Anchors for testing piles by A.D. BarleyAnchors for testing piles by A.D, Barley BSc.Em).MSs..CEne. MICE, FS. ‘Acton and reaction are equal and opposite’ itn wellknown fact, but provision of tht ‘evction to allow forthe testy of pes can be tertocsted a0 nt level TIEN ef 10;0RN, raked or verti, on ne . browse wasn the reaction amet be sslble% Slow apptetion af loading By normal kine etnies, Kenledge is gency the fist eype of reaction tht comes To. mind thas loeg een Consgcred the old fuvourte ut seary hat fconomie and practic! Lnitations parila anchors of tension pes may snive the practical | Sdvars problems and avoid che escalating costs associ — Tet wi the hauage ot temtctpe Whe | aseedaee - five coniions low mobiatia of hes S468 2 pap nee Te err aul hice w ox oopet eel iF Sapna oF 18 {ier tonon pls may be vou purty late si ot eovinge-benttgns sie of dranig| BRE thn the contr fa abe ping iat Phang a a Missy nae: Hower, wha acl feta anche putes tore ‘hen elo be sor sail; ox th ten ples ae founded aeep ot te area iMtoueh wes oveburdy the ano ay cable sacle anchors is the clearance requirement between ik Malad ‘MScochaed pee hth aad shor tance 9° ‘does not influence the ple behaviour. Published vitecs pesriea ra its on stole bectmely Umeda Fre feet {pnsfts he not chr sealable ge oe ere | — inna tie dcbonding of tows najecnt tothe ple Stawet | dscnce ‘mite anhorpic tesfecoce and entre tendes = foe Aiiform loadjestension sharactenstes and thus ea se [eee z0r'W' (a {renee dtrbton among he anchors s [eeom[ io Wier deaenig the anor gen it | Ger tle [OT ESEET agprecait at he maximum echor wore 4 12 tots ap ed ye Teacton rq ments ofthe plete thus 9 lath Iw 2 factor of safe seseplabe The ‘rat for vnderssom eat PD cae Development fo Ground Anchorage, seat sgarnen.| | monde |e factor of Lt who anchors ae : aca eae ‘designed for use in pile testing." 4 aa sree iamavst anchos maybe desened in stem. Ko, sccondane vith emp rae atbough f : ini aire of wars row Edo en fe aly sare of einen ( [caste ies ae ner ace nature of the comatton techniues On the eee | ticker eapciy, Few culines fo the dein AW ie teas oF op of anchor ae sata at to ap aaa feoutic sonatas may be. Sneed, each Fens Sih ts ove poable Gmatione I group te Ants may be sein ‘eee Slpuey exit. sng the inteccg Teovld ara sete invoed cone nethod wih esealy apie shea are toes Ae to rok ancy oly then pears hat the ptoup anchor fale mechan ay ine ct the le beavis Ths wa probable shoe. ‘Soming of thie simplistic conservative approach ier Toare ot eo {pup anchor Behavior which the rock {hele stengt on the coe sce negleste ‘Roce tonal npproch, penta aplcable tb so anchors ensue that the Munim anchor tee nll excnds San the there 8 ANCHOR DISTRIMUTION frovion for adesuate spacing of the xed Keneis othe anchors soch that cach anchor The atu anchor layout and anchor icin ‘wil by an bolted tunneling nechnium. tons at eround level are conte the Uns srl tos of acre ponds ember of acer ee cae le Spusig of tnt sgusted, although the eon: ments and the provision of sxe Joaling Feito of aed savior ings a siapered_sangement om te tet ited lenge of {tpin can a cetamintones be benef, anchors founded within the pe length must ‘Shut tecommended plc fxs unless over: Be ated avay from the ple x defined Im Toadmgf the tore aneRovs prevented Ths ure I. Ths may be attain by eter the se fan Beachy the nsaaion of tendons ofa Wey lng teat rao By raking Ue aeons ‘Sith the etic module proportioned to the sway from the ple. The fate sltion slows Usbonded ieerth mali by ste! es. the ie of ahotter te re oF the pose ce Fic 1. 4 consideraron inthe we of anchors the clearance requirement Between anchors ond pie {othr the lade! anchor doesnot influence ple hohasior cular disuibuton of anchors aking in 3 rai ‘decetion. When anchors ae founded below the fle tow then lateral clearance trom the pie Fedaed, apni along the use 02 shorter fost fig and anchors with tow ake. The eon xem ‘mon teste acangement involves umber parallel beams allowing the stallion of a inee or double row of anchors and inoorporr ton of a mamber of cows beams forte tal tion of ouluager anchors (Fig 2). Clea the Snchor dottietion must be ayameticl about pie comectne To ensure og stbliy during the teas The wee of snchore ims ingle line‘Pg 2. Typlea tet rg arensement allowing te use of oth line end oueriger anchors ‘ig 4, Iolned test rig fr rakr ples. Sprerical Faodea bo rurmouckie a. ig 3, Test rig rangement using anchor ples ‘eth civulerdteribution and raked in adil (deetion. Uyouuh the ple cente i not recommended Since lateral staitityIsorten in doube. Pigue 3 ilystates the cirulardisibution of anchors Trt thi arrangement ix more generally applic: ble to very short anchor 0 tension pile stems Sete the anchor extension during loading i most Instances the debonded lengths of the anchors ae considerable, Thi inevitably result in large tendon extension. If these Frchors ate not plestiesed the test ng. may ‘ven lit ar meh a 200mm dune testing. Sch movement cannot Be accommodated by the fam travel of normal toting jack and there- fote becomes unacceptable. Consequently a se- niflent proportion of the anctor laud should be presresied against beating pad Below the teste prior to somimencement of the ple [A typical supporting Dex. and beating pad Arengcment ir shown in Fgute 2. Tho beating Dad should be locted some distance from the Pile to prevent the round being pressure i Fiveaciag lle behaviour, although it should be realised that the bearing pressure will reduce to ero peor ia application of the Tull ple test, {oas, In addition to uniform stressing of the fmehors it fs prudent testa number of the fncors to full working Toad during these pre- liminary operations. Proof loading of outa: snchors may jeopardise the stabi of the test fie but in ine anchors may be hndiviually Toaded quite sey ‘TESTING RAKER PILES. The use of HHT" tendons in short anchors or tension ples may allow reduction of omission ‘ofthese preloading operationsbut the adequacy Of theanchorsorpesand thei behaviour under loa must be Known prior to se, The testing of aker ples may present special problems, particulary during teat and SUp- ort bear sssembly, Figure 4 details a satisfac {Gry system of raked anchors incorporating an Inclined test rig to allow the completion of safe tnd economic ple testing. However, should tee noted that then pile rake Becomes high, tention must be paid 'o the horomta com. omen of force present dusing the pressing ff anchors against the support beams and be ing pa SATETY ASPECTS irespective of preliminary operations and the (est ip atangerent ii esses that thee