occur,
and with great frequency, in final, weak-stressed syllables. For
example, you will hear it in the last syllable of portuguese ~,
cas~ cas~
senoras senhor~s
par~ par~
d~s dias
ahora agor~
nad~ nada
cabez~ cabeq~
tom~ tom~
FROM SPANlSH TO PORTUGUESE
fala fica
obrigad~ feira
vamos v~mos
cama c~m~
bano b~nho
g~no ganho
~n.2. ana
3
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish portuquese
das di~s
tom~ tome
manda mande
trabaj~ trabalhe
aprenda ap rend2
coma come
4
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish portuguese
famoso famosu
bonitos bonitus
caros carus
FROM SPANlSH TO PORTUGUESE
tomQ tomu
llevo levu
tengQ tenhu
vivo vivu
Spanish Portuguese
aprend~ aprend~
abre abri
mueve movi
cabe cabi
habl~ fali
mande mandi
pas.. pass~
6
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
verde verdi
ese essi
noche noiti
tard~ tardi
bi11ete bilheti
and des-.
~sperar isperar
estar istar
~sposo isposo
escribir iscrever
descuido discuido
desdn disdm
destino distino
7
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
1. Oral Vowels
We will look at the new oral vowels first. There are two
of them. Since they are somewhat difficult to identify in stand-
ard spelling we have chosen to write them for the moment like
this: ~,Q. (The use of capitals is deliberate.)
8
FROM SPANlSH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish portuquese
papel papEl
pincel pincEl
hotel hotEl
pelo pelo
mesa mesa
pena pena
pelar pelar
tenaz tenaz
menos menos
mero mEro
sede sEde
bella bEla
fe f
ella Ela
es
cero zEro
flecha flEcha
9
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish portuguese
siete sEte
ciego cEgo
piedra pEdra
pieI pEle
mieI mEl
tierra tErra
pierde pErde
pie pt
fiesta fEsta
diez dEz
10
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
gota gta
boca bca
mozo mo
como corno
boba boba
popular popular
noticia notcia
11
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
nota nOta
moda mOda
norte nOrte
obvio 6bvio
bota bOta
As you can see, there does not appear to be any pattern you
can follow.
Spanish portuguese
fuerte fOrte
luego lOgo
cuerda cOrda
puerta porta
nueve nOve
rue da rOda
muerte mOrte
escuela escOla
puede pOde
suelo sOlo
12
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
2. Nasal Vowels
e i ti and
13
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
14
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
15
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
The Diphthongs
On the other hand, the diphthongs ei and eu, which are sorne-
what limited in their occurrence in Spanish, are very common in
Portuguese.
Spanish Portuguese
qu~mar queimar
d~jar deixar
madera madeira
manera maneira
prim~ro primeiro
verdadero verdadeiro
caballero cavalheiro
dinero dinheiro
solt~ro solteiro
16
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
1. oral Diphthongs
Among the new diphthongs are three involving the open vowel
sounds E and Q.
17
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
2. Nasal Diphthongs
pas~ passam
pasaban passav.9.!!l
pasarn passaro
pasar~ passari.9.!!l
pasaron passar.9.!!l
van vo
dan do
digan dig.9.!!l
reciban recebam
estn esto
s~ so
b. Nouns:
lim6n limo
me16n mel~
mont6n monto
18
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
saln salo
corazn corao
condicin condio
destinacin destinao
seccin seo
leccin lio
c. others:
tan to
san so
Spanish portuguese
limones limes
melones meles
montones montes
sal~ sales
coraz~ coraes
condiciones condies
destinaciones destinaes
secciones sees
lecciones lies
viven vivem
venden vendem
manden mandem
vivies!l vivessem
19
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
gs [gais]
mas 'but' [mais]
arroz [arrois]
ns [nois]
feroz [ferois]
eficaz [eficais]
vez [veis]
luz [luis]
pus [puisJ
avestruz [avestruis ]
voz [vois]
mas [mais]
irms [irmis]
manhs [manhis]
20
FROM SPANlSH TO PORTUGUESE
The Consonants
21
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
sounds.
Spanish Portuquese
najifa nada
bojifa boda
ijifa ida
sejifa sda
mujifar mudar
formajifo (And many other such formado
participial forms)
comijifo comido
10)60 lbo
Cu)6a Cuba
sa)6er saber
s)6ajifo sbado
ca)6er caber
entregar entregar
pegar pegar
digo digo
pago pago
1 Extenslve
. .
practlce on b an dd can b e f oun d in exercises
9 and 10, Part IV.
22
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish portuguese
a. ropa Roupa
revista Revista
rpido Rpido
ro Rio
repita Repita
razn Razo
b. carro caRo
arroz aRoz
corre coRe
guerra gueRa
torre toRe
23
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
c. senor senhoR
placer prazeR
dar daR
comer comeR
ir iR
The ~ also appears in one place where you would not expect it:
before consonants. Remember that in Spanish only the single flap
~, not the multiple trill rr, is normally heard before consonants.
Once again this new patterning will bear particular watching in
cognate words.
Spanish Portuguese
cuarto quaRto
carne caRne
tercero teRceiro
porque poRque
barba baRba
Carlos CaRlos
2. Spanish 1. / Portuguese 1 or L
24
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
milha flha
toalha coelho
bilhete olhar
falhar velho
4. Spanish li / portuguese nh
lenho venho
unha senhor
tenho senhora
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Examp1es: chega
acho
caixa
Examples: iantar
a.9.ncia
~oo
barre r varrer
bamos vamos
bisitar visitar
bi~ir viver
bista vista
li~ro livro
ha~er haver
pala~ra palavra
de~er dever
26
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
toma]6a tomava
fum]6amos fumvamos
almorza]6an almoavam
etc. etc.
(Between vowels)
casa casa
mesa mesa
azul azul
preciso preci~o
riqueza rique~a
(Beginning of word)
cero zero
zona zona
The z sound also appears between vowels when the secnnd vowel
begins the next '\rlord, as in Isomos americanos/o For additiol1al
practice with the ~ sound, see Part IV, exercise 11.
27
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Examples: onde
de nada
dia
disco
Examples: noite
leite
tia
tinha
Consonant Clusters
28
FROM SPAN!SH TO PORTUGUESE
PART II
THE GRAMMAR
Introduction
You will find that you can carry much of your Spanish grammar
into Portuguese. For example, nearly alI of the major Portuguese
verb tenses are close copies of something you already know in
Spanish. The present tense, the two past tenses (past I and II,
or 'preterite' and 'imperfect', if you prefer), the present and
past subjunctives, the conditional, the future, the commands, and
most of the compound tenses alI Iook and sound very much like they
do in Spanish. And, more importantly, they usually behave that
way too. Thus, for example, if you have already won the battle
of the distribution of the two past tenses in Spanish, you will
not need to re-fight it in Portuguese. The rules that guided you
in the former are equally applicable in the latter. Likewise, if
you have learned to use the Spanish present tense as a substitute
for the future tense at those times when the future is rather
imminent (e.g. lo ~ manana), you should have no problem doing
the sarne thing in Portuguese. Verbs make up a large part of the
grammar of both languages, and the high incidence of direct
transfer from one to another will undoubtedly prove to be a most
use fuI tool.
29
FROM SPANISH ~O PORTUGUESE
From what has just been said it would be easy for you to assume
that alI of Portuguese is put together like Spanish. But at the
sarne time you are sophisticated enough to suspect that this is not
likely to be the case, and you are right. That is precisely what
this section on grammar is alI about. There are a number of areas
where Portuguese does not structure itself like Spanish. Sometimes
the differences are major, sometimes they are minor, but always
they 100m as potential trouble spots for those who know Spanish.
On the following pages we will concentrate on the most significant
of these.
30
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Word Order
Spanish Portuguese
31
FROM SPANlSH TO PORTUGUESE
word
- - Order -in 'Yes~o' Questions
~- .
Spanish portuquese
Spanish Portuquese
32
FROM SPANlSH TO PORTUGUESE
~
4. Alquilaron ellos la casa? Eles alugaram a casa?
Si, la alquilaron. Alugaram sim.
33
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Negation
An 'extra' negative
Spanish Portuguese
34
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Contractions
o os a as
em no nos na nas
a ao* aos s
35
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
36
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
From Chart A:
Portuguese Spanish
37
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
From Chart B:
portuguese Spanish
From Chart C:
Portuguese Spanish
From Chart D:
Portuguese Spanish
(.!!l + le)
= nle en l
(de + ela) = dela de ella
(de + les) = dles de ellos
From Chart E:
portuguese Spanish
38
FROM SPAN!SH TO PORTUGUESE
Verbs
Verb Types
Portuguese and Spanish both have -~, -er and -ir type verbs.
ln addition, portuguese has a fourth type, -or, which is represented
only by the irregular verb pr (cf. Spanish poner) and its related
compounds. Most Portuguese cognates are of the sarne type as their
Spanish counterparts. However, watch out for the following common
verbs which are -ir type in Spanish but -~ type in Portuguese.
Spanish portuguese
vivir viver
escribir escrever
batir bater
recibir receber
sufrir sofrer
ocurrir ocorrer
gemir gemer
hervir ferver
morir morrer
,
~In both languages abrir is regular in alI forms except the
Past Participle: Spanish abie~to / Portuguese abertp~
39
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish Portuguese
yo mando eu mando
como como
abro abro
- - - -
l manda le manda
come come
abre abre
Present
Tense - - - - - - - -
nosotros mandamos ns mandamos
comemos comemos
abrimos abrimos
- - - - - - - -
ellos mandan les mandam
comen comem
abren abrem
yo mandaba eu mandava
coma comia
abra abria
- - - -
l mandaba le mandava
coma comia
abra abria
Imperfect
Tense - - - - - - - -
nosotros mandbamos ns mandvamos
~
comamos com1amos
abramos abramos
--- - - - - - -
ellos mandaban les mandavam
coman comiam
abran abriam
40
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
yo mand eu mandei
com comi
abr abri
l mand le mandou
comi comeu
abri abriu
Preterite
Tense - - - - - - - -
nosotros mandamos ns mandamos
comimos *comemos
abrimos abrimos
- - - - - - - -
ellos mandaron les mandaram
comieron comeram
abrieron abriram
yo mandar mandarei
comer comerei
abrir abrirei
l mandar le mandar
comer comer
yo mandara eu mandaria
comera comeria
abrira abriria
-- - - - - - -
l mandara le mandaria
comera comeria
abrira abriria
Conditional
Tense - - - - - - - -
nosotros mandaramos ns mandaramos
comeramos comeramos
abriramos abriramos
- - - - - - - -
ellos mandaran les mandariam
comeran comeriam
abriran abririam
yo mande eu mande
coma coma
abra abra
- - - - - - - -
l mande le mande
coma coma
abra abra
Present
Subjunctive
- - - - - - - -
and nosotros mandemos ns mandemos
Command Form comamos comamos
abramos abramos
- ... - - - - - -
ellos manden les mandem
coman comam
abran abram
42
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
yo mandara/-se eu mandasse
comiera/-se comesse
abriera/-se abrisse
l mandara/-se le mandasse
comiera/-se comesse
abriera/-se abrisse
Past
Subjunctive
nosotros mandramos/-semos ns mandssemos
(compare the comiramos/-semos comssemos
portuguese
abriramos/-semos abrssemos
forms par-
ticularly
with the
ellos mandaran/-sen les mandassem
Spanish-~
forms. ) comieran/-sen comessem
abrieran/-sen abrissem
mandando mandando
Gerund comiendo *comendo
abriendo *abrindo
mandado mandado
Past
comido comido
Participle
**dirigido **dirigido
43
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
portuquese Spanish
querer qu~rer
pQder pQder
PQ.sso, PQ.de(m) puedo, puede(n)
44
FROM SPANlSH TO PORTUGUESE
provar prQbar
prQvo, prQva(m) pruebo, prueba(n)
almQar almorzar
almQo, almQa(m) almuerzo, almuerza(n)
mQstrar mostrar
mQstro, mQstra(m) m~stro, m~stra(n)
n~gar n~gar
co~ar com~nzar
nevar nevar
n~va nieva
chQver llover
chOve llueve
pref~rir pref~rir
pref],re(m) prefiere(n)
divertir divertir
div~rte(m) divierte(n)
dQrmir dormir
dQrme(m) duerme(n)
ctar contar
CQto, cQta(m) cuento, c~nta(n)
encQtrar encontrar
encQtro, encQtra(m) encuentro, enc~ntra(n)
setir sentir
slto, s~te(m) siento, siente(n)
setar sentar
s~to, s~ta(m) siento, sienta(n)
p~sar pensar
p~so, p~sa(m) pienso, piensa(n)
metir mentir
mIto, m~te(m) miento, miente(n)
Verb Constructions
Spanish portuguese
46
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish combines the verb haber with the -do form (the past
participle) of the main verb to form a series of tenses which
are traditionally called the 'perfect' tenses. We are refer-
ring to such items as:
he comido
habr salido
haban escrito
habamos trabajado
si hubiera hecho
47
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish portuguese
he escrito escrevi
hemos trabajado trabalhamos
Spanish portu~uese
Spanish portuguese
48
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish Portuguese
49
FROM SPANISh TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish Portuguese
or
50
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
or
1. Future subjunctive.
Spanish portuguese
(present subjunctive) (future subjunctive)
51
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish Portuguese
2. Personal infinitive
Singular Plural
a. an impersonal expression
b. the verbs 'to tell' and 'to ask'
c. certain Spanish conjunctions (clause relators) which
may convert to prepositions in portuguese.
Spanish Portuguese
(subjunctive) (personal infinitive)
53
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish Portuguese
(subjunctive) (personal infinitive)
When the verb in the main clause is 'to te11' or 'to request'
Spanish puts the verb in the other (subordinate) c1ause in the
subjunctive. Portuguese is very likely to use the personal in-
finitive, although, once again, the subjunctive is common. (EU
pedi que les ficassem.), etc. As before, we suggest you learn
both patterns.
Spanish Portuguese
(subjunctive) (personal infinitive)
Spanish Portuguese
(infinitive) (personal infinitive)
56
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
NominaIs
Object Pronouns
1. Placement
Spanish Portuguese
Spanish portuguese
4. Me levant temprano. Levantei-me cedo.
l::;
---. Me conoce bien. Conhece-me bem.
6. Le dia un dlar. Deu-lhe um dlar.
57
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish Portuguese
7. No se levanta. No se levanta.
8. No me conoce. No me conhece.
9. l.Quin le dio un dlar? Quem lhe deu um dlar?
Spanish Portuguese
Spanish Portuguese
59
FROM SPANlSH TO PORTUGUESE
2. Other Problems.
Spanish portuguese
as change their forms to lo, los, la, las when they follow an
infinitive. As such they look and sound suspiciously like the
comparable Spanish forms. Be sure to notice that in this con-
struction the infinitive loses its~. lt is almost as if the
~ changed to ~.
Spanish Portuguese
60
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish Portuguese
61
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish portuguese
1. ~ m me parece. Parece-me.
Spanish portuguese
62
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish portuquese
Spanish Portuquese
L Se me olvid la llave. (Nothing comparable)
2. Se nos qued en casa. (Nothing comparable)
3. Se Ie cayeron unas tazas. (Nothing comparable)
Spanish portuquese
1. Veo ~ Mara. Vejo Maria.
2. Conozco aI presidente. Conheo o presidente.
Definite Article
Spanish portuquese
63
FROM SPANlSH TO PORTUGUESE
Gender
1. Gender in cognates
el viaje a viagem
el paisaje a paisagem
el masaje a massagem
el mensaje a mensagem
el sabotaje a sabotagem
el color a cr
el do1or a dor
el rbol a rvore
el puente a ponte
el partido 'game' a partida
el equipo a equipe
la nariz o nariz
la leche o leite
la sonrisa o sorriso
la sal o sal
64
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
PART III
HINTS N VOCABULARY TRANSFER
1. Sounds
jefe chefe
bajo baixo
quejarse queixar-se
embajada embaixada
caja caixa
dejar deixar
bruja bruxa
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
junio junho
julio julho
junto junto
juez juiz
generoso generoso
gente gente
joven jovem
ligera ligeira
jugar jogar
adjectivo adjetivo
sargento sargento
extranjero estrangeiro
jardn jardim
reloj relgio
viaje viagem
pgina pgina
mujer mulher
orejas orelhas
mejor melhor
trabajar trabalhar
mojar molhar
escoger escolher
abeja abelha
viejo velho
ojo lho
aguja agulha
a. Spanish 11 Portuguese 1
bello belo
cabello cabelo
llevar levar
gallina galinha
amarillo amarelo
ella ela
all ali
villa vila
caballo cavalo
cal lar calar
fallecer falecer
b. Spanish 11 Portuguese ~
llorar chorar
llamar chamar
llegar chegar
llave chave
llover chover
llano cho
lleno cheio
c. Spanish li portuguese lh
fallar falhar
milla milha
milln milho
toalla toalha
billete bilhete
67
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
a) Spanish n Portuquese nh
dinero dinheiro
camino caminho
ganar ganhar
sobrina sobrinha
tocino toucinho
vino vinho
amanecer amanhecer
cocina cozinha
espina espinha
b) Spanish n Portuquese n
ano ano
pequeno pequeno
cana cana
ensenar ensinar
danar danar
pestana pestana
Spanish Portuquese
higo figo
hgado fgado
hacer fazer
hormiga formiga
hacienda fazenda
herir ferir
68
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
humo fumo
hervir ferver
hierro ferro
hazana faanha
*hijo filho
*hoja flha
huracn furaco
almohada almofada
Spanish portuguese
aprovechar aproveitar
techo teto
noche noite
leche leite
luchar lutar
estrecho estreito
hecho feito
ocho oito
mucho muito
casa casa
cosa coi~a
blusa blu~a
msica msica
acusar acu~ar
69
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
veces vzes
hacer fazer
cocina cozinha
azul azul
zorro ~orro
Spanish Portuguese
acto ato
doctor doutor
dictador ditador
actual atual
contacto contato
carcter carter
vctima vtima
perfecto perfeito
practicar praticar
arquitectura arquitetura
Spanish portuguese
accin ao
seccin seo
leccin lio
accidente acidente
occidental ocidental
70
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish portuguese
alumno aluno
columna coluna
himno hino
solemne solene
amnista anistia
indemnizar indenizar
calumnia calnia
Spanish portuguese
placer prazer
playa praia
plato prato
plata prata
plaza praa
p1aga praga
p1azo prazo
cumplir cumprir
emplear empregar
sab1e sabre
b1anco branco
doblar dobrar
noble nobre
ob1igar obrigar
71
FROM SPANLSH TO PORTUGUESE
flaco fraco
flota frota
iglesia igreja
esclavo escravo
Spanish Portuguese
mano mo
hermano irmo
verano vero
anciano ancio
sano so
aldeano aldeo
Spanish Portuguese
hermana irm
manzana ma
manana amanh
alemana alem
anciana anci
aldeana alde
sana s
1
For other correspondences involving o, see pages 18-19.
72
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
2. Word Endings
Spanish portuguese
horrible horrvel
terrible terrvel
favorable favorvel
notable notvel
posible possvel
indispensable indispensvel
amable amvel
agradable agradvel
Spanish portuguese
verdad verdad.:.
dignidad dignidad.:.
facilidad facilidad.:.
dificultad dificul-ad.:.
lealtad leal-ad.:.
liber.:!:.ad liberdade
magnitud magnitud.:.
actitud atitude
73
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish portuguese
firmeza firmeza
riqueza rique~a
gentileza gentile~a
fortaleza fortale~a
poderoso poderoso
famoso famoso
amoroso amoroso
espantoso espantoso
Spanish portuguese
carrito carrinho
Pablito Paulinho
mesita mesinha
casita casinha
cafecito cafezinho
pobrecita pobrezinha
Spanish portuguese
portero porteiro
cartero carteiro
minero mineiro
74
FROM SPANlSH TO PORTUGUESE
zapatero sapateiro
vaquero vaqueiro
cocinero cozinheiro
Spanish Portuguese
presencia presena
diferencia diferena
licencia licena
sentencia sentena
but
eficiencia eficincia
paciencia pacincia
inteligencia inteligncia
providencia providncia
esencia essncia
competencia competncia
75
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Absence of I in portuguese
Spanish Portuquese
salir sair
volar voar
doler doer
saludar saudar
diablo diabo
Absence of n in Portuguese
Spanish Portuquese
comenzar comear
moneda moeda
defensa defesa
venado veado
amenaza ameaa
luna lua
crimen crime
Spanish portuquese
color cr
dolor dor
poner pr
tener ter
venir vir
general geral
slo s
ganado gado
76
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Absence of r in Portuguese
Spanish Portuquese
almorzar almo<;;ar
sangre sangue
rostro rosto
Absence of br in portuguese
Spanish portuguese
nombre nome
hombre homem
acostumbrarse acostumar-se
n becomes 1 in Portuguese
Spanish portuguese
naranja laranja
berenjena berinjela
Spanish Portuguese
preguntar perguntar
apretar apertar
Spanish portuguese
apio aipo
bar rio bairro
novio noivo
77
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Vowel changes
L Spanish ~ to portuguese i
Spanish Portuquese
eso isso
l~ngua lingua
v~nganza vingana
edad idade
prof~sional profissional
ensenar ensinar
corr~gir corrigir
vecino vizinho
2. Spanish ~ to Portuguese o
Spanish Portuquese
j~gar j.Qgar
ocurrir ocorrer
sufrir sofrer
rutina rotina
cubrir cobrir
Spanish Portuguese
costar custar
s.Q.rpresa s~rprsa
sordo surdo
78
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
Spanish portuguese
casi quase
ms mais
jams jamais
caja caixa
bajo baixo
dos dois
cosa coisa
noche noite
poco pouco
te soro tesouro
Spanish portuguese
cuaderno caderno
antigua antiga
treinta trinta
veinte vinte
Spanish portuguese
policia policia
telfono telef2.ne
limite lim,ite
nvel nivel
79
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
False Cognates
Spanish Portuquese
80
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
PART IV
pass-. com-.
par-. abr-.
pag~ beb-.
visit-. sig~
muda respond-.
canta
manda
fuma
sala bonita
sp-. car~
bc-. alt-.
missa segund~
vist-. passad~
gu~ barata
esquin-. fin~
gt~ fria
81
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
bebe tome
come pagu~
vende pass~
cabe mude
respond~ compr~
val~ mande
base fase
bilhete qu~
tarde esse
part~ ste
mente grav~
tanqu~ verd~
82
FROM SPANlSH TO PORTUGUESE
bebo bonito
tomQ lindo
como caro
abro barato
passQ alto
pagQ segundQ
comprQ quintQ
digQ fino
sigQ outro
vendQ cinco
permitQ quatrQ
vamos frio
tomamos sapatQ
passamQs minutQ
pagamQs banco
bebemQs medlnicQ
comemQs nmerQ
abrimQs livro
83
FROM SPANISF. TO PORTUGUESE
a. Unstressed
(Present) (Imperfect)
pass~ passavam
tomam tomavam
pagam pagavam
compr~ comprav~
mudam mudavam
mandam mandavam
visitam visitavam
fumam fumavam
(preterite) (Conditional)
passaram passariam
tomaram tomariam
pagar~ pagariam
comprar~ comprari~
abrir~ abririam
seguir~ seguiri~
perder~ perderiam
beber~ beberi~
b. Stressed
(Future)
passaro seguiro
tomaro abriro
pagaro perdero
compraro bebero
84
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
passam pass~
tomam tom~
pag-!!! pagu~
compr~ comprem
visitam visitem
mandam mandem
abrem abr~
vendem vendam
vivem viv~
bebem bebam
passar~
passar-!!!
tomar~
tomar~
pagar~
pagar~
comprar~
comprarem
mandar~
mandarem
visitaram visitar~
abrir-!!! abrirem
seguir~ seguir~
perderam perder~
beber~
beber~
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
limo limes
melo meles
monto montes
salo sales
cora~o cora~es
condi~o condi~es
destina~o destina~es
se~o se~es
li~o li~es
razo razes
a~o a~es
invaso invases
misso misses
ladro ladres
dire~o dire~es
86
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
parec~ abriu
valeu pediu
comeu seguiu
bebeu durmiu
vendeu vestiu
escreveu mentiu
viveu viu
deu preferiu
deveu resistiu
87
FROM SPA~ISH TO PORTUGUESE
nada adulto
cada idia
ida vlido
vida s61ida
dedo resfriado
lado modlo
modo pedido
todo parado
dado vestido
pedir estado
poder tomado
mudar entrada
candidato sada
universidade unida
88
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
casa azul
coisa fazer
mesa rezar
blu~a zona
camisa vazio
frase zero
esp..o ra~o
esp~a onze
usar doze
acusar treze
abusar catorze
pe..ar quin~e
c a..a r pobre~a
pi..ar triste~a
Bra~il fortale~a
atrasado firmeza
amoroso rique~a
fabuloso
famo~o
maravilhoso
portugue..a
francesa
ingl~a
(
pa~~es vzes
me..es luzes
ingl~es feli~es
francses cru~es
89
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
os americanos as americanas
os amigos as amigas
o~ esp~os as esp~as
os Estados Unidos
so.!. falso
sa.!. falta
ta.!. alta
mal alma
qua.!. solteiro
mi.!. ltimo
papel alguma
hotel delgado
Brasil O.!.ga
abril belsa
civil Silva
90
FROM SPANISH TO PORTUGUESE
nacional
espanho~
fci~
difici1.
til
gi~
rio dar
rico ir
.!:.epita ser
.!:.evista estar
radio ver
.!:.pido tomar
,E.0upa passa.!:.
rei paga.!:.
.!:.emete.!:. come.!:.
,r.ec1 ama,r. beber
barba guerra
la.!:.go corrida
carne corra
carta cago
tarde trre
qua.!:.to arroz
Carlos c i gago
go,r.do barro
verde frro
terceiro barril
fi.!:.me burro
91
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