1.

1. WBGU2011 1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4. 2.


4.
1.
2.
3. 3.
4.

5.
bundles 4.
(1)

proactive (2)


(3)

6 16
2.

1. 1.
Energy Cities
2.

3. 1. 2.

4.
2.




3. 3.



4.

7 16
3.

1. 1. IMF (2015) 1.

2.

3. GDP 5.4%

2. 2016 34
APEC
2.


2012





3.
3. APEC
2016

OECD
30
APEC



4.




OECD
effective carbon rate
30



carbon price floor


8 16

1.

1. 1. 2016
1.
2017
ESCO

(1)
2. 1%

(2)
2.

3.
2. IPCC (2014a) ECF
(2014)IEA (2017a)
3. 4.



CCS/CCU
3

3

virgin
material
9 16
2.

1. 1. IEA (2016) 1.

2.
66%
3. 70%
2.
800
2. CAT (2016) 1%

OECD 2020

5% 2020

28.9
45% 3.


2017

10 16


1.

1. 1. 1.

2.

3.

4.



5.


6.

2. 2.
7.
8.

106

10605


230

30%

11 16
2.

1. 1. 1.

2.


2.
3.
2.
4.






3.

12 16
3.

1. 1. IPCC(2014b) 1.


36


2. 2018
2. Greenpeace(2015) 2050
2. CAT(2017)
2050 4


3.


3.

3. IEA(2016; 2017b)
(1)
(2) CCS
(3)
4.

CCS CCS

4 2050 2005
2025 20-30-50

2030

13 16


1.

1. 1. ILO 1.
Just Transition

2.



decent
ILO,
2016
2. 21
2017
100%





REN21, 2017

14 16