Narrationes Faciles de Historia Romanorum compiled by John P. Piazza ‘The purpose of this reader is to provide teachers and students with readings on Roman history and culture which do not require a departure from the target language, namely Latin. It is hard to understand why so many Latin textbooks cover this content in English, when it can be presented in comprehensible Latin, which students can read for interest and enjoyment, and especially when such narratives already exist. I have gone through four or five first-year textbooks (many of them out of print) which contain narratives, in Latin, on most of the major people and events of Roman history, and I have rearranged them into chronological order, from the origins, to Marcus Aurelius and Pliny the Younger. These readings are NOT organized by level of difficulty, but every reading is condsidered first year level. Teachers should easily be able to tell if a given reading is appropriate for his/her students, either by looking at the page or chapter number (if there is one), or by reading through the text. For many stories, there are multiple readings, which are more or less organized according to level of difficulty. Students who are well into their first year should be able to understand any of the readings contained here (perhaps with some assistance), and this compilation (or some modification of it) would make great summer reading between first and second year, or as extensive reading for students in their second or third year. This is only the first step in the development of an extensive reader which will hopefully be of much help to teachers. Many of the readings are less than perfect with regard to style, vocabulary, and content, If anyone succeeds in refining any of the readings, or producing additional readings, I would like very much to add them to this reader. For those interested in the sources of these readings, I have written initials in the bottom corner of the first page of each reading, Here is the key: J Jenny and Scudder. First Year Latin LAR Latin and the Romans LFA. Latin for Americans LWR Living With the Romans OLH Our Latin Heritage UL Using Latin This reader is not meant to replace any textbook, and is intended to be used freely in accordance with fair academic usage. John Piazza ‘www johnpiazza.netTable of Contents 1. Origins The Trojan War ‘Acneas, his journeys (Aeneid paraphrases) Il. The Kings of Rome Romulus and Remus The Sabine Women Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Wars with Neighboring Groups Horatii and Curiatii Tarquinius Priscus Appius Claudius Tarquins are Banished Brutus and Horatius Mucius Scaevola Cloelia Castor and Pollux Coriolanus Horatius defends the City ILL The Republic Expel the Decemviri, Creation of Consul and Tribune 480°s. Fabii fill power vacuum left by the Tarquini 470s Veii Cincinnatus 458 XII Tables 451-450 Manlius and the Geese 390's Manlius and Son Gauls Sack Rome Decius 340 Rome Rebuilt. Camullus persuades them not to abandon the city Pyrrhus and Tarentum 280°s Pyrrhus and the Samnites Fabric 1* Punic War, Naval Battles 264 Regulus ‘Hannibal and subsequent wars Scipio Africanus Fabius Minucius The Scipios ‘The Gracchi_ 133-121 Marius and Sulla 110-80's Spartacus 73 Pompey 70’s Cicero IV. The Empire Caesar, in Gaul, Britain and Rome the Helvetii Ides of March 44 Octavian > Augustus Horace Vesuvius ‘Marcus Aurelius and the Christians V. Rome, its sights, monuments, surroundings, misc. The Roman Forum Civitas Romana ‘The Tarpeian Rock Lacus Curtius Ostia Sicily ‘Damon and Pythias The Lares Saturnalia Templa Deorum Patronus et Clientes War (bella) Toga Virilis A Roman Family Roman Patriotism Roman Schools VI. Literature Proverbs Trimalchio’s Banquet Pliny describes his Villas Pliny writes about a Haunted House Latin Letters VII. Greek History Marathon the Sword of Damocles Alexander the Great.T. Origins feoy + Aeneas, NN ssss———O. WL i LESSON THIRTY-NINE ” “U at Po The Perfect Tense Passive bona: = PRELIMINARY REMARKS | curay In preparation for this lesson review what you have leamed about the Pena | principal parts and stems of a Latin verb. You have seen the perfect pas Nonr sive participle used as an adjective and you have learned how to translate or it, This participle is also used to form what is known as the participial = ‘system (the compound tenses) of Latin verbs. The present system consis dé in of the tenses formed by the use of the present stem: the present, imperfect, script and future, active and passive. The perfect system consists of the tenses formed by the use of the perfect stem: the perfect and past perfect active. Vergi ‘The participial system consists of the tenses formed by the use of the par- Te ticipial stem: the perfect and past perfect passive. There is one more tense Troja of the Latin verb — the future perfect; but it is not used in this book, in me A poi HOW THE TROJAN WAR BEGAN pulch est, b Comélia, matrona Romana, in cathedral’ prope piscinam? mt peristyli sedébat. Prope eam trés filiae ejus et filius parvus a Pablius sedébant. ‘Tullius autem atque filif Marcus et Quintus came : : ree : el non jam aderant. In Ford enim erant, ubi dratisnem ducis ae 5 éregii urbis Romae audigbant. Fessae’ erant puellae. D: as enim liserant. Itaque fabulam, quam els Cornélia dé initio a ‘Romae narrabat, gaudio magné audiébant. Cupitisne hanc IN fabulam oudire? Attendite. 0, ti 6. Per ae (f ‘Troja ” im. | | : LAR The flight from Troy. “Come then, dear father, place yourself on my back. 1 shall support you with my shoulders. Little Talus shall come with me. And you, father. take in your hand the holy images of our ancestral household gods.” (Verot) 1 not fi by prese gend:vout the ect pas- ranslate rhicipial consists aperiect, e tenses t active. the par- ore tense sok, scinam? parvus duitus 1 wucis I support fe in your THE PERFECT TENSE PASSIVE “Ut vos, mei liberi,‘ cognévistis,” inquit Cornélia, “Larés* et Penatés,’ deds familiae et civitatis, habémus, qui vitam 10 bonaque familiérum nostrérum civitétisque Romanae semper ciravérunt et ciirabunt. Nonne vobis narrabd dé itinere Penatium qui hic Rémam 4 majoribus’ nostris portati sunt [1]? Nonne bene attendétis? “Civités Romana initium ab urbe Troja* habuit. Fabula 15 dé initio civitatis Romanae 4 Vergilio’, égregid poéta nostrd, scripta est. Multae fabulae quidem dé temporibus antiquis & poétis nostris nobis traditae sunt. Propter vocem autem Vergill illius [2] fabula dé bello Trojano,” dé factis itineribusque Trojandrum, et dé civitatis nostrae initio semper ab hominibus 26 in memoria habita est. “Trdja urbs antiqua in Asia” erat. Quod Helena,” régina pulchra et marita Menelai,” principis Graeci, in Asiam portata est, bellum longum inter Trojands et Graecds gestum est. Cum mille navibus et numeré magn6 militum Graeci trans mare 25 navigavérunt et réginam Amissam quaesivérunt. Ilam re- cuperare erat negotium magnae difficultatis. Per novem annds in campis et sub maris urbis Trdjae bellum gestum est; nam ‘Trojani contra hostés urbem magna cum virtiite défendébant.”” (Nores] 1. cathedra, -ae (j.), chair. 2. piscina, -ae (f.), pool. 3, fessus, father (acc. sing.) “Creta patria vestra non erit. Exctdite, Troiani. Locus est quem? Graeci «ships acc. pl.) Hesperiam, alii"? Italiam vocant. Ibi terminum curarum perpetudrum ‘the anger of juno eniatis. Ibi in tio et concordia habitabitis et magnum oppidum ponétis et20 us ‘ace, sing.) minietis.” — (acc. pl.) ° which (acc.) others LfA 7 ye Repu) Ita Troiani cOnsilium novum cepérunt, Castra movérunt et ad Italiam navigdvérunt,LFA LESSON OBJECTIVES + To leam about trip toward Ital * To team the pa voice and the F forms of the pr imperfect, and I n magnis undis navés! Troi@norum volvuntur’, Sed Trdiani ex mediis ships (nom. pl.) undis servantur et ad Actium® properant; ibi inveniunt Helenum Troianum, — 7 9Fe tossed qui terram regébat. Helenus Trdiainds convocat et verba pauca facit: 7 fccum (Ak shium) “Longa est via ad Italiam, ad quam? accédere paratis. Accédite ad Siciliam "70, et navigate ab Sicilia ad Italiam finitimam, Durum est semper navigare, sed 5 «father of Aeneas; pron Fata viam invenient.” Anki ses Sententia Helent grate accipitur, et Aenéas Heleno gratias agit, Castra 7" moventur navesque undis committuntur. “Ialiam, ftaliam video!” climat 5 She (ac, pl) nauta et terram monstrat. In terra equi claré videntur. “Signum proeli sunt» o you equi,” dicit Anchisés*; “equis bellum geritur. Proelium, committere nn 10 " are lost debémus.” Non ibi manent sed ad Siciliam finitimam properant. Aetna eos? what terret et a Sicilia fugiunt. 7 _ a Tum Iand, regina dedrum, quae* Troignds non amabat, ad Aeolum, qui ventds regit et continet, venit dicitque: who “Si venti dari in naves? Troianorum mittentur, magnam gratiam habebo et 1s magna praemia tibi'® donabo.” Aeolus ventds in navés mittere maturat. Altis undis Troiani terrentur. Arma virique in undis sunt. Tum Neptinus, deus undarum, ventds audit et ad locum venit ubi naves sunt, Ira Nepttini magna est; venti laté fugiunt. Pauci ‘Troidni amittuntur"; reliqui ad terram finitimam veniunt et servantur. Sed in 20 qua’? terra sunt? Non sciunt”, sed castra ponere non dubitavérunt' Questions 1. Where do the Trojans land first and whom do they meet? 2. Where does their host tell them to go before going to Italy? 3. What will help the Trojans get there? 4, Is Helenus’ advice accepted? 5. Who spots Italy first and what does he see there? 6. How does Anchises interpret what is seen? 7. Do the Trojans stop in Italy?LESSON XXVIII IN AFRICA AENEA: AUXILIUM ACCIPIT Aor: soc ip terr® no IS Convocavit et verba fécit: sumus. Sed dei praesidium nostrum sunt. Deis vitam committite. Neque terra neque aqua nds! terret. Inveniémus viam aut faciémus. Italia nostra erit. Ibj et terminus maforum nostrorum et dtium perpetuum a Troianis invenientur. Ibi patria erit et nova Troia. E patria nova s numquam excédémus.” Tum Aeneas cum Gnd socid & castris excessit. Loca explorare matt Venus miter eum? vidit et appellavit. Nomen’ oppidi, quod* appella Carthago et in Africa est, et nOmen réginae, quae’ est Dido, Aenéae* Venus nantiat. Via Aengae a dea monstratur; Aeneas processit et magnum oppidum 10 LEA LESSON OB: JECTIVES To learn more about the travels of Aeneas + To lear the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs + To learn the abjative of agent construction 2 him * name (acc.) * which 5 who * dative In Carthage, Dido, sympathetic to the Trojans’ woes, welcomed them and had a great banquet prepared. Afterwards, Aeneas, at Dido’s insistence, reluctantly told of the havoc of the fall of ‘Troy and his pain at having to flee in obedience to the will of the gods. Can you identify some of the events connected with the Traian War as shown in thisvidit. In medi oppido templum erat. Ad templum régina Dido cum paucis sociis vénit, Ibi erant reliqui Troidni quds’ undae ab Aenééé separaverant’ Co Dido mala Troiandrum audit et dicit: op “Auxilid meé aut in Italiam aut in Siciliam commode veniatis, amici. Sed 15 si grftum est in nostra patria manére, oppidum nostrum est vestrum et e Roman god Cupid praesidium habébitis.” lulum, believe the god to Tum magna céna et cibi égregit"® 4 regina parantur. Aeneas nlntium ad filium, qui Talus" appellatur, mittit; nintius dicit: “Propera ad oppidum, Idle. Pater t@ exspectat 20 Sed in locd Inli Venus deum Amorem'? mittit. Sed et Aenéas et reliqui Trdiani deum crédunt esse lilum'*. Tum Amor réginam afficit, et Dido Aenéam amare incipit. Questions 1. What does Aeneas tell his comrades about the gods? 2, How does he express his determination to get to Italy? 3. What will be found in Italy and why does he speak of anova Troia ine 5)? 4. Why did Aeneas leave the camp? 5. Who saw him leave and met him? 6. What information did he receive from her? 7. Who was at the temple when Aeneas and his comrade got there? 8, What choices did Dido offer Aeneas after hearing his troubles? Were they helpful? 9. To whom does Aeneas send a message, and what was it? 10. What is the paradoxical (unexpected) result? VOCABULAR Noun praesi‘dium, praesi“di n. guard, protection Verb appel‘lé, appella ‘re, appella ‘vi, [appella ‘tus] (appellate) call, name Conjunctions aut or aut... aut either... or et both... andiSON JECTIVES ‘o read about Aeneas ad ‘learn the use of djectives as nouns in atin xc) D... ad Annam sordrem' properavit: “Anna soror,” dixit, “animus meus (dat) miser periculis terrétur; Aenéam am®, Quid agam? Anna respondit: “Anis est bonus et amicus vir. Pro Troia pugnavit sed cee patriam dmisit; nunc pr5 nostra patria multds annos pugnabit. Finitimt non nds (me) 5 sunt amici, Tecmini nostri ab Aen proeliis défendentur.” erselt Aeneas in Africa cum regina pulchri mansit. Didé Troianum per medium oppidum daxit et eF oppidum monstravit Tum Iuppiter Mercurium nintium ad Aenam misit. “Annum in hoc* locd gisti,” Mercurius dixit. “Verba dei memoria ndn tenés; properd in 10 Italiam cum socits tuis, ubi filius tuus reget. Ibi otium habébis.” Aenéas socids convocavit. Socii frimentum in navés* portavérunt. Dido Aengam appellavit: “Car’ fugis? Darus es; injtriam facis. Magnum est periculum nostrum. A populis finitimis agri nostri occupabuntur, oppidum amittetur. Praesidium 15 nostrum esse debés. tn concordia perpetua habitabimus.” Aeneas respondit: “Deum Mercurium vidi. Officium meurn est ad Italiam navigare. Durum est, sed deus imperat®.” Aeneas tard8 excessit et ad naves vénit. Socil convénérunt et navés in aquam traxérunt, Tum navés undis ventisque commisérunt. Did misera 20 nAvés vidit et sé interfeciv” ‘Troiani ad Italiam migravérunt et patria novam invénérunt. Dido vitam Amisit; Aenéas patriam invénit, Ita in libris poétarum seribitur. Questions 1. Why was Dido troubled? 2. Why did Anna and Dido both think that Aei 3. What does Mercury tell Aeneas to do? 4. What arguments did Dido use to tty to persuade Aeneas to stay in Carthage? 5. What did Dido do after Aeneas left? 6. Where did Aeneas go? 7. How long did Aeneas stay with Dido? neas should stay?LESSON XXX i a ian AENEAS AD INFEROS' Aree: filius Anchisae* fuit, qui in Sicilia & vita excesserat. Tum Anchisés in somnd ad filium vénerat et filium vocaverat: “Veni, fili, ad inferds, ubi sum. Sibylla’ viam novit et te diicet.” Ita Aenéas in Italiam processit, ubi Sibylla habitabat. Consilium Sibyllae erat: “Si in silva rimum aureum* inveniés, ad inferds 18 prodacam et sine periculd rediicam; sed sine ramo numquam (& prodicam.” Ita Aeneas int silvam properavit. Auxilid Veneris* ramum invénit et cum Siby!la ad inferds déscendit. Ibi multa nova vidit et novit. Tum ad magnam silvam vénérunt. !bi erat Dido. Aeneas reginam vidit et vocavit: “Nuntiusne vérum nuntia Invitus’ € patria tua excess |, sed ita deus imperavit®.” Sed régina, nunc inimica, verbis lacrimisque? Aenéae nn movétur. Neque Aenéam spectavit neque respondit, sed in silvam fugit ‘Aenéas tarde € silva excessit et locum vidit ubi mali poend affici¢bantur Tum Acne concordia vitam agebant. Inidriae et pugnae aberant, Ibi Anchisés erat LESSON OBJECTIVES © To learn about Aeneas in Hades * To learn how to form and translate the past perfect and future per- fect active tenses * the Lower World (See footnote 6, p. 160) ? Anchises (Anki’ses, gen.) » the Sibyl (a prophetess) + you (acc) 5 * golden branch « genitive of Venus ? unwilingty) * has commanded * tears ° Bly‘, Greek and Roman 1? Vitamne amisisti? Causane fui? 10 heaven souls Sibyllaque in Elysium” process¢runt, Ibi animae"' bondrum in 15 Ever obedient to the will of Fate, Aeneas reluctantly abandons Troy to fulfill his destiny as the founder of Rome. On his shoulder, he carries his father Anchises, who grasps a lion s and at his side is Ascanius (Iulus). Also with him are his household gods, brought along to serve as a vital link between the past and the future. Following is Creusa,gratefully) will overcome Gratus" filium accépit et ntntiavit: “Clards Romanos qui posted in terra erunt et gloriam populi tui monstrabo. Romani malds superabunt" et populos aequé regent.” Aenéis ab Anchise non retinétur et a Sibylla in terram redicitur. Tum loca commoda in Italia occupare maturavit. Questions 1. Where did Aeneas’ father die? 2. What did Aeneas’ father ask him to do? 3. Whom did Aeneas need to lead him into the Lower World? 4. What did Aeneas need to find in order to go into the Lower World and come back safely? 5, What questions did Aeneas ask of Dido? 6. What reason did he give for leaving her country? 7. How did Dido react and where did she go? 8. Where did Aeneas go after leaving Dido? 9, Whom did he see next and what was he shown? Adjective inimi‘cus, -a, -um unfriendly, hostile; [amicus] as noun, personal enemy Verbs ab’sum, abes’se, a’fui, [Afutii’rus] [sum] be away, be absent nds’cd, nds’cere, nd’vi, [nd‘tus] learn; in perfect tense, have learned, know procédé, pracé ‘dere, proces’si, [cédo] [processi‘rus] go forward, advance prodi‘cé, prodii‘cere, prodii‘xi, [dies] [prédue‘tus] lead out reti‘ned, retine’re, reti‘m hold back, keep , [reten tus] [tenes] AdverbSSON BJFCTIVES To .d about Aeneas and King Evander To learn the forms and use of the personal pronouns of the first and second persons To review the form and function of possessive adjectives of the first and second persons wards de sans (acc.) us, For the joining of cum to Of personal pronouns, see te 18, p. 219, LFA rander grate Aengam it, At Pallanteum, the on the site of what was to ‘eR, King Evander ) receives Aeneas (right) escorted by Evander’s son The artist, Pietro da has kept the tradition 1e Arcadians, exiles from LESSON INEG ONAL ON INTC AUXILIUM ACCIPIT O... in Latid erat oppidum appellatum Pallanteum. Rex' oppidi, Evander, cum multis colonis ab Arcadia in Graecia migraverat. In Italia oppidum muniverant in locd ubi posted Romulus Romam monivit. Cum finitimis populis Latinis Evander Graecique bellum semper gerébant. 5 Aenas et coldni Troiani etiam? in Italia habitabant et etiam cum Latinis pugnabant. Qued socids cupiebant, Aeneas et pauci viri ad Pailanteum accessérunt. Extra‘ oppidum viri Trdiani filium Evandri et paucds Arcadés* invénérunt, Dixérunt. Patias: Pallas sum, filius B) ndsl. Ego et amici mei vos sallitamus, Qui 10 estis? Car’ ti et viri tui ad Pailanteum vénistis? Aenéas: Appellor Aeneas. Ego et viri mei ad Italiam vénimus quod Fara nos daxérunt. Nunc auxilium vestrum cupimus. Accipite nds, quaeso* et historiam’ nostram audite. Pallas: Vos non dimittam. Multa dé vobis audivi. Ad oppidum nobiscum” 15 procédite. (Rex Evander grate Aenéam accipit.)LESSON OBJECTIVES * To read how the Fat bring about the end ‘Aeneas’ struggles * To lear about the p fect passive particip and how to form the perfect passive tense ia a Graecis capta erat et Aenéas cum paucis Troianis ad Htaliam venerat et per terrds barbarOrum virds produxerat. Sed Tino inimi et contra Aenéam miserum multds populds barbards Italiae incitav filia regis Latini', a Turnd amabatur sed Aenéae* in matrimonium doniata est. ‘Tusmus bellum gerere ndn dubitavit, Ab Aenéa bellum non grate susceptum 5 est; ad terminum vitae sub armis esse non cupivit Sed causa Troianorum a Fatis suscepta erat. Aenéas etiam 4 Graecis qui in Italia habitabant beneficium et auxilium accepit, quod Turnd inimict crant, Per multds digs bellum gestum est et multa égregia exempla virtatis* in proeliis cl mansit Lavinia, ‘is proposita sunt. 10 Tandem Turnus solus Aenéam sOlum ad pugnam évocavit, quod reliq exemplum proponere cupivit. In locd commodo ub portis oppidi * king Latinus (gen.) Pugnavérunt. N6n longa fuit pugna, quod Venus, mater Aenéae, filid arma * dative @gregia donaverat quae‘ deus Vuleanus fécerat. Fata iusserant auxilium ad | °% urage (aen.) Turnum non mitt’; itaque 1nd, socia Turni, aberat. Vita Turni fOgit e015. camp Aenéas ad terminum periculorum vénit et otium invénit, LFA Apainted frieze found in 18 on the outskirts of Rome she an episode of the Aeneas lec outside of Vergil's Aeneid. He winged Victory crowns Aene during the final fatal struggl between Trojans and Rutulie near the river Numicus. According to the poet Ovid, was at this moment that Aer was transformed into a god9 un. The ove aly. nen the the THE TROJAN WAR In Asia est vir clarus. Vir est Anchisés. Dea Anchisén (accusative) amat Aenéas est filius deae et Anchisae. Aenéae fémina est Creiisa. Cretisa Aenéasque filium vocant Ascanium, Aenéae patria est Trdia. Tria nén est in Europa, sed in Asia. Graeci et virl Troiae pugnant. Graeci Trdiam occupant. Aenéas Anchisén portat. Creiisam filiumque vocat AENEAS: “Non iam est Troia. Sed def deaeque virds Triae amant Etiam féminas et puerds puellasque amant. Hodié ad Italiam navigamus.”” AENEAS SAILS TO CARTHAGE Post longum bellum in Asia, Aen@as cum amicis ab Asia ad Italiam navigat. Sed periculum est in Europa. Ab Europa ad Africam navigat Est magnum oppidum in Africa. Elissa™ est régina oppidi. Elissa fri- mentum et dona Aenéae amicis (dative) dat. Elissa Aenéan (accusative) amat. Dei Aenéan réginamque dé caelé spectant. Nautae Aenéae et viri féminaeque in oppidd sunt amici. Sed peri- culum est in Africa. * Elissa of Tyre, ustially known by her nickname Dido, was the foundress of Carthage in North Africa, THE GODS CALL AENEAS TO ITALY Régnum Elissae in Africa est. Régnum est latum et oppidum est magnum altumque. Feri Africani réginam nén amant. Bellum parant, sed réginae oppidum non occupant. i Aenéas cum amicis a Sicilia ad Africam navigat. Elissa Aenéan amat et vocat: “Meum régnum est tuum. In magné periculd sumus. Troianis | meam patriam do.” : | Sed dei Trdianés in Italiam vocant, Aenéas: “Tuum régnum est magnum et bonum et pulchrum, et Africani sunt mali. Té et tuum régnum laud6, et t& amd. Sed dei Trdiands ad Italiam vocant.” jwus, bis, dita- ing, are shall ulta atae THE TROJAN WAR In Asia est vir clarus. Vir est Anchisés. Dea Anchisén (ag n ative) amat. s est filius deae et Anchisae. Aenéae fémin, f Creiisa. Cretisa Sp-esTin Eurdpa, sed in Asia. Graeci TOiam occupant. Aenéas Anchisén est Trdia. Sed dei deaeque virds Trdiae amant Eti feminas et 6 a 7 t is et puerds puellasque a i’ i rvigamus,” puellasque amant. Hodié ad Italiam THE FALL OF TROY pind: “Meds tudsque amicds convocabé. Narrabisne malam forttinam Troiae?” _ : ‘ApNEAs: “Narrabd. Cum me6 parvo filid et femina, Cretisa, in oppido meo habitabam. Vitam bonam Trdiandrum laudabamus. Nuntii bellum niintiabant: ‘Graeci ad Asiam navigabunt.’ Troiani bellum parabant et Graecds exspectabant. Bellum in patriam meam por- tabant Graeci, Graecorum gladii multds Troianés vulnerabant. Troiani laborabamus: Graeci Troiands superabant. Cum Graecis feris pugnabam et multds vulnerabam. ©, mala narro! Graect meum oppidum altum occupabant!” AENEAS AT THE CAPTURE OF TROY Aenéas miseram fortiinam Trdiandrum pulchrae réginae narrabat AENEAs: “Graeci Troiam occupabant. Periculum erat (was) magnum. Nostrés virds feminasque cum amicis ad oppidi portam convo- cabam. Propter periculum sacra dedrum ad portam portabamus, et Anchisae dabamus. Mei servi friimentum et aquam parabant. Meis amicis servisque gladids dabam. “Anchisés deds invocabat: ‘Amabatis Troiam Trdiandsque. Ubi estis? Spectatisne nostra pericula? Inter multa pericula laboramus. Amantne dei nostram patriam?’”AENEAS AFTER THE FALL OF TROY AENEAs: “Bellum erat longum; dit laborabamus. Nunc navigabam ab Asia cum Anchisa Ascanidque et sacris deérum Troiandrum.”” DID6: “Sed Cretisa ubi erat?” AENEAs: “O, nOn aderat! Miser eram sine fémina mea. Sed interim ab Asia navigabamus ad Thraciam.” piD6: “Ubi est Thracia?” AENEAS: “In Eurdpa est. Sed ibi erat periculum magnum, et dei Troia- nés in altum (tie deep) vocabant.” pDip6: “Posted ubi eratis?’”’ AENEAs: “Est in altd insula sacra, insula dei. Ad insulam navigabamus, et ibi deus Anchisae bona verba dabat dé nostra fortuna.” AENEAS CONTINUES HIS TALE AENEAS: “Tum ab insula sacra ad terram Crétam fortiina Trdiands vocabat. Ibi oppidum parabamus; et nunc Anchises cOnfirmabat meos, et clamabat: ‘In Créta habitabimus. In Créta stabunt sacra AENEAS: ““Déerat* friimentum, et misera erat vita. Et nunc dei Anchisae viam déménstrabant in Italiam, ubi parabant régnumy Troianis.”” * from désum, deesse, fo be lacking AENEAS COMPLETES HIS TALE AENzAs: “Anchises animés nostrés bonis verbis confirmavit: ‘Dei sig- num dedérunt; nostrum régnum est in Italia. Est longé ab Africa, sed post longam fugam et multés annés in Italiam navigabimus.’ Tum navigavimus in terram ubi habitabant vir feminaque, captivi Tréiani, nostri amici. Jam liberi erant. Femina multa et pulchra dona nobis (to us) dedit, et vir bonum cénsilium dé nostro régnd . Nautae nostri arma et cSpiam aquae friimentique ab oppid6 nostrérum amicérum portavérunt. Tum ad regnum tuum navigavimus.” atic [>AENEAS INCURS DIDO’S ANGER Ubi Aenéas pericula Trdiandrum narraverat, regina clamavit: “Magna est audacia tua! Ad multa loca et per pericula magna navigavisti! Multa dina tuis sociis dedi, et nunc fugam ex mea patria paratis.”” Magna erat ciira Aenéae: réginam amabat, sed dei Trdiands voca- bant in Italiam. Ubi fugam paraverat Aenéas magna erat ira réginae. Misera cla- mavit: “Aen@an viram meum appellavi, sed Troianus malus non amavit mé! Iam fugam paravit; cris ab Africa navigabit. Semper stabit ira mea inter Trdianés et populum meum! Soci ndn erunt: semper ‘mei in armis stabunt contra Trdianés, et didi lab6rabunt Trdiani bellis et proeliis multis!” Sed interim Aenéas erat in altd; ad Italiam iam navigabat. LAVINIA ‘Ubj Trdiani in Italiam navigaverant, Amata erat régina Latindrum. Lavinia erat filia Amatae et Latin’. Laviniam Aenéas amvit, sed Tur- nus, dominus Rutuldrum et socius Latinérum, Laviniam dit ‘amabat. Amatae Turnus gratus erat, Aenéas nén gratus. Inter Troiinds et Latinds erat longum bellum. Causa belli erat Lavinia Latini castra Aeneadarum oppugnabant. Turnus clamavit: “Tua fama, Aenéa, (vocative), mi inimice, est magna. Nunc convoca tuds sociés et déménstra audaciam Troiandrum.” TURNUS ASSEMBLES THE RUTULIANS Turnus, dux Rutuldrum, in magné oppidd Ardea cum patre Daund et sordre Iditurna habitabat. Tum alta et magna in agro Latino Ardea stabat. Postea oppidum parvum erat, sed Romanis sacrum. Saepe consulés Romani dona pulchra deis Ardeae dabant. Ubi Aeneadae in Italiam navigaverant, fama dé Trdiandrum fuga longé latéque per Italiam volaverat, sed Turnum nén délectavit. Dux Rutulérum populum convocavit, animés militum confirmavit et bel- lum paravit. CharLAR THE WOODEN HORSE AT TROY “Jam decimus annus belli aderat,” Cornélia narrabat, “et nondum Troja 4 Graecis capta est. Ea urbs enim, quae alti- tiidine mirérum minita est, 2 Trojanis cum virtiitte défendé- batur[{]. Défessit ob bellum s longum erant et Trojani, qui intramirdsurbisobsidebantur, et Graeci, qui Trdjanés obside- ant. Multae fuerant mortés, multa vulnera et Trojandrum 16 et hostium. Finis belli illé tem- pore 4 Graecis quaerébatur, quds amor patriae atque fami- ligrum vehementer movébat. “reek vn rating “Ttaque cOnsilid Ulixis, princi- 15 "The sack of Troy pis Graecérum, insidiae contra ‘Trojands atquenova ratio belli pardtae sunt. “Equus magnus ligneus* exstrictus est. Ulixés enim sociis ita proniintiaverat : “Equum magnum exstruémus, quem prope 20 mirds pdnémus, Intra corpus illius equi virds paucds et numerum satis magnum armorum abdémus. Posted nés reliqui urbem et campum et Iitus Trojanum, velut* fuga, relinquémus. Trdjani equum sine timére in urbem trahent. Nocte ex equo nostri venient et gladiis Trojénds, quibuscum novem annds 25 fristra contendimus, sine difficultate vincent.’ Ratiénem his verbis expositam Graeci accépérunt. Itaque ejus consilié in- sidiisque Trojani victi sunt, qués neque gladii hostium neque 20 centum proelia neque mille navés vincere potuerant.” [Norns] 1. défessus, -a, -um, tired, worn out. 2. Ulixes, Ulixis (m.), Ulysses; one of the ‘chief Greek leaders. 3. ligneus, -2 -umt, wooden. 4, selut, as ifufone by Honet Paul Motte, Cxsran Gallery, Wasblngton The wooden horse of Troy LESSON FORTY-TWO Adjectives of the Third Declension ‘The adjectives that you have learned so far have all been in the first and second declensions. Can you decline correctly and quickly vérus, ~ -um, vester, -tra, ~trum? ‘There are also many adjectives that use the end- ings of the third declension, Review these endings, see pages 198, 204, and 224, Note the occurence of forms of adjectives of the third declension in the stor THE GREEKS LEAVE THE HORSE “Post multés horas nox jam aderat et somnus' gravis [1] omnem urbem tenébat. Dum autem Trojani sine timdre dormiunt,’ omnés Graeci, qui ad insulam Tenedum discesserant, ad Trdjam navigabant. Interim ili novem viri qui cénsilid C3r4] Ulixi: rant omné «] pulsa nibus Nequ caper aut i sé de mort: victd “] mult: Grae maxi omné erat: est s fabul dorn Db is dedér. ~cénst decle nomi line othe deck andthe first Tus, -a, the end- 204, and nin the wis [1] timore serant, sdnsilid ADJECTIVES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION Ulixis? in equé claust sunt, ex corpore equi media nocte véne- rant et ad ports urbis contenderant. Postquain ¢6 vénérunt, omnés portas clausds urbis aperuérunt.t “Post breve tempus navés Graecorum venté levi et secunds pulsae ad litora Trojae pervénérunt. Sine mora Graeci ex om- nibus navibus excessérunt et per portés urbis contendérunt. 10 Neque 4 civibus prohibiti sunt. Pauci enim Trojani, qui arma capere potuerant, contra hostés aegré pugnavérunt. Reliqui aut in somnd interfecti sunt aut timOre gravi permoti in fugam sé dedérunt.* Dum fugiunt, multi Trdjani iniqué proelid ad vnortem missi sunt. Tandem né finus quidem Trdjanus contra. 15 victdrés Graecds pugnabat. “Hc modé urbs antiqua post decera annés belli et mortés multdrum virérum per insidias Graecorum occupita est. Tum Graeci, qui, quod urbem tam didi obsessam capere potuerant, maximé laeti erant, tétam urbem incendérunt.’ Captivds 20 omnés et praedam in patriam removérunt. “Inter ducés Trojands, qui contra Graecés pugnaverant, erat dux quidam’ Aenéas appellatus. Ile 4 Graecis nén captus est sed ad collés finitimés évasit.’ Hodié autem vobis satis fabularum narravi. Vos, filiae, si ita cupitis, dum Pablius 2 dormit ltidere poteritis. Ego epistulam scribam.” Ita Cornélia dixit, [Notes] 1. somnus, -£ (m.), sleep. 2. dormio, -ire, -it, sleep. 3. Ulixés, -is (m.), Ulysses. 4. aperis, -ire, aperut, apertus, open. 5. in fugam sé dedérunt, fled away (gave themselves to flight). 6. incendé, -ere, -cendi, -cénsus, burn. 7. guidam, a certain (nom.). 8. 2vdd6, -ere, éodst, escape. GRAMMAR NOTES {Achetioes of the Third Dectension’ 1. There are Latin adjectives using the case endings of the third declension. Some of them have the same ending for all genders in the nominative singular. Others have the same ending for the mascu- line and feminine genders, but a different ending for the neuter. Still others have a different ending for each gender. Adjectives of the third declension are inflected as follows. Note the i -slem forms in the plural and the ending of the ablative singular in -i. Cars) | |i a ‘The derivatives of these Latin nouns always end in ty in English. | What are the derivatives for these: humilitas, antiquitas, gravitas, dignitas, necessitas, qualitds, quantitas, séciritas, vicinitas, iti- litas, brevitas, sdnitas, celeritas? , Write the Latin for: unity, paucity, loquacily, facility, civility, alacrity, asperity, anciety, sobriety, piety, society. The last four are derived from adjectives that end in -ius: ansius, sobrius, pius, secius. SENTENCE PATTERNS A. Complete and translate the following sentences into English: 1, Graeet Minervae equum ligne _ cum celeritat____ dederunt. ‘ 2. Si princip___ equum per ports in oppid___ moverint, Trajan Grace, superabunt, 3, Statim populus Tro}an___ mignd eum studio virds valid equ. ligneum in oppidum movére jtiss 4, Non anmis sed dol__ Graeci Trojan superavérunt. . 5, Flimin___ erant lata et itinera erant long ___. 4, Achillés filium rég___. Trdjae necavit. 7. Nonne posted patr___ Pridmé corpus ded___? 8. Ante oculés duc_— dea silvarum virgin pulchram ad templ_—_ : portavit. 9, Laocoon dén—_ equi lignet timuit et Trojands monu__. 10. Posted Gracet Trsj.— déléverunt et tum pax in tern fuit. ' B. Translate the italicized words into Latin: 1, The Greek captive by trickery remained in Troy. With great speed Achilles dragged the body of Hector three times around the walls of Troy before the eyes of Hector’s sad father. Immediately the king ordered the men to move the wooden horse into town, . And on earth peace to men! They feared the long journeys and the deep rivers, ane Not by Arms but by Treachery Jadicium pastoris et puichritids feminae erant causae belli ae ‘Tréjani. Graeci cum multis principibus ad Gras (shores) Trojae f multitiidine navium (ships) navigivérunt. Inter Graecds erant ; ducés clari, Ulixés, Achillés, Agamemnon, Menelaus, Priémus, . réx Tydjae, et filius Hector, et Aenéas, filius Anchlsae, erant ducés i clani Trdj Per navem (nine) annds Graecf inimici in agris propinquis ‘ Trdjae cum Trdjanis ptignavérunt, sed incolae Trojae erant validi 124 ‘ oulEnglish, -avitas, ° Gti- alacrity, ed from empl. wround the into town, wsae belli 3) Trojae 26s erant Primus, ant ducés copinquis a’ validi | et patriam contra Graecés défendérunt. Jind et Minerva et Neptiinus Tréjands et Paridem nin amavérunt, et prd Graecis pignavérunt. Paris ac Trojani Veneri et Marti erant grati, et pré Trdjanis Venus et Mars pigndvérunt. Tum Achillés Graecus hasta (spear) Hectarem necavit et ter (thrice) circum mirés Trdjae corpus Hectdris ante oculés patris traxit (dragged), Trdjani autem (however) Trdjam etiam tenu- @runt. Tandem Ulixés, Graecérum princeps, dolé mald Trajands superavit. Graecl magnum equum ligneum, djnum Minervae, extra (outside) mirds oppidi aedifieévérunt. Alto in equd erant principés Graecdrum cum multitidine hominum validdrum, Posted ab dris Trojae navigare simulaverunt (pretended) sed non longé & terri m&nsérunt. Trdjani laetl magnd cum celeritate extra mirds oppidi pro- perfvérunt. Sed Laocoén, sacerdés (priest) Neptiini, dé templd cucurrit (ran) et clmavit: “Nonne dolum Ulixis et Graecérum, ‘Tréjani, memoria tenétis? Timed Graecds etiam dona ferentés.”” Tum pastorés Trdjint ad régem captivum Graecum port&- vérunt. “Si respdnsa véra dederis, vitam tuam servabimus.”” Sindn captivus cum terrdre respondit: ‘Equus est dénum 4 Graecis Minervae. SI Trdjani equum in oppidum méverint, Graecds vérd superabunt.”” Subitd magni serpents ex aqua magna cum celeritate proper’ vérunt et Laocoontem et filids necdvérunt. Trojni monstrum virls complétum (filed) per portas mdvérunt. Posted laeti dor- miérunt (slept). Pax in terra erat. Terminus belli erat. Noetii (Af night) Graeci ab insula ubi clam (secretly) miinserant, ad Gris Trdjae navigavérunt. Sindn signum dedit et dé equo Ulixés et principés Graect déscendérunt. Selita, téla, gladiés, arma belli portavérunt. Per portis Trdjae properdivérunt Graeci. Non piigna sed caedés (slaughter) erat. Undique erat elamor; undique erat terror; undique ambulavit Mors (Death). 125