MACAM-MACAM PROGRAM PLC FUNCTION BLOCK DIAGRAM (FBD) UNTUK PENGOPERASIAN

MOTOR LISTRIK

Sesuai dengan janji penulis pada pertemuan sebelumnya yang akan menyajikan program-program
PLC dalam bentuk Function Block Diagram (FBD) untuk mengoperasikan motor listrik dalam berbagai
keperluan, maka untuk pertemuan ke 6 pada sesi kontrol PLC kali ini penulis akan menyajikannya.
Program-program PLC dalam bahasa Function Block Diagram (FBD) ini sebenarnya mempunyai
fungsi yang sama dengan program-program PLC dalam bahasa Ladder Diagram (LD), cuman bedanya
pada program function block diagram (FBD) ini kami lengkapi dengan tombol emergency yang berfungsi
untuk mematikan motor listrik secara mendadak jika terjadi beban lebih (over load) sementara thermal
overload relay (TOR) tidak bekerja (macet). Sama seperti penyajian program-program PLC ladder diagram
(LD) yang lalu, program-program PLC function block diagram (FBD) ini juga kami sajikan untuk
mengoperasikan atau menjalankan motor listrik dalam berbagai keperluan antara lain :
- menjalankan sebuah motor listrik secara langsug (DOL)
- menjalankan sebuah motor listrik dari dua tempat
- menjalankan sebuah motor 3 fasa putar kanan putar kiri (maju mundur) secara otomatis
- menjalankan sebuah motor 3 fasa hubungan bintang segitiga (star-delta) secara otomatis
- menjalankan 3 buah motor listrik bekerja berurutan secara otomatis
- menjalankan 3 buah motor listrik bekerja bergantian secara otomatis.
Program-program PLC function block diagram (FBD) ini juga kami tulis menggunakan software
Zeliosoft 2 yang telah dianalisis yang mendalam dan diuji coba baik oleh penulis sendiri maupun oleh pihak
Schneider Electric (vendor PLC Zelio). Jadi tak perlu diragukan lagi kebenaran dan keakuratannya dalam
mengendalikan pengoperasian motor listrik unuk beberpa keperluan di atas.

1. Menjalankan Sebuah Motor Listrik Secara Langsung (DOL)

2. Menjalankan Sebuah Motor Listrik Dari Dua Tempat

3. Menjalankan Sebuah Motor 3 Fasa Putar Kanan Putar Kiri (Maju-Mundur) Secara Otomatis
4. Menjalankan Sebuah Motor 3 Fasa Hubungan Bintang-Segitiga (Star-Delta) Secara Otomatis

5. Menjalankan 3 buah Motor Listrik Yang Bekerja Berurutan Secara Otomatis

6. Menjalankan 3 buah Motor Listrik Yang Bekerja Bergantian Secara Otomatis

7. Function Block Diagram (FBD)
FUNCTION BLOCK DIAGRAM

Apa itu FB(Function Block,, bkan Faceebok looh :D)?? Sebelum kita mempelajari FB ini
harus tau dulu, apa itu Fuction Block, Function Block merupakan program atau fungsi yang telah
ditetapkan yang terkandung dalam elemen program tunggal yang dapat digunakan dalam
Ladder Diagram. Unsur kontak diperlukan untuk memulai fungsi, tapi input dan
output yang dapat diedit melalui parameter yang digunakan dalam susunan ladder. Function Block
Omron dapat terbaca pada bahasa Ladder atau Structure Text dan sesuai standart IEC 61131-3 tentang bahasa
pemrograman.

Gambar diatas menunjukkan fungsi blok dari ladder, sehingga terlihat lebih simple, kontak start
dan timernya dalam satu blok dengan menggunkan P_On untuk memulai fungsi.
6.Sequential Function Chart (SFC)

Kita dapat memuat Ladder pada bagian Action1 dan Transition1.

Pada Transition biasanya sebagai input dan pada Action sebagai program eksekusinya. Sebagai contoh simple
misalnya program SFC untuk :

Pengasutan Motor Forward Reverse :

Pengasutan Y-D (Bintang - Delta)

 Function Block Diagrams
Dec, 3 2009

Electrical

We've been busy with PLC training all fall. This edition of Newsletters that
Teach is for the E and I gang, and anyone working with PLCs.
Function block diagrams (FBDs) in Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are
an alternative to ladder logic programming. When they are well designed, a FBD
may be more readable than ladder logic, especially when dealing with large and
complex programs. Using a FBD may also allow you to skip intermediate coils
and registers that could be necessary work-arounds to ladders limited format.

Function block programming is not inherently better or worse than using ladder
logic; a lot depends on your own preference and experience. However, both
styles of programming are in use in most modern PLC environments, often
within the same company, so a basic understanding of both is valuable.

Don't be afraid!
The ladder rungs that you knew so well from the days of relay programming
have not disappeared; FBD is just a new graphical interpretation of the same old
logic. Many PLC programming environments let you use ladder and function
block routines within the same controller project. The two different types of
routines can communicate and share data with each other without issue.

A few FBD basics

Function Blocks are always read from left to right.
Inputs are always on the left side of the block, and outputs are on the right.
Unfortunately, a comprehensive visual standard has not yet been adopted, so most programs have
some unique elements. It pays to review the basics of the program you are working with to avoid
confusion.
Lets look at a simple start/stop diagram with seal-in functionality.
Believe it or not, these two diagrams create the exact same routine. When the
start button is pressed (TRUE), AND the stop button is NOT pressed (FALSE),
System_Run is energized (TRUE). The OR functionality creates a seal-in, and
System_Run remains energized (or TRUE) until the stop button is pressed
(System_Run = FALSE).

Lets have a look at the components of a FBD, and how they translate from
Ladder format.

Tags (Variables)

It is a good idea to make your tag names as informative as possible, to save

yourself and others time if you need to review that routine down the road. In
our example, this tag is named Start_SW_B. It's not much of a stretch to realize
that this refers to the state of the Start Switch for routine B. You may already
have your own vocabulary and abbreviations for naming tags; remember that
remaining consistent will save trouble.
In our example, red = FALSE, so the red tag name indicates that the Start Switch
is not powered at the moment.

Boolean (BOOL)
(A.K.A Bit Level Instructions)
If youve ever written a true or false test, you are already familiar with booleans.
Boolean operations mean that there can only be two states, which could be
called true/false, on/off, open/closed etc. For example, a classic light switch
that you can only flick on or off has just two states. But if you were to swap that
lightswitch with a dimmer, it is no longer an example of boolean operation.

BOOL across the top of these Function Blocks reminds you that there is no
"halfway" state; the operation must be true, or false.

Function Block

A function block simply takes input and provides output as determined by the
operation specified at the top of the block. The input(s) are always what is
evaluated by the function, and the output always depends on that evaluation.
 In our example, we have an OR_BOOL. Think of it as saying," If IN1 (Input
1) ORIN2 is active, make OUT (Output) active." And that's all there is to this very
basic function block.
Some simple boolean functions include:

OR
If any or all inputs are true, the output will be true. Only when all inputs are false does the output
become false. This is an "inclusive OR."
XOR
This is an "exclusive OR". It follows the same rules as the regular (inclusive) OR, except that the output
will be false if more than one input is true.
AND
AND requires all inputs to be true in order for the output to be true.
NOT
NOT simply flips the input; true becomes false and false becomes true. Like a normally closed ladder
instruction, NOT only accepts 1 input and has only one output.
NAND
NAND is like combining an AND function with NOT, or a pin inversion. If your inputs are all true, then
your output would betrue, except that the NOT part of the function inverts the output. So,
all true inputs = false output. Mixed true and false input =true output. And all false input = true output.

In Plain English, Please

Now that we have a basic understanding of some boolean function blocks, lets
talk through the diagram that we saw earlier.

Pre-existing knowledge: This program uses RED to indicate FALSE,

and GREEN to indicate TRUE.
And the same diagram, at the moment you press the Start button (not shown)
to turn Start_SW_B true.
The arrow points out that that System_Run_B is the same variable as is used in
the OR condition check. This variable has now been turned true (green) by
pressing the start switch; it will be true (green) in both locations from the
moment the start switch is pressed.

So after the start button has been pressed and then released (above), the seal-
in condition looks like this.
The seal-in condition is broken when the stop button is pressed.
Once again, it's important to remember that the output variable that we have
just turned false is the same variable that we use in the OR function at the
beginning of the routine. This breaks the seal-in condition, and we return to
the original state of the circuit.