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PRESENTADO POR:
CLAUDIA GUERRERO
PRESENTADO A:
JOHAN OSPINA
To talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the export and import in
Colombia we have to talk about what is current the free trade agreement or FTA
which is not only in Colombia but in many countries of the world.
In the last few days there has been much talk and speculation on the issue, as
Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and the United States are in the process of signing an
FTA. What transcendental is that the country has begun the strategy of the
internationalization of the economy, from this treaty. According to the
government, this tactic is the only one that will serve for the Colombian
economy to grow and develop optimally, since in the last decade it has not
grown or its growth has been little.
The United States is a country of 285 million people, with $ 35,000,000 per
capita income, which represents a great purchasing power. It is also a very rich
market and one of the largest and most dynamic in the world, in which
Colombia can sell, negotiate and export innumerable products, which will
generate a better level of economic and social development for our country.
Colombia is not a great threat to the United States in political and economic
matters, since the total production of our country is only a quarter of the
production of them. We are irrelevant in the impact that we can cause to its
productive apparatus, reason why, economists consider that united states, will
be generous with us in this agreement that is trying to sign.
Today, the main concern with the opening of the Free Trade Agreement is the
different negative repercussions, especially on two sectors of our economy: the
agricultural field or system and SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) .
The first sector will be affected, since the Colombian field is not totally
industrialized to be able to compete against the agricultural products of the
United States, nor has the sufficient mechanisms of production and quality. The
Colombian peasants also do not have sufficient educational capacity to respond
to the demands they are made. In addition, we are at a complete disadvantage
with the American field, since it has in its favor purely protectionist policies in its
different economic sectors; Generates lower costs for its producers and
therefore a greater threat for our peasants.
SMEs, the second sector, will be affected due to the low productivity, the low
quality and the high costs of production that characterize them, which prevents
them from competing in a highly specialized market, leading them to their
imminent disappearance, which Is very dangerous, since they generate more
than 80% of employment in the country.
The serious thing is that Colombia does not have a protectionist policy, which
clearly affects peasants, generating unemployment in the countryside. Neither
is there a vision of the disasters that can be generated internally and how to fix
them, when the FTA is underway: the unemployment generated by the demise
of SMEs, the total lack of state protection for the peasants, the mass
displacement of peasants or The population affected, who are looking for work
or better opportunities in the cities, since in the rural areas they did not benefit
from the treaty; The common violence that is generated due to these factors; It
will then bring unemployment, famine, homelessness, etc.
However it must be recognized that the government is not doing all this blindly:
it is preparing to achieve a GOOD NEGOTIATION. To this end, the Ministry of
Foreign Trade has taken the reins of the process, counting on the invaluable
accompaniment of qualified private sector entrepreneurs. Thus, it is sought that
the interests of the country are not affected, that the treaty serves to improve
the economy and not to destroy it and that there are no negative consequences
especially for the agricultural sector and SMEs.
Within the negotiation is discussing the problem that is presented with visas;
This is a very important aspect and must be taken into account, because it is
always a "torture" for Colombians to achieve this document and thus be able to
enter the country of freedom and opportunities. This, even if it seems routine or
normal, is something that should be paid attention to, because if Colombian
merchants do not have the visa, it will be impossible to establish market
relations and market their products in the north country, because in The
principles of the market, or with just rationality, it is known that if there is no
presence of the negotiators can not give economic opening. It is paradoxical
that the Americans could enter our country, as if it were the garden of their
house and we have vetoed, for reasons that is not the case, the simple entry
into their territory. This creates an act of inequality in the negotiation, they can
trade and generate profit, taking advantage to have a greater advantage over
our country. In conclusion, if there are no visas for the merchants, there are no
businesses and therefore we can not capitalize on those virtues of the FTA.
When talking about the Free Trade Agreement, it is realized that with it there
were no tariff barriers, or there would be very low taxes, which would achieve a
trade between countries without restrictions, and the disappearance of
contraband. Although there would be no tariff barriers with the treaty, there will
be some non-tariff or phytosanitary calls which will prevent many Colombian
products from entering the United States. This is due in part to US
protectionism, since they believe that products such as meat can filter out lethal
diseases, such as mad cow disease and foot-and-mouth disease, porcine pigs,
chicken flu, Pests and fungi that can come with plants, diseases that would
generate a crisis of great proportions in that country. But not only the United
States has these barriers: Colombia also has these barriers.
The problem is that the United States could not prohibit the entry of some
Colombian products, including meat, poultry, and different fruits and vegetables.
Arguing that these products have phytosanitary barriers, and that is why they
will not allow entry to their country, which would detract from the advantages of
a positive economic increase for Colombia, since there would be very few
products that would actually be marketed.
They argue that national companies would not be able to negotiate freely, since
they are linked to national legislation and so things would present personal
political interests and this would not achieve the propitious interest for the FTA,
while private companies are free Total, its economy is based on the laws of
supply and demand, and the managers of these do not have to request
authorization to make their commercial decisions. Thus they would be fully
capitalizing on our economy, their political interests in our country could be
brought to perfection, and they would not have the barrier of a mixed system
that they consider obsolete, and that operates in Colombia. With this they intend
to enter our country with total freedom.