Tp ch Nghin cu Khoa hc 2006: 42-51 Trng i hc Cn Th

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Tp ch Nghin cu Khoa hc 2006: 42-51 Trng i hc Cn Th

KHO ST THNH PHN V S LNG TO

TRONG AO NUI TM S THM CANH
KT HP VI C R PHI
Nguyn Th Thanh Tho, Hunh Trng Giang v Trng Quc Ph 1
ABSTRACT
The variation of composition and quantity of phytoplankton in intensive-integrated
systems of shrimp-Tilapia was carried out at Soctrang province from May 2004 to
February 2005. Three different treatments were studied: (1) shrimp only (densities of 35
inds/m2); (2) shrimp integrated with Tilapia (densities of 0,1 inds/m2) and (3) shrimp
integrated with Tilapia in cage with cage surface equal 1/50 of pond surface (fish
densities of 10 inds/m2). Pellets from CP company was used for feeding during
experiment. The results showed that ninety-seven species of phytoplankton were recorded
in intensive shrimp pond including 41 species of diatoms, 12 species of blue algae, 15
species of blue-green algae, 9 species of dinoflagellates and 20 species of euglenophyte.
Most of phytoplankton had originated from the freshwater and the diversity in shrimp
pond tended to increase at the end of crop. The major compositions of phytoplankton in
integrated ponds were diatoms and green algae while it was blue-green algae in
monoculture shrimp pond. The development cycle of phytoplankton species was diatoms,
green algae and blue-green algae in shrimp ponds.
The integrated system of shrimp-Tilapia showed better water quality with stable
environmental parameters and the suitable development of phytoplanton for growth
performance of cultured shrimp.
Keyword: variation, phytoplankton, Penaeus monodon, Tilapia
Title: Study on the phytoplankton population in intensive shrimp associate Tilapia
TM TT
Nghin cu bin ng thnh phn v s lng phiu sinh thc vt trong cc m hnh
nui Tm s kt hp vi c R phi c tin hnh ti Tnh Sc Trng t thng 5/2004
n thng 02 /2005 vi 3 m hnh nui: (1) nui tm n (mt 35 con/m2); (2) nui
chung Tm s vi c R phi (mt c 0,1 con/m2); (3) nui Tm s vi c R phi trong
lng li vi din tch lng bng 1/50 din tch ao (mt c 10 con/m2 lng ). Thc n
cng nghip CP c s dng cho tm n trong qu trnh th nghim. Kt qu pht
hin 97 loi to, trong c 41 loi thuc ngnh to khu, 12 loi thuc ngnh to lc,
15 loi thuc ngnh to lam, 9 loi thuc ngnh to gip v 20 loi thuc ngnh to
mt. a s cc ging loi phiu sinh thc vt c ngun gc nc ngt v thnh phn
loi trong ao nui tm thm canh thp dn t u v n cui v nui. To khu v to
lc chim thnh phn ch yu trong ao nui tm kt hp vi c R phi, ngc li, to
lam l thnh phn ch yu trong ao nui tm n. Chu k pht trin ca cc nhm to
k tip nhau trong ao nui tm thm canh ln lt l to khu, to lc v to lam.
M hnh nui ghp Tm s vi c R phi bc u cho kt qu tt hn v cht lng
nc so vi nui n, cc yu t thy l ho n nh v s pht trin ca to thch hp
cho sinh trng ca tm nui.
T kho: bin ng, phytoplankton, Penaeus monodon, Tilapia

11
B mn Thy sinh hc ng dng, Khoa Thy sn, i hc Cn Th

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Tp ch Nghin cu Khoa hc 2006: 42-51 Trng i hc Cn Th

1 GII THIU
Hin nay, Tm s (Penaeus monodon) l i tng thy sn c gi tr thng
phm cao v cng l i tng nui quan trng ca mt s nc ang pht trin
Chu . Tuy nhin, ngh nui Tm s thm canh ang chu nh hng nghim
trng v s suy gim nng sut do mi trng nui nhim v dch bnh pht
sinh. hn ch s xm nhp ca mm bnh vo ao nui, c bit l mm bnh
virus m trng (WSSV) v virus u vng (YHV) cc nh khoa hc nghin
cu xut m hnh nui tm t thay nc. Do t thay nc nn cht lng nc
gim rt nhanh, vt cht dinh dng tch ly v cui v nui lm cho phiu sinh
thc vt pht trin mnh dn n s bin ng ca mt s yu t cht lng nc
tc ng xu n sc khe ca tm. Mt trong cc bin php khng ch s pht
trin ca to c xem l c hiu qu duy tr mu nc tt v gp phn gim
lng cht thi trong ao nui tm l bin php nui kt hp tm vi c R phi.
Theo Anggawati (1998), nng sut tm nui tng ln khi th chung c R phi vo
cng mt ao. Nghin cu ca Yap (2001) cho thy vic s dng nc t ao c th
c R phi cp cho ao nui tm c kh nng lm gim s pht trin ca vi khun
Vibrio pht sng trong ao tm. V th, nghin cu ny tp trung nghin cu s bin
ng thnh phn v s lng phiu sinh thc vt trong cc m hnh nui Tm s
thm canh kt hp vi c R phi, nhm tm ra quy lut bin ng ca chng v
mi lin quan gia s pht trin ca phiu sinh thc vt vi yu t dinh dng v
mm bnh xut hin trong ao tm, lm c s cho vic nghin cu tm bin php
khng ch s pht trin ca phiu sinh thc vt c hiu qu, gp phn lm gim ri
ro do dch bnh cho ngh nui tm thm canh.

2 PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

2.1 Thi gian v a im nghin cu
Th nghim c tin hnh t thng 05/2004 n thng 02/2005 ti x Tham n,
huyn M Xuyn, tnh Sc Trng.
2.2 Cc m hnh nghin cu
C 3 m hnh (MH): (1) Nui c R phi chung vi Tm s (MH 1), mt c th
0,1con/m2; (2) Nui tm kt hp vi c R phi trong lng li (MH 2), mt c th
10 con/m2, din tch lng bng 1/50 din tch m hnh; (3) Nui tm n (MH 3 v MH
4). Tm ging c th vi mt 35 con/m2 cho tt c cc m hnh v c kim tra
PCR trc khi th. Sau khi th tm khong 45 ngy th c (R phi ) c 1 cm.
2.3 Chm sc v qun l
Cc m hnh th nghim l nhng ao nui tm thm canh c din tch 3000 m2
c x l bng Ca(OH)2, sau dng Fos 500 EC vi liu lng 2 mg/L dit
gip xc, dit c bng Saponin liu lng 10 mg/L v dit khun bng KMnO4
nng 10 mg/L. Sau s dng Bloom plankton kt hp vi pH Fixer n
nh mi trng nc, kim tra pH, kim trc khi th ging.
Cho n 4 ln/ngy, s dng thc n CP, cho n ng theo ch dn ca nh sn xut.
Ch qut nc: 1-2 ln/ngy khi tm 1-2 thng tui v qut lin tc khi tm
trn 3 thng tui.

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Tp ch Nghin cu Khoa hc 2006: 42-51 Trng i hc Cn Th

Cc yu t pH, DO, nhit , trong c o 2 ln/ngy ti hin trng bng

my o; cc yu t kim, cng, H2S, TAN, NO2-, NO3-, TKN, TP, COD,
TSS, OSS c o 2 ln/thng bng cch thu mu v em v phng th nghim
phn tch; phiu sinh thc vt 3 ngy/ln, mu c thu v em v phng th
nghim phn tch.
2.4 Phng php thu v phn tch mu thc vt ni
Mu thc vt ni c thu nh k 3 ngy/ln.
2.4.1 Phng php thu mu
Thu mu nh tnh: Mu c thu bng li phiu sinh kch thc mt li
27m, thu dc theo b ao vi th tch nc qua ming li cng nhiu cng tt.
Sau cho mu nc thu c vo chai nha 110 mL v c nh mu bng formol
vi nng t 2-4%.
Thu mu nh lng: Mu nh lng c thu bng phng php lng: dng x
nha 20 lt thu cc im trong ao, sau khuy u v cho vo bnh 1 lt, c
nh mu bng formol vi nng tng t nh mu nh tnh (2-4%).
2.4.2 Phng php phn tch mu
Phn tch nh tnh: Mu c quan st di knh hin vi in, sau da vo
cc c im hnh thi, cu to xc nh tn ging hoc tn loi ca thc vt
ni. Trong qu trnh nh danh loi, cn ch nh du (+), (++) hoc (+++)
th hin mc xut hin ca chng (thang phn loi ca Scheffer v Robinson).
Phn tch nh lng: Dng bung m Sedgwick-Rafter m s c th thc
vt ni . Cng thc p dng:

T * 1.000 * Vc * 1.000
X (c th/L) = -----------------------------
A * N * Vmt

Trong : T: s c th m c theo ngnh

A: din tch m
N: s m
Vc: th tch mu c c
Vmt: th tch mu thu

3 KT QU V THO LUN
3.1 c im thnh phn loi phiu sinh thc vt
Kt qu phn tch nh tnh pht hin c 97 loi phiu sinh thc vt, thuc 5
ngnh to Bacillariophyta (to Khu), Chlorophyta (to Lc), Euglenophyta (to
Mt), Pyrrophyta (to Gip), Cyanophyta (to Lam). Kt qu trn cho thy mi
trng ao nui tm thm canh trong nghin cu ny mang c tnh ca mt thy

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Tp ch Nghin cu Khoa hc 2006: 42-51 Trng i hc Cn Th

vc c nng mui thp. Theo cc nghin cu ca mt s tc gi trc y trong

mt thy vc nc mn (bin) v thy vc nc l in hnh (nng mui 18-
30) th thnh phn loi to chim u th l to Khu v to Gip; cc loi to
Lc v to Mt t xut hin trong mi trng nc mn/l. Theo B Thy sn
(1996) th thnh phn loi to ca vng bin Trung v Nam B c 468 loi to,
trong c 304 loi to Khu , 159 loi to Gip, 3 loi to Lam v 2 loi Kim to
(Chrysophyta). Trong mi trng ao nui Tm s bn thm canh theo m hnh t
thay nc th to Khu chim 85,7% v to Lam chim 14,3% (Trng Quc Ph,
1997). Mt nghin cu khc v thnh phn loi to ca h sinh thi ca sng Cu
Long pht hin 278 loi to, trong to Khu chim 78,43%, to Gip chim
20% v phn cn li l to Lam (V Trung Tng, 1994).
Nh vy, kt qu kho st thnh phn loi to trong cc m hnh th nghim cho
thy tnh u th ca to Khu b gim, ch chim 42,27% s lng loi, trong khi
c s xut hin ca to Mt - loi to ch tn ti trong mi trng c nng
mui thp v nc ngt.
Tnh a dng ca thnh phn to trong ao nui thm canh cng thp hn cc thy
vc t nhin, thnh phn loi trong cc ao nui ch t 97 loi trong khi cc thy
vc t nhin ca cc h sinh thi ca sng Cu Long c n 278 loi to. Hn
na, thnh phn loi pht hin c trong tng mu rt thp, trung bnh ch pht
hin 9 loi to/mu. Tnh a dng ca mt thy vc b chi phi bi quy lut u th,
trong thy vc ngho dinh dng khng c loi u th nn thnh phn loi phong
ph nhng s lng c th trong mt loi th ngho nn, ngc li thy vc giu
dinh dng th mt s loi pht trin u th v s lng ln t cc loi khc nn
thnh phn loi trong thy vc ny km phong ph. Trong cc m hnh nghin cu
do c s tch ly dinh dng, hm lng cc mui dinh dng nh TAN, NO3- v
PO43- tng i cao, tuy cha vt qu gii hn cng lm cho mt s loi to pht
trin u th.
Bng 1: Thnh phn loi phiu sinh thc vt
Ngnh S loi T l (%)
Bacillariophyta 41 42,27
Chlorophyta 12 12,37
Euglenophyta 20 20,62
Cyanophyta 15 15,46
Pyrrophyta 9 9,28
Tng cng 97
Cc ging to xut hin trong cc m hnh th nghim vi mt cao bao gm:
Navicula, Nitzschia (to Khu); Ankistrodesmus, Scenedesmus, Coenosystis (to
Lc); Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Microcystis (to Lam); Euglena (to Mt);
Peridinium (to Gip). Hu ht cc loi xut hin trong cc m hnh nghin cu l
nhng loi ch th cho mi trng giu dinh dng hoc nhim bn, iu ny ph
hp vi thc t, cc m hnh nui c s tch ly dinh dng nn cc loi to thch
ng vi iu kin dinh dng cao pht trin u th.

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Tp ch Nghin cu Khoa hc 2006: 42-51 Trng i hc Cn Th

Bng 2: Thnh phn loi phiu sinh thc vt trong cc m hnh

Ngnh M hnh 1 M hnh 2 M hnh 3 M hnh 4

S loi T l (%) S loi T l (%) S loi T l (%) S loi T l (%)
Bacillariophyta 27 38,57 28 45,16 25 47,17 24 46,15
Chlorophyta 11 15,71 9 14,52 7 13,21 7 13,46
Euglenophyta 14 20,00 9 14,52 7 13,21 6 11,54
Cyanophyta 9 12,86 10 16,13 9 16,98 10 19,23
Pyrrophyta 9 12,86 6 9,68 5 9,43 5 9,62
Tng cng 70 62 53 52
Khi so snh s bin ng thnh phn loi to 4 m hnh th nghim cho thy c
s khc bit v t l cc nhm to gia m hnh 1 v cc m hnh cn li. m
hnh 1 t l loi thuc ngnh to Khu thp trong khi cc loi thuc ngnh to
Mt v to Lc cao hn m hnh 2, 3 v 4. Do m hnh 1 c nng mui thp
hn cc m hnh khc, cc loi to Mt v to Lc pht trin nn lm gim tnh u
th ca ngnh to Khu v tng tnh u th ca ngnh to Mt v to Lc. Mt l
do khc lm cho ngnh to Lc m hnh 1 pht trin hn cc m hnh khc c
th l do trong m hnh nui c nui kt hp vi c R phi. Kt qu nghin cu
ca Trn Cng Bnh et al., (2004) cho thy c R phi c vai tr kch thch s tng
trng qun th to Chlorella.
Khi xt tnh a dng v loi cng cho kt qu c s khc bit gia cc m hnh nui
tnh a dng thnh phn loi gim dn t m hnh 1 n m hnh 4. M hnh 1 xut hin
70 loi to, trong khi m hnh 2 xut hin 62 loi, m hnh 3 v 4 ch xut hin 53
v 52 loi to. Tnh a dng gim dn t m hnh 1 n m hnh 4 th hin mc tch ly
vt cht tng dn t m hnh 1 n m hnh 4. M hnh 1 t xy ra hin tng u th v
ch xy ra mt ln vo giai on 50-60 ngy vi loi to Lc (Coenosystis planctonica),
trong khi cc m hnh 3 c s u th t ngy th 27 v m hnh 4 l vo ngy 39
v ko di cho n cui v nui. Cc loi to chim u th m hnh 3 v 4 l hai loi
to Lam (Phormidium v Oscillatoria) v mt loi to Lc (Ankistrodesmus). Khi xt
n tnh a dng ca thnh phn loi to qua tng t thu mu th s lng loi cng
gim dn t m hnh 1 n m hnh 4, thnh phn loi trung bnh 4 m hnh ln lt
l 12, 11, 7 v 7 loi. Do m hnh 3 v 4 lun c hin tng u th nn thnh phn
loi gim, s u th m hnh 3 th hin rt r t 26 (ngy th 78) v t 38 (ngy
th 114), t 26 trong m hnh ch bt gp c 1 loi to Lam l Phormidium sp.
nhng vi mt rt cao t khong 100.000 c th/mL, t 38 xut hin 4 loi nhng
loi chim u th l Ankistrodesmus sp. vi mt t gn 500.000 c th/mL v loi
Phormidium sp. mt cng khong 100.000 c th/mL. Khc vi s pht trin ca to
trong cc thy vc t nhin, cc loi chim u th trong m hnh nui thm canh
thng l nhng loi to si, kch thc rt nh khong 2-3 m nhng chng c th
pht trin mnh v s lng t xp x mt trong b nui, trong khi thy vc t
nhin thng l cc loi to c kch thc ln, mt thp.
C th c R phi trong m hnh nui kt hp c vai tr gi n nh mt to, t
xy ra hin tng u th nn tnh a dng cao. y l mt kt qu c ngha thc
tin. Trong m hnh nui tm thm canh vic khng ch s pht trin ca to l
mt vn ht sc kh khn, kt qu nghin cu ny c th gip ngi nui gii
php hn ch s pht trin ca to trong m hnh nui tm.

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Tp ch Nghin cu Khoa hc 2006: 42-51 Trng i hc Cn Th

3.1.1 Bin ng s lng phiu sinh thc vt

S lng to trong cc m hnh th nghim bin ng rt ln, trung bnh mt
to bin ng t 1,1-67,6 triu c th/L. Trong , c 3 ngnh to lun chim s
lng ln l to Lam, to Lc v to Khu. Ngnh to c mt trung bnh cao
nht v lun chim u th trong sut v nui l to Lam vi mt cao nht t
234 triu c th/L. Ngnh to Lc c mt trung bnh thp hn to Lam nhng
mt ti a t rt cao, khong 467 triu c th/L cao gp 2 ln mt ti a ca
to Lam. Mt to Khu thp hn nhiu so vi to Lam v to Lc, mt cao
nht ch t 12 triu c th/L (Bng 4). Nh vy, mt to trong cc m hnh
nui tm thm canh rt cao c th cao hn mt to trong cc thy vc t nhin
khong 1.000 ln .
Mt m hnh 1 v m hnh 2 bin ng trong khong 1-4 triu c th/L nh
hn nhiu so vi m hnh 3 v m hnh 4 (37 v 67,5 triu c th/L). Kt qu trn
cho thy c s khc bit v mt to gia hai m hnh nui tm thm canh kt
hp vi c R phi v nui tm n.
Bng 4: Bin ng s lng trung bnh ca to (c th/L )
Ngnh To Lam To Mt To Lc To Khu To Gip Tng
M hnh 1 892.405 1.649 1.984.954 1.072.240 56.698 4.007.947
M hnh 2 540.204 705 210.997 280.895 34.724 1.067.526
M hnh 3 37.525.762 374 30.113.139 496.761 61.649 67.570.328
M hnh 4 36.531.040 867 214.238 258.319 729 37.005.191

Khi xt n s bin ng ca tng ngnh to th mt trung bnh ca to Khu

bin ng 258.319-1.072.240 c th/L, to Khu ch pht trin mnh m hnh 1
v m hnh 2 trong khi m hnh 3 v 4 mt to Khu rt thp (Hnh 1).
14.000.000

12.000.000
S lng (c th/ L)

10.000.000

8.000.000

6.000.000

4.000.000

2.000.000

-
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45

t thu
MH 1 MH 2 MH 3 MH 4

Hnh 1: Bin ng s lng to Khu cc m hnh th nghim

To Lc c s bin ng s lng ln nht trong cc ngnh to, hu ht cc m
hnh nui mt trung bnh ca to Lc bin ng trong khong 210.997-
1.984.954 c th/L. Tuy nhin, trong khong thi gian t 108-114 ngy th to Lc
c s pht trin mnh m hnh 3 lm tng mt to t khong 55 triu ln 460
triu c th/L (Hnh 2).

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Tp ch Nghin cu Khoa hc 2006: 42-51 Trng i hc Cn Th

500.000.000

400.000.000

S lng (c th/ L) 300.000.000

200.000.000

100.000.000

-
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45

t thu
MH 1 MH 2 MH 3 MH 4

Hnh 2: Bin ng s lng to Lc cc m hnh th nghim

Ngc li vi to Khu, to Lam pht trin mnh m hnh 3 v 4 v bt u gia
tng s lng sau khong 1 thng. Mt trung bnh bin ng trong khong
540.204-37.525.762 c th/L, cao nht t 234.791.667 c th/L. Kt qu ny cho
thy m hnh nui tm kt hp vi c R phi c thnh phn s lng to ph hp
hn so vi nui tm n (Hnh 3).
250.000.000
S lng (c th/ L)

200.000.000

150.000.000

100.000.000

50.000.000

-
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45

t thu
MH 1 MH 2 MH 3 MH 4

Hnh 3: Bin ng s lng to Lam cc m hnh th nghim

Ngnh to Mt v to Gip mc d c xut hin trong cc m hnh nui nhng mt
ca chng rt thp so vi cc ngnh to khc, to Mt v to Gip xut hin
nhiu vo cui v nui. Mt to Mt ti a ch t 23.000 c th/L cn mt
to Gip ch t 200.000 c th/L.
- Bin ng s lng phiu sinh thc vt m hnh 1
Khi xt n chu k pht trin ca cc loi to trong tng m hnh nui cho thy
m hnh 1 thnh phn s lng to ch yu l to Khu v to Lc. u v to
Khu chim u th, sau n to Lc v cui v to Lam mi pht trin. To
Khu bt u pht trin sau khi m hnh c bn phn gy mu, v chu k pht
trin ko di trong thng u tin, to Lc th pht trin chm hn khong 15 ngy,
sau khi to Lc pht trin th to Khu gim dn s lng. To Khu pht trin

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Tp ch Nghin cu Khoa hc 2006: 42-51 Trng i hc Cn Th

mt chu k mi khi to Lc tn. To Lam pht trin vo thi gian cui ca v

nui, thng sau 75 ngy (Hnh 4).

25.000.000

S lng (c th/L)
20.000.000

15.000.000

10.000.000

5.000.000

-
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45
t thu
CYANO EUGLENO CHLO BACILLA PYRRO

Hnh 4: Bin ng s lng to m hnh 1

S pht trin k tip nhau ca cc ngnh to c lin quan n tc pht trin ca
tng nhm. Theo Hoogenhout v Amesz (1965); Reynolds (1984) tc pht trin
ca to Lam lun lun km hn cc nhm to khc nn to Lam thng pht trin
cui chu k nui. Hn na, cc nhm to c s thch ng vi iu kin dinh dng
khc nhau, to Khu pht trin trong iu kin dinh dng thp, to Lc pht trin
trong mi trng c hm lng dinh dng trung bnh cn to Lam v To Gip
pht trin trong mi trng dinh dng cao.
- Bin ng s lng phiu sinh thc vt m hnh 2

5.000.000
S lng (c th/L)

4.000.000

3.000.000

2.000.000

1.000.000

-
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45
t thu
CYANO EUGLENO CHLO BACILLA PYRRO

Hnh 5: Bin ng s lng to m hnh 2

m hnh 2 chu k pht trin ca cc nhm to cng tng t nh m hnh 1,
to Khu pht trin trong thng u ca v nui, k n l to Lc v sau cng l
to Lam. Tuy nhin, m hnh ny c s xut hin sm ca nhm to Lam vo
ngy th 50 ca v nui do s c c s phn hy r da nc nn y ao m
trong qu trnh xy dng ao cha loi b ht.
- Bin ng s lng phiu sinh thc vt m hnh 3

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Tp ch Nghin cu Khoa hc 2006: 42-51 Trng i hc Cn Th

Khc vi m hnh 1 v m hnh 2, m hnh 3 thnh phn s lng to chim ch

yu l nhm to Lam, nhm ny cng xut hin rt sm sau 1 thng nui v duy tr
cho n cui v. Ban u th loi Phormidium sp. chim u th sau chuyn
sang loi Microcystis aeruginosa v cui v l loi Oscillatoria limosa, O.
formosa chim u th.

500.000.000
S lng (c th/L)

400.000.000

300.000.000

200.000.000

100.000.000

-
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45
t thu
CYANO EUGLENO CHLO BACILLA PYRRO

Hnh 6: Bin ng s lng to m hnh 3

- Bin ng s lng phiu sinh thc vt m hnh 4

250.000.000
S lng (c th/L)

200.000.000

150.000.000

100.000.000

50.000.000

-
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45
t thu
CYANO EUGLENO CHLO BACILLA PYRRO

Hnh 7: Bin ng s lng to m hnh 4

S pht trin s lng ca to m hnh 4 hon ton tng t m hnh 3, thnh
phn s lng to cng ch yu l to Lam. To Lam bt u pht trin s lng
vo ngy th 27 v t cc i vo ngy th 93 vi s lng khong 234 triu c
th/L, sau to tn v duy tr mc thp n khi thu hoch.
Tm li, trong cc m hnh nui th to Lam, to Lc v to Khu l 3 ngnh to
c s lng ln, trong to Lam l ngnh c mt trung bnh cao nht k n
l to Lc v sau cng l to Khu. To Lc l ngnh c mt cao, t mt
khong 467 triu c th/L vo ngy th 114 m hnh 3. Cc loi to c mt
cao l to c kch thc nh (2-3m) nh: Phormidium sp., Ankistrodesmus sp. v
Oscillatoria formosa. To Khu v to Lc pht trin u th m hnh 1 v m
hnh 2, trong khi to Lam pht trin u th m hnh 3 v 4.

50
Tp ch Nghin cu Khoa hc 2006: 42-51 Trng i hc Cn Th

4 KT LUN
Thnh phn loi to thu c 97 loi trong c 41 loi thuc ngnh to Khu,
12 loi thuc ngnh to Lc, 15 loi thuc ngnh to Lam, 9 loi thuc ngnh to
Gip v 20 loi thuc ngnh to Mt. Cc ging loi c ngun gc nc ngt c
khuynh hng gia tng t u n cui v.
Cc loi to chim u th l nhng loi to c trng cho vng c tch ly vt cht
dinh dng cao nh: Navicula, Nitzschia (to Khu); Ankistrodesmus,
Scenedesmus, Coenosystis (to Lc); Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Microcystis (to
Lam), Euglena (to Mt), Peridinium (to Gip). Tnh a dng v loi trong cc
m hnh thp dn v cui v.
Cc ngnh to c s lng c th cao l To Lam, to Lc v to Khu. Mt ti
a ca to Lam t khong 234 triu c th/L, to Lc t 460 triu c th/L v to
Khu l 12 triu c th/L.
M hnh nui kt hp vi c R phi (m hnh 1 v m hnh 2) th thnh phn loi
to ch yu l to Khu v to Lc. M hnh nui tm n (m hnh 3 v m hnh
4) th thnh phn loi to Lam l ch yu.
Chu k pht trin ca cc nhm to k tip nhau trong m hnh nui tm thm
canh ln lt l to Khu, to Lc v cui cng l to Lam. S pht trin ca to
Mt v to Gip cha th hin theo quy lut r rng.

TI LIU THAM KHO

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B Thy sn. Ngun li thy sn Vit Nam. NXB Nng Nghip. 616 trang.
Hongerhout, H. and J. Amesz 1965. Growth rates of Photosynthetic Microorganisms in
Laboratory Cultures. Arch. Microbio., 50, 40-15
Trn Cng Bnh, Trn Sng Ngc v Trn Tn Huy, 2004. nh hng ca sinh khi c R
phi v t l cho n ln s tng trng ca qun th to Chlorella trong iu kin b nui.
Tp ch Khoa hc i Hc Cn Th 2004:307-317.
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