Assignment on

Present status of nuclear power around the globe

Submitted to:
Md. Fazlul Huq
Assistant Professor
Department of Nuclear Engineering
University of Dhaka

Submitted by: Date of Submission: 31st March 31, 2017

Mohammad Rashed Sordar
Roll No. :SH-76-003, 4th Batch
Department of Nuclear Engineering
University of Dhaka
Present Nuclear Power Plants by country
Nuclear power plants operate in 31 countries. Most are in Europe, Northern America, East
Asia and South Asia. France has the largest share of electricity generated by nuclear power.
China has the fastest growing nuclear power program with 28 new reactors under
construction, and a considerable number of new reactors are also being built in India, Russia
and South Korea. At the same time, at least 100 older and smaller reactors will "most
probably be closed over the next 1015 years". However, our country , Bangladesh will have
her own nuclear power planta by 2025.

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency ( Power Reactor Information System up to

date)

PAGE 1
There are over 440 commercial nuclear power reactors operable in 31 countries, with over
390,000 MWe of total capacity. About 60 more reactors are under construction. Moreover,
Many countries have also built research reactors to provide a source of neutron beams for
scientific research and the production of medical and industrial isotopes. 55 countries operate
a total of about 245 research reactors, and a further 180 nuclear reactors power some 140
ships and submarines.

By contrast, 55 countries operate about 245 civil research reactors, over one-third of these in
developing countries. Now 31 countries host some 447 commercial nuclear power reactors
with a total installed capacity of over 390,000 MWe (see below table for up to date figures).
This is more than three times the total generating capacity of France or Germany from all
sources. About 60 further nuclear power reactors are under construction, equivalent to 16%
of existing capacity, while over 160 are firmly planned, equivalent to nearly half of present
capacity.

Here a big table is given below for further information on this topic.

Table 1: Nuclear Power Plants at Different Countries

COUNTR NUCLEAR REACTO REACTORS REACTO REACTO

Y ELECTRICI RS UNDER RS RS
TY OPERABL CONSTRUCTI PLANNED PROPOSE
GENERATI E ON D
March
ON 2015
1 Mar 2017 1 March 2017 2017 March
2017

billion % e No MWe No. MWe No MWe No MWe

kWh . net gross . gross . gross
Argentina 6.5 4.8 3 1627 1 27 2 1950 2 1300
Armenia 2.6 34.5 1 376 0 0 1 1060
Banglades 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2400 0 0
h
Belarus 0 0 0 0 2 2388 0 0 2 2400
Belgium 24.8 37.5 7 5943 0 0 0 0 0 0
Brazil 13.9 2.8 2 1901 1 1405 0 0 4 4000
Bulgaria 14.7 31.3 2 1926 0 0 1 950 0 0
Canada 95.6 16.6 19 13553 0 0 2 1500 3 3800
Chile 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4400

PAGE 2
China 161.2 3.0 36 32637 21 23086 40 45700 13 16000
9 0
Czech 25.3 32.5 6 3904 0 0 2 2400 1 1200
Republic
Egypt 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2400 2 2400
Finland 22.3 33.7 4 2764 1 1700 1 1200 1 1500
France 419.0 76.3 58 63130 1 1750 0 0 1 1750
Germany 86.8 14.1 8 10728 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hungary 15.0 52.7 4 1889 0 0 2 2400 0 0
India 34.6 3.5 22 6219 5 3300 20 18600 44 51000
Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30 4 4000
Iran 3.2 1.3 1 915 0 0 2 2000 7 6300
Israel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1200
Italy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Japan 4.3 0.5 42 39952 2 2756 9 12947 3 4145
Jordan 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2000
Kazakhst 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 600 2 600
an
Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 950
DPR
(North)
Korea 157.2 31.7 25 23081 3 4200 8 11600 0 0
RO
(South)
Lithuania 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2700
Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2000
Mexico 11.2 6.8 2 1600 0 0 0 0 2 2000
Netherlan 3.9 3,7 1 485 0 0 0 0 1 1000
ds
Pakistan 4.3 4.4 4 1040 3 2662 0 0 0 0
Poland 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6000 0 0
Romania 10.7 17.3 2 1310 0 0 2 1440 1 655

PAGE 3
 Russia 182.8 18.6 35 26865 7 5904 25 27755 23 22800
Saudi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 17000
Arabia
Slovakia 14.1 55.9 4 1816 2 942 0 0 1 1200
Slovenia 5.4 38.0 1 696 0 0 0 0 1 1000
South 11.0 4.7 2 1830 0 0 0 0 8 9600
Africa
Spain 54.8 20.3 7 7121 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sweden 54.5 34.3 9 8849 0 0 0 0 0 0
Switzerla 22.2 33.5 5 3333 0 0 0 0 3 4000
nd
Thailand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5000
Turkey 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4800 4 4500
Ukraine 82.4 56.5 15 13107 0 0 2 1900 11 12000
UAE 0 0 0 0 4 5600 0 0 10 14400
United 63.9 18.9 15 8883 0 0 4 6100 9 11800
Kingdom
USA 798.0 19.5 99 99535 4 5000 18 8312 24 26000
Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4800 6 6700

WORLD* 2,441 c 11.5 44 391,9 59 63,420 16 170,8 35 395,3

* 7 42 4 44 0 00

Source: Reactor data: World Nuclear Association to 1/3/17 (excluding nine shutdown
German units).International Atomic Energy Agency Power Reactor Information System for
nuclear electricity production & percentage of electricity (% e).World Nuclear Association,
The Nuclear Fuel Report (September 2015, updated August 2016, reference scenario) for U
(63,404 t U = 74,772 t U3O8.)

From this table 1, we can clearly see the number of working nuclear power plant at different
countries at present .We can also learn how much electricity is generated through those
power plants and their efficiency .

PAGE 4
Energy production
As electricity energy is the best energy which can be transported and used easily. Here, a
chart is given below showing electricity production of the world in 2012 from coal , gas .
water, nuclear. solar, wind and other ways.

Here is another chart given below which shows electricity consumption of the world by
energy source in 2015.

Source : Energy Information Administration

PAGE 5
In the USA , the energy consumption by energy source 2015 chart is also given below.

We can easily notice that energy generation is done mostly with burning coil in the world
(less burnt in USA). But emission of carbon-di-oxide is increasing day by day. This process
is accelerated by burning fossil fuels such as natural gas, petroleum etc. So, more carbon-di-
oxide is produced day by day. As a result, the green-house effect will affect more and there
will be highly temperature rising resulting many disadvantages and natural disasters. Nuclear
power plants provide over 15% (considering present time) of the world's electricity as
continuous, reliable base-load power, without carbon dioxide emissions. So, we can say that
energy gained from nuclear power plants has a very significant role in contributing energy.

Source: US Energy Information Administration.

PAGE 6
Another chart is given below showing production of energy from nuclear power plants of the
world during 1970-2015.

From the above charts, we notice that USA and France on the chart North America and
European economic area) have massive amount of energy production from nuclear power
plants comparing to others.

Sixteen countries depend on nuclear power for at least a quarter of their electricity. France
gets around three-quarters of its power from nuclear energy, while Belgium, Czech Republic,
Finland, Hungary, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Slovenia and Ukraine get one-third or
more. South Korea and Bulgaria normally get more than 30% of their power from nuclear
energy, while in the USA, UK, Spain, Romania and Russia almost one-fifth is from nuclear.
Japan is used to relying on nuclear power for more than one-quarter of its electricity and is
expected to return to that level. Among countries which do not host nuclear power plants,
Italy and Denmark get almost 10% of their power from nuclear. In electricity demand, the
need for low-cost continuous, reliable supply can be distinguished from peak demand
occurring over few hours daily and able to command higher prices. Supply needs to match
demand instantly and reliably over time. There are number of characteristics of nuclear power
which make it particularly valuable apart from its actual generation cost per unit MWh or
kWh. Fuel is a low proportion of power cost, giving power price stability, and is stored onsite
(not depending on continuous delivery). The power from nuclear plants is dispatch-able on
demand, it can be fairly quickly ramped-up, it contributes to clean air and low-CO2
objectives, it gives good voltage support for grid stability. Reactors can be made to load-
follow. These attributes are mostly not monetized in merchant markets, but have great value
which is increasingly recognized where dependence on relatively unpredictable intermittent
sources has grown. As our country is building its own nuclear power plants with 2400 MW,

PAGE 7
those power plants will have positive effort on industrial and economic system of our
country.

Recent trend of nuclear power around the world

Source : IAEA.

As the technology is improving and there is need for continuous carbon free energy many
more countries are building nuclear reactors over time to time,

Table 2: Reactors number and capacity over time

Year Number of Total Net Year-end Year-end Total Net
Operated Electrical Operational Electrical Capacity
Reactors Capacity Reactors [GW]
[GW]
1996 440 348.58 438 347.28
1997 441 351.26 434 347.88
1998 438 351.17 430 344.9
1999 434 348.00 432 347.35

PAGE 8
 2000 438 351.38 435 349.98
2001 438 352.72 438 352.72
2002 444 358.55 439 357.48
2003 443 360.81 437 359.83
2004 443 366.05 438 364.67
2005 443 369.06 441 368.12
2006 443 371.82 435 369.58
2007 439 371.71 439 371.71
2008 439 371.96 438 371.56
2009 440 373.20 437 370.70
2010 442 375.41 441 375.28
2011 448 380.28 435 368.92
2012 440 374.60 437 373.26
2013 441 377.64 434 371.79
2014 439 376.95 438 376.34
2015 448 386.72 441 382.86

Operated reactors are those reactors that were in operation at least for a short time
in the year this includes also reactors that were shutdown (permanently or into long-
term shutdown) during the year.

Year-end operational reactors are those reactors that had a status in operation at the
end of the year.

Above data are from the PRIS (IAEA) database. Last update on 2017-03-30

From table 1, above graph and table 2 , we can clearly see that there have been many
reactors which were in operation and produced energy.

Bangladesh adopted a national Nuclear Power Action Plan. On 24 June 2007, Bangladesh's
government announced plans to build a nuclear power plant to meet electricity shortages. In
May 2010, Bangladesh entered into a civilian nuclear agreement with the Russian Federation.
It also has framework agreements for peaceful nuclear energy applications with the US,
France and China. In February 2011, Bangladesh reached an agreement with Russia to build
the 2,000 megawatt (MW) Ruppur Nuclear Power Plant with two reactors, each of which will
generate 1,200 MW of power.It plans to have two large Russian nuclear power reactors in
operation, the first from 2023. Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant is a planned 2.4 GWe nuclear

PAGE 9
power plant of the country. It will be the country's first nuclear power plant. It is to be built
by the Russian Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation. in 2001.

The nuclear power industry in Western nations has a history of construction delays, cost
overruns, plant cancellations, and nuclear safety issues despite significant government
subsidies and support. In December 2013, Forbes magazine reported that, in developed
countries, "reactors are not a viable source of new power". Even in developed nations where
they make economic sense, they are not feasible because nuclear s enormous costs, political
and popular opposition, and regulatory uncertainty. This view echoes the statement of
former Exelon CEO John Rowe, who said in 2012 that new nuclear plants dont make any
sense right now and wont be economically viable in the foreseeable future. John Quiggin,
economics professor, also says the main problem with the nuclear option is that it is not
economically-viable. Quiggin says that we need more efficient energy use and more
renewable energy commercialization. Former NRC member Peter Bradford and Professor Ian
Lowe have recently made similar statements. However, some "nuclear cheerleaders" and
lobbyists in the West continue to champion reactors, often with proposed new but largely
untested designs, as a source of new power.

Significant new build activity is occurring in developing countries like South Korea, India
and China. China has 25 reactors under construction, However, according to a government
research unit, China must not build "too many nuclear power reactors too quickly", in order
to avoid a shortfall of fuel, equipment and qualified plant workers.

The 1.6 GWe EPR reactor is being built in Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant, Finland. A joint
effort of French AREVA and German Siemens AG, it will be the largest pressurized water
reactor (PWR) in the world. The Olkiluoto project has been claimed to have benefited from
various forms of government support and subsidies, including liability limitations,
preferential financing rates, and export credit agency subsidies, but the European
Commission's investigation didn't find anything illegal in the proceedings. However, as of
August 2009, the project is "more than three years behind schedule and at least 55% over
budget, reaching a total cost estimate of 5 billion ($7 billion) or close to 3,100 ($4,400) per
kilowatt". Finnish electricity consumers interest group ElFi OY evaluated in 2007 the effect
of Olkiluoto-3 to be slightly over 6%, or 3/MWh, to the average market price of electricity
within Nord Pool Spot. The delay is therefore costing the Nordic countries over 1.3 billion
euros per year as the reactor would replace more expensive methods of production and lower
the price of electricity.

Russia has begun building the world's first floating nuclear power plant. The 100 million
vessel, the Akademik Lomonosov, is the first of seven plants (70 MWe per ship) that
Moscow says it will bring vital energy resources to remote Russian regions.

PAGE 10
Following the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011, costs are likely to go up for currently
operating and new nuclear power plants, due to increased requirements for on-site spent fuel
management and elevated design basis threats. After Fukushima, the International Energy
Agency halved its estimate of additional nuclear generating capacity built by 2035.

Many license applications filed with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for proposed
new reactors have been suspended or cancelled. As of October 2011, plans for about 30 new
reactors in the United States have been reduced to 14. There are currently five new nuclear
plants under construction in the United States (Watts Bar 2, Summer 2, Summer 3, Vogtle 3,
Vogtle 4). Matthew Wald from the New York Times has reported that "the nuclear
renaissance is looking small and slow".

In 2013, four aging, uncompetitive reactors were permanently closed in the US: San Onofre 2
and 3 in California, Crystal River 3 in Florida, and Kewaunee in Wisconsin. The state of
Vermont is trying to close Vermont Yankee, in Vernon. New York State is seeking to close
Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant, in Buchanan, 30 miles from New York City. The
additional cancellation of five large reactor uprates (Prairie Island, 1 reactor, LaSalle, 2
reactors, and Limerick, 2 rectors), four by the largest nuclear company in the U.S., suggest
that the nuclear industry faces "a broad range of operational and economic problems".

As of July 2013, economist Mark Cooper has identified some US nuclear power plants that
face particularly significant challenges to their continued operation due to regulatory
challenges by local politicians. These are Palisades, Fort Calhoun, Nine Mile Point,
Fitzpatrick, Ginna, Oyster Creek, Vermont Yankee, Millstone, Clinton, Indian Point. Cooper
said the lesson here for policy makers and economists is clear: "nuclear reactors are simply
not competitive".

The development of nuclear power is today concentrated in a relatively small group of

countries. China, Korea, India and Russia account for 40 of the 65 reactors that the IAEA
records as under construction in December 2015. The countries that have historically
accounted for the majority of nuclear power development are now under-represented in new
construction.

PAGE 11
Nuclear power in Asian countries

Table 4 : Nuclear reactors in Asia

Country Power Power Research Other Stages of

Power Reactors Reactors Reactors the Fuel Cycle
Reactors Under Planned
operable or Constructi
in on
Operation

Australia 1 UM

Bangladesh 2 1

China 30 24 40 16 UM, C, E, FF

India 21 6 22 4 UM, FF, R, WM

Indonesia 1 3 FF

Japan 43 3 9 14 C, E, FF, R,
WM
S. Korea 25 3 8 2 C, FF

N.Korea 0 1 C?,FF?,R

Malaysia 0 1

Pakistan 3 2 2 1 UM, E, FF

Philippines 0 1

Thailand 0 1+1

Vietnam 4 1

** Total 128 40 89 49*

Source: WNA Reactor table, WNA country papers OECD/IEA World Energy Outlook

PAGE 12
From the table 4, we can say

Asia is the main region in the world where electricity generating capacity and
specifically nuclear power is growing significantly.

In East through to South Asia there are 128 operable nuclear power reactors, 40
under construction and firm plans to build a further 90. Many more are
proposed.

The greatest growth in nuclear generation is expected in China, Japan, South

Korea and India.

In contrast with North America and most of Western Europe where growth in electricity
generating capacity and particularly nuclear power levelled out for many years, a number of
countries in East and South Asia are planning and building new nuclear power reactors to
meet their increasing demands for electricity.

Through to 2010 projected new generating capacity in this region involved the addition of
some 38 GWe per year, and from 2014 to 2025 it is expected to be 1400 GWe, over 120
GWe per year, very little of this being to replace retired plants. This is about 46% of the
world's new capacity in that period under construction and planned (current world capacity
is about 6200 GWe, of which 380 GWe is nuclear). Much of this growth will be in China,
Japan, India and Korea. The nuclear share of this to 2020 is expected to be considerable in
three of those countries, especially if environmental constraints limit fossil fuel expansion.

Looking more narrowly at Southeast Asia (excluding the above four countries), a 2013 World
Energy Outlook Special Report from the OECD/IEA said:

Nuclear power has a limited role in Southeast Asia over the Outlook period. This reflects the
complexities of developing a nuclear power programme and the slow progress to date of most
countries that have included nuclear in their long-term plans. Vietnam is the most active and
is currently undertaking site preparation, work force training and the creation of a legal
framework. Moreover, Vietnam has signed a co-operative agreement (that includes financing)
with Russia to build its first nuclear power plant, with construction expected to begin in late
2014 and nuclear to enter the power mix before 2025. Thailand includes nuclear power in its
Power Development Plan from 2026. While these plans could face public opposition, the
country has very limited indigenous energy resources, which is expected to be a key driver
behind its development. We project Thailand to start producing electricity from nuclear
power plants before 2030.

There are currently 123 nuclear power reactors operable in five of those countries of the
region plus Taiwan total of more than 109 GWe, 41 units under construction (with several
more due to start construction in 2010), firm plans in place to build 92 more, and serious
proposals for many more.

PAGE 13
In addition, there are about 56 research reactors in fourteen countries of the region. The only
major Pacific Rim countries without any kind of research reactor are Singapore and New
Zealand.

Japan

43 units (40 GWe) operable (though many of these shut down temporarily), 3 under
construction, 9 planned (total 13 GWe), also 14 research reactors.

Japan was generating up to 30% of its electricity from nuclear power up to 2011. By 2017,
nuclear contribution was expected to increase to 41%, and longer-term plans were to double
nuclear capacity (to 90 GWe) and nuclear share by 2050. However, following the Fukushima
accident in March 2011, these plans are scaled back, to nuclear providing 20-22% of
electricity.

The new reactors most recently started up include third generation advanced reactors, with
improved safety systems. The first of these was connected to the grid in 1996.

Japan is committed to reprocessing its used fuel to recover uranium and plutonium for re-use
in electricity production, both as mixed-oxide fuel in conventional reactors, and also in fast
neutron reactors.

Japan has a high temperature test reactor which has reached 950C, high enough to enable
thermochemical production of hydrogen. It expects to use some 20 GW of nuclear heat for
hydrogen production by 2050, with the first commercial plant coming on line in 2025.

PAGE 14
China

30 units in operation (26.9 GWe), 24 under construction (26.9 GWe), 40 planned (46.4
GWe), many more proposed; also 16 research reactors.

China is moving ahead rapidly in building new nuclear power plants, many of them
conspicuously on time and on budget. Some under construction are leading new-generation
western designs.Chinese electricity demand has been growing at more than 8% per year. The
electricity demand is strongest in the Guangdong province adjacent to Hong Kong. National
plans call for some 58 GWe nuclear by 2021, requiring an average of 9700 MWe per year to
be added. The Chinese industry projects 150 GWe nuclear by 2030.China has built a small
advanced high-temperature gas-cooled demonstration reactor (HTR) with pebble bed fuel,
which started up in 2000. A commercial prototype HTR based on it is under construction, the
most advanced HTR project in the world. China also leads research on molten salt reactors.

Table 4: Nuclear reactors under construction and planned

Plant Province MWe Reactor Project Construct Operati

gross model control ion start on, grid
connect
Fuqing Fujian 1080 CPR- CNNC 11/12 3/2017
unit 4 1000 &
(M310+) Huadia
n
Sanmen Zhejiang 2x125 AP1000 CNNC 3/09,12/0 2017,
units 1&2 0 9 2018
Haiyang Shandon 2x125 AP1000 SPI 9/09, 6/10 2017,
units 1&2 g 0 2018

PAGE 15
Taishan Guangdo 2x175 EPR CGN 12/09,4/1 end
units 1&2 ng 0 0 2017,
2018
Shandong Shandon 210 HTR-PM Huane 12/12 2018
Shidaowan g ng
Tianwan Jiangsu 2x106 VVER- CNNC 12/12,9/1 early &
units 3&4 0 1000 V- 3 late
428M 2018
Yangjiang Guangdo 2x108 ACPR10 CGN 9/13,12/1 2018,
units 5&6 ng 7 00 3 2019
Hongyanhe Liaoning 2x108 ACPR10 CGN, 3/15, 7/15 11/2019
units 5&6 0? 00 with , 8/2020
SPI
Fuqing Fujian 2x116 Hualong CNNC 5/15, 2019,
units 5&6 1 1 & 12/15 2020
Huadia
n
Fangchenggang Guangxi 2x115 Hualong CGN 12/15,12/ 2019-20
units 3&4 0 1 16
Tianwan Jiangsu 2x108 ACPR10 CNNC 12/15, 12/2020
units 5&6 0 00 9/16 ,
10/2021
Bohai shipyard 1x60 ACPR50 CGN 11/16 2020
S
Shidaowan/Rongc Shandon 2x140 CAP140 SNPT 2017 12/2020
heng g 0 0 C& , 2021
units 1&2 Huane
ng
Xudabao/Xudapu Liaoning 2x125 AP1000 CNNC, 2017 2020-21
units 1&2 0 Datan
g
Haiyang Shandon 2x125 AP1000 SPI 2017 2020-21
units 3&4 g 0
Lufeng (Shanwei) Guangdo 2x125 AP1000 CGN 2017 2020-21
units 1&2 ng 0
Sanmen Zhejiang 2x125 AP1000 CNNC 2018 2020-21
units 3&4 0
Ningde Fujian 2x115 Hualong CGN & 2018 2020-21
units 5&6 0 1 Datan
g

PAGE 16
Zhangzhou Fujian 2x115 Hualong Guodi 2018
units 1&2 0 1 an &
CNNC
Huizhou/Taipingli Guangdo 2x125 AP1000 CGN 2018
ng ng 0
units 1&2
Haixing Hebei 2x125 AP1000 CNNC 2017? 12/2020
units 1&2 0
Fangchenggang Guangxi 2x115 Hualong CGN 2017?
units 5&6 0 1
Bailong Guangxi 2x125 AP1000 SPI 2017?
units 1&2 0
Changjiang SMR Hainan 2x100 ACP100 CNNC 2017?
units 1&2 &
Guodi
an
Putian 1 Fujian 1150? Hualong CNNC 2017?
1?
Taishan Guangdo 2x175 EPR? CGN 2017-18
units 3&4 ng 0
Changjiang Hainan 2x650 CNP- CNNC 2017-18
units 3&4 650 or &
ACP- Huane
600 ng
Zhangzhou Fujian 2x115 Hualong Guodi ?
units 3&4 0 1 an &
CNNC
Taohuajiang Hunan 4x125 AP1000 CNNC 2017-18*
units 1-4 (inland) 0
Pengze Jiangxi 2x125 AP1000 SPI 2017*
units 1&2 (inland) 0
Xianning (Dafan) Hubei 2x125 AP1000 CGN 2017*
units 1&2 (inland) 0
no site Fujian? 2x600 CFR600 CNNC Dec 2017
announced ?
Total: 63 21 Under 23,08
const 6
33 + 8 MWe
Planned 46,85

PAGE 17
 0
MWe
Source: World nuclear association

Republic of Korea (South Korea)

25 units in operation (23 GWe), 3 under construction (4.2 GWe), 8 planned (11.6 GWe), also
2 research reactors.

South Korea meets 30% of its electricity needs from nuclear power, and this is increasing.

The national plan is to expand to 36 nuclear power reactors by 2030, including advanced
reactor designs, and achieve about 40% nuclear supply. Demand for electricity in South
Korea is increasing about 2.5% per year.

In collaboration with US companies, Korea developed the 1000 MWe OPR-1000 nuclear
reactor which is 95% locally-made, and may be exported to Indonesia and Vietnam. The
newer AP1400 model is based on it, and four are being built in United Arab Emirates in a
$20 billion deal, having been sold against strong competition.

South Korea has a US$ 1 billion R&D and demonstration program aiming to produce
commercial hydrogen using nuclear heat about 2020.

North Korea

2 units partially built but subject to political delays, also 1 research reactor.

North Korea was moving towards commissioning one small power reactor, but concern
focused on attempts to develop illicit weapons capability caused this to be halted.

The USA and South Korea offered assistance in substituting two reactors which would not
produce weapons-grade plutonium, and agreement for these was signed late in 1995. They
are (South) Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant type and construction of the first was about
one third complete when construction was abandoned.

India

21 units in operation (5.3 GWe), 6 under construction, 22 planned, 35 proposed; also 4

research reactors.

India has achieved independence in its nuclear fuel cycle. Nuclear power currently supplies
less than 4% of electricity in India from 21 reactors. There are six units under construction,
including a second large Russian reactor, and four PHWRs. A further 22 reactors are planned
beyond that, including four more Russian units and two modern French ones. Plans are for 15
GWe by 2020.

India is a pioneer in developing the thorium fuel cycle, and has several advanced facilities
related to this. A 500 MWe fast reactor is due to start up in 2015.

PAGE 18
Pakistan

3 reactors in operation, 2 under construction, 2 planned, also 1 research reactor.

Pakistan generates almost 5% of its electricity by nuclear, its third power reactor started up in
2011, and two more supplied by China are under construction. Two larger ones are
planned near Karachi.

The government plans for 8.9 GWe of nuclear capacity at ten sites by 2030.

Bangladesh

2 units planned, 1 research reactor

In Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission plans to build two 1200 MWe
Russian nuclear reactors by 2021, with Russian finance. It has one operating research reactor.

Table 5: Bangladesh Nuclear Power Plant project

Capacity Construction Commercial
Type start operation
Rooppur 1 AES-2006/V- 1200 MWe Aug 2017 2023 or
392M 2024
Rooppur 2 AES- 1200 MWe 2018 2024 or
2006/V392M 2025

Source: World Nuclear Association

Indonesia

1 reactor planned, 4 proposed, 3 research reactors.

Demand for electricity in Indonesia has been growing rapidly, and this promoted
development of several independent power projects.

The government focus has changed from building large units for the Java-Bali grid to
building an initial small reactor near Jakarta.

Vietnam

4 reactors planned, 6 proposed, 1 research reactor.

In Vietnam, two Russian reactors total 2000 MWe are planned at Phuoc Dinh in the southern
Ninh Thuan province to come into operation from by 2020, followed by another 2000 MWe
using Japanese technology at Vinh Hai in the same province. These plants would be followed
by a further 6000 MWe by 2030, subsequently increased to having a total of 15,000 MWe by
2030. In January 2015 the AEA announced a further delay, giving construction start about
2019.

PAGE 19
Demand is growing rapidly and is expected to reach about 320 TWh/yr in 2020 from 123
TWh in 2012. Over one-third of its power comes from hydro, one-third from gas and the rest
from coal or imported from China. It has a research reactor at Da Lat, operated with Russian
assistance.

Thailand

5 reactors proposed, 1 research reactor.

Interest by Thailand in nuclear power has revived due to a forecast growth in electricity
demand of 7 per cent per year for the next 20 years. About 70% of electricity is from natural
gas. Capacity requirements in 2016 are forecast at 48 GWe.

In the Thailand Power Development Plan 2010-30, which was approved in 2010, there is
5000 MWe of nuclear capacity envisaged, with 1000 MWe units starting up over 2020-28.
The first power plant will be internally financed.

Thailand has had an operating research reactor since 1977 and a larger one is under
construction but apparently halted.

Philippines

1 reactor proposed, 1 research reactor.

The Philippines has one power reactor completed in 1984 but it never operated due to
concerns about bribery and safety deficiencies. In 2007 the government set up a project to
study the development of nuclear energy, in the context of an overall energy plan for the
country, to reduce dependence on imported oil and coal. In 2008 an IAEA mission
commissioned by the government advised that the nuclear plant could be refurbished and
economically and safely be operated for 30 years.

As well as this, the government was considering two further 1000 MWe Korean Standard
Nuclear Plant units, using equipment from the aborted North Korean KEDO project.

Malaysia

2 proposed, 1 research reactor.

In 2008 the government announced that it had no option but to commission nuclear power
due to high fossil fuel prices, and set 2023 as target date. Early in 2010 the government said it
had budgeted $7 billion funds for this, and sites are being investigated.

Malaysia wants a proven type of 1000 MWe-class reactor which is already deployed. Plans
are to be presented to the government in 2015. In July 2014 the minister responsible for
MNPC announced a feasibility study including public acceptance on building a nuclear
power plant to operate from about 2024, with 3-4 reactors providing 10-15% of electricity by
2030

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In summary, I have given a graphical information on Asian nuclear power below.

In this graphical information , we can know clearly data and information about countries of
Asia regarding nuclear power.

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